1、Unit 2 English around the world第 2 节 Learning about Language一、单句语法填空根据语境，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。1. The children _(gradual) began to accept her as one of the family.2. Its well known _ dinking red wine properly helps protect against heart disease. 3. Of these two basketball teams, the former comes fr
2、om the US; the _ comes from England.4. The command _ (give) by our teacher puzzled all the students.5. The Italian boy _ (regard) as a hero because he gave his life for his country.6. Many students believe that the choice of their courses and universities should _ (base) on their own interest.7. Stu
3、dents _ (come) up to him and said how much they liked his class.8. If you keep talking with your foreign friends, youll soon pick up _ (fluently) English.9. The water was freezing cold, but in jumped the young man without _ second thought.10. The heavy rain today is quite_ (difference) from the rain
4、 yesterday because rain water has entered the subway.【答案】4. given 【解析】give the command 意为发出命令，此处 command 作主语，give 用其被动形式 given 作后置定语。5. was regarded 【解析】由句意可知，The Italian boy 与设空处前后为被动关系，故此处应用被动语态；再由后面的 gave 可知，设空处用一般过去时的被动语态。6. be based 【 解析】the choice 与设空处构成被动关系，且又位于情态动词 should 后，故用 be based。be ba
5、sed on 意为以为基础。二、句型转换将下列直接引语转换为间接引语，每空一词。1. Dont play fire in the building, the old man said to us. The old man _ us _ _ play fire in the building.2. Come at 9:00 a.m. because the meeting begins at 9:30 a.m., Mary said to Jack. Mary _ Jack _ come at 9:00 a.m. because the meeting begins at 9:30 a.m.3.
6、 Give me a pen and some pieces of paper, please. he said to her. He _ her _ give him a pen and some pieces of paper.4. Let me watch TV a little longer tonight, mother. he begged.He _ his mother _ let him watch TV a little longer that night.5. My friends said, You should keep on doing some exercise u
7、ntil you lose some weight. My friends suggested I _ _ on doing some exercise until you lose some weight.【答案】1. told; not to 2. told; to3. asked; to4. begged; to5. should keep三、从括号内选择合适的内容填空Last Monday I visited Dr. James clinic. He asked me 1 (arrive/to arrive) at 8:30 2 (tonight/that night). He 3 (
8、said/told) me to bring 4 (my/your) nightshirt and toothbrush. I arrived on time. His assistant, Charles, invited me 5 (watch/to watch) TV in the waiting room. He told me to relax _6_ (here/there) while they got my room ready. An hour later, Charles came back and got me ready for bed. He linked me to
9、 a machine. Could you please 7 (explain/to explain)? I asked. He explained that the machine recorded brain activity. Charles ordered me 8 (dont/not to) leave the bed until the next morning. To my surprise, I fell asleep right away. In the morning, Dr. James told me that except for some leg movements
10、 during the night, I had healthy sleep patterns. He advised me 9 (get/to get) some more exercise. At last, he suggested _10_ (my going/me to go) on a diet.【答案】1. to arrive 2. that night3. told 4. my5. to watch 6. there7. explain 8. not to9. to get 10. my going四、用所给词的适当形式完成句子1. The owners of house sa
11、id Monday that the city had ordered them _ (stop) playing music because it was noisy. 2. Tim asks how he can avoid the silly mistakes _ prevent him from getting high grades.3. The doctor tells me _ (smoke) anymore and I think he is right.4. The teacher requested us not _ (make) so much noise. 5. My
12、mother asked me to show my homework to her. My mother said to me, Show _ your homework.6. Our teacher asked us not _ (swim) in deep water. 7. The army officer ordered his men _ (fire) as soon as the enemies came up. 8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.9. Mr
13、. Johnson warned her son never _ (drive) after drinking. 10. Mary, _ (come) here; everybody else, stay where you are.【答案】3. not to smoke 【解析】句意：医生告诉我不要再抽烟了，我觉得他说得对。告诉某人不要做某事要用 tell sb. not to do sth.结构。4. to make 【解析】句意：老师请求我们不要制造那么大的噪音。request sb. not to do sth.请求某人不要做某事。5. me your 【解析】考查祈使句间接引语变为直
14、接引语时人称的变化。句意：妈妈让我把我的作业拿给她看一下。9. to drive 【解析】句意：约翰逊先生警告他儿子决不要酒后驾车。warn sb. never to do sth.警告某人决不要做某事。10. come 【解析】句意：玛丽过来，其他人待在原处。祈使句中直接用动词原形。五、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A The English language started about 1500 years ago in England. Three groups of people came to the country. They w
15、ere the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes. These three groups brought their languages with them to England. After some time, the three languages became one new language English. The name “English“ comes from the Angles. They lived in most of England. “England“ means “Angle Land“ or “Country of the A
16、ngles“. The language that we speak today Modern English is not the same as the English that people used 1500 years ago, including Old English（before ll50）and Middle English（up till 1500）. That language Old English sounds different, and it has some different rules of grammar. There were only a few th
17、ousand words in Old English. But Modern English does come from Old English, and it is still like it in many important ways.1. When did Modern English start?A. About the year 1150.B. Before the year 1500.C. Between the 12th century and the 16th century.D. About 1500 years ago.2. How many languages di
18、d Old English come from?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.3. Which language did the name “English“ come from?A. Modern English. B. The Angles.C. The Jutes. D. The Saxons.4. According to the passage, Modern English differs from Old English in _.A. grammar B. pronunciationC. words D. All of the above5
19、. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Modern English has nothing to do with Old English.B. Modern English has more words than Old English.C. Modern English has a vocabulary（词汇量）twice as large as old English.D. There is no difference between Old English and Middle English.【答案】【语篇解读】文章介绍了英语的发展历史和一些细节情况。
20、4. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后三行 That languageOld Englishsounds different, and it has some different rules of grammar. There were only a few thousand words in Old English.说明在发音，语法，词汇这三方面都有区别，故 D 正确。5. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知现在的英语包括了古英语，中世纪的英语，那么现在的英语的词汇量肯定要比以前大得多，故 B 正确。BYou carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty materia
21、l in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? Its your brain a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it t
22、he most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at
23、 what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brains great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send t
24、his information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny ce
25、lls: neurons it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops.
26、 Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough e
27、lectricity to power a light bulb.6. By the most complex thing, James Watson means _.A. a supercomputer B. the universeC. human brains D. our emotions7. Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than any computer.B. The ki
28、tten plays an important role in testing human brain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.D. Your brains can use neurons to send messages back faster than bees.8. The author mentions to power light bulbs (Para. 4) to show _.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how
29、 many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain9. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in
30、the universe.D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.【答案】【语篇解读】本文介绍了一台神奇的机器人类的大脑。6. C 【 解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Its your brain a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.可知， James Watson 认为宇宙中最复杂的是人的大脑，故选 C。
31、8. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.可知，虽然单个的神经元可产生的电量微乎其微，但是所有的神经元一起产生的电量足够点亮一个灯泡，这说明了大脑可产生的电量。故选 C。9. A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段就点明了主题What is this amazing machine? Its yo
32、ur brain，下面几段具体介绍了大脑的工作原理，所以本文主要讲的是神奇的大脑，故选 A。六、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。On December 26, 2014, a fierce fire swallowed the home of Terry Harris, 60, in Ohio. Terrys three grandsons were 1 Christmas night with her. She and the children died in the fire and 2 collapse of the
33、 house.3 with grief, Terrys son Ricky Harris and his wife Traci the boys parents, 4 friends into their home, one of 5 was Michael, Rickys old high school classmate, whod driven eight hours from Delaware to 6 Ricky.When I heard the news, I felt 7 sorry for him, Michael says.On the garage floor of the
34、 Harrises house, a relative had 8 more than 200 9 damaged photographs saved from the fire, including 10 of the boys wearing their basketball and wrestling uniforms or 11 for class pictures. Michael, a doctoral student in 12 studies at university, saw an opportunity to help in the sad 13 . He called
35、Debra Norris, chair of the universitys art conservation department, for 14 on how to save the photos.I thought she would 15 a restoration service, says Michael. 16 , she asked him to ship the photos to her right away.Every day for two weeks, Debra, 17 ten photo-preservation graduate students and doz
36、ens of other professionals, carefully 18 the dirt with tiny brushes and 19 the tougher dirt with an alcohol solution(溶液).Three months later, Debra and Michael delivered a box of 20 photos to the parents. I would love to see my moms face, knowing that all these people cared, Ricky says.1.A. planning
37、B. preparing C. spending D. taking2.A. absolute B. curious C. unbelievable D. consequent3.A. Sick B. Tired C. Sleepy D. Determined4.A. welcomed B. added C. accepted D. held5.A. them B. that C. which D. whom6.A. satisfy B. comfort C. rescue D. appreciate7.A. abundantly B. instantly C. deeply D. close
38、ly8.A. set off B. taken off C. put out D. laid out9.A. accidentally B. hopelessly C. carelessly D. cautiously10.A. naps B. shots C. stretches D. extension11.A. arguing B. preparing C. posing D. asking12.A. preservation B. competition C. application D. identity13.A. fire B. report C. ceremony D. scen
39、e14.A. responsibility B. reference C. advice D. chance15.A. recommend B. produce C. offer D. promote16.A. Still B. Otherwise C. Instead D. Therefore17.A. without B. with C. except D. beyond18.A. cleaned B. cut C. put D. turned19.A. received B. refreshed C. replaced D. removed20.A. rewarded B. restor
40、ed C. reserved D. revised【答案】【语篇解读】在火灾中失去挚爱的亲人的 harris 夫妇得到了朋友的安慰和帮助，其中一个朋友甚至帮 Harris 夫妇修补了从火灾中失去的 200 多张受损照片。3. A 考查形容词的辨析。结合语境和选项可知，此处表示 Harris 夫妇因为母亲和孩子在大火中丧生而悲伤，最终病倒了。故选 A。sick生病的，tired疲倦的，sleepy 困倦的，determined 坚决的。4. A 考查动词的辨析。语境表示尽管因为悲伤而病倒了，但是 Ricky 和妻子还是把客人迎到他们家里。故选 A。welcome欢迎；add增加；accept 接
41、受；hold拿着，抓住。5. D 考查连词的辨析。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，并指人。6. B 考查动词的辨析。结合语境和选项可知，老同学从远方来的目的应该是宽慰失去亲人的朋友。故选 B。satisfy满足 (要求.需求等)，comfort 安慰，rescue 援救，appreciate感激。7. C 考查副词的辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示为他们感到非常难过。故选C。abundantly大量地，充裕 地；instantly立即，马上；deeply 非常，极其；closely密切地。8. D 考 查 动 词 短 语 的 辨 析 。 语 境 表 示 一 个 亲
42、戚 把 从 大 火 中 抢 救 出 来 的 那 些 照 片 摆 在 地 上 。故 选 D。 set off 出 发 ， 激 起 ；take off起飞，脱掉； put out扑灭，出版；lay out摆开，展开。9. B 考 查 副 词 的 辨 析 。 这 些 照 片 在 火 灾 中 遭 到 严 重 毁 坏 ， 难 以 修 复 。 结 合 选 项 可 知 应 选B。 accidentally 偶 然 地 ， 意 外 地 ；hopelessly无望地，极差地，糟糕透顶地；carelessly粗心地； cautiously谨慎地。10. B 考查名词的辨析。由语境可知这里放着的是一些照片，因此选项
43、应该与照片有关，故选 B。nap打 盹；shot 照片；stretch伸展，舒展；extension 延长，扩大。11. C 考查动词的辨析。由语境可知应选 C，指孩子在照相的时候摆姿势。argue争辩，prepare准备，pose (为画像、摄影)摆好姿势，ask询问。12. A 考查名词的辨析。此处与后文提到的 conservation 相呼应，故选 A。preservation保存，维护；competition竞赛，竞争；application申请，应用；identity 身份。13. D 考查名词的辨析。此处指的是亲人去世，亲人留下的照片也被毁了这一幕凄惨的情景。故选 D。fire火灾
44、；report报告；ceremony仪式；scene场面，情景。14. C 考查名词的辨析。由语境可知应选 advice，表示 Michael 给系主任打电话请教该如何挽救这些照片。responsibility责任；reference 参考；advice 建议；chance机会。17. B 考查介词的辨析。由语境可知，此处表示和一起，相当于 along/together with。系主任和她的研究生以及其他许多专业人士一起在做修补照片的工作。故选B。without 没有，with和一起；except 除了； beyond超过。18. A 考查动词的辨析。由语境可知此处应选 A，表示他们把照片上
45、的灰尘清理掉。clean除去 的灰尘，使 干净；cut切,割；put放，放置；turn转动。19. D 考查动词的辨析。此处表示用一种酒精溶液把照片上难以去掉的污垢清除掉，故选D。receive收到；refresh使凉爽，刷新；replace代替；remove去除。20. B 考查语境理解。由语境可知此处应选 B，指这些被修复的照片。 reward奖励，奖赏；restore使复原，修复；reserve保留，预订；revise 修订，修改。七、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或
46、修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。Ladies and gentlemen,Its my honor to give a speech here. After-class activities play a important part in our school life. Proper activities help enrich our lives, broaden our
47、 horizons or develop our personalities.Mine own experience can serve as a case in point. When I was in Senior One, I become a member of our drama club, that I used to visit on weekends. Since my participation in various activities organizing by the club, I achieved a lot.These activities bring me a
48、lot of funs, provide me with good opportunities to develop new friendships and open a window through which I have a brand-new outlook. With so much advantages shown above, why not to join us at once?【答案】Ladies and gentlemen,Its my honor to give a speech here. After-class activities play important part in our school life. Proper a
