1、TEM-4 写作培训资料 all rights reserved1段落展开方法：常用句型及过渡词因果法1. There are several reasons for the growing trend toward delayed childbearing. In the first place, in the second placefinally2. It is no easy job to give the reasons for the recent rise in teenage suicide which is a complicated phenomenon involving
2、 many factors. 3. The explanations for/ answers to students failure to follow a lecture involve some interrelated factors. 4. As a result of/ thanks to/ owing to/ due to/ because of those immediate measures, and aided by the tremendous effort which they evoked from our people, we weathered the disas
3、ter of sleet and snow.5. Mens resistance to womens equality arises partly from their awareness that what the male does is no longer indispensable or nonsubstitutable and that women are superior and they frequently succeed brilliantly in all the fields you care to name, and that men will be beaten in
4、 real competition. 6. It is to the law that we owe our wonderful economic development, which brings improved human conditions. (one may attribute/ascribe/owe.to.)7. The new pattern of employment is seen/ viewed/ regarded as a result of the changing needs of industries and business. 8. It is hard to
5、think of an area of modern physical welfare that cannot be traced in some ways to science and technology. 9. There are a number of factors wchich determine/ contribute to/account for/ lead to onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. 10. A number of factors, both (physical an
6、d psychological)/ (inherited and environmental)/ (individual and social)/ (academic and professional ), affect/ influence/ promote/ contribute to11. Those factors, coupled with the growth of industrialization, opened the possibility of employment and an independent existence to significant numbers o
7、f women. 12. Some of the factors that have caused us to take a second look at the direction in which technology is guiding our civilization are: the new and growing awareness of the finiteness of resources; a realization of the inadequacies of the scientific world; and an appreciation of the interde
8、pendence among people and of people with their natural environment. 另一原因补充1. another contributing/ contributory factor is that/ include2. among the various reasons usually cited is the helpful role trees play in reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption. 3. Beyond th
9、ese obvious reasons, however, lies a deeper cause: the changing attitude of the youth. 4. Financial pressure is only the surface explanation for general reluctance to retire. 5. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for peoples absession with diet and exercis
10、e. 后果影响1. The effect of this new appreciation of the significance of exercise is evident: parks are filled TEM-4 写作培训资料 all rights reserved2with joggers and physical education programs are enjoying a newly found prestige.2. Obviously modern electronic games will exert an undesirable influence on our
11、 children. It will have / exert/ exercise/ produce a decisive/profound / far-reaching/ beneficial/ unfavorable/ disastrous effect/ influence/impact on3. Rapid growth is also giving rise to a host of problems that could strain our social fabric. 4. The decision involves many direct consequences:5. Th
12、e immediate/ eventual/ consequent/ result it produces is. And perhaps the most obvious result of . is 常用过渡词：as, for, so, as a result, for this reason, the reason why, because, hence, therefore, cause, lead to, thus, consequently, owing to, due to, since转折，比较与对比法两者比较1. Although newspapers enjoy disti
13、nct advantage of covering an important new story in far greater detail, they cannot compete with television visually. 2. To most college students, the advantages of taking up a job immediately after graduation outweigh those of continuing their studies. 3. The effect of the comparison between newspa
14、pers and television is heightened by the following additional advantages newspapers enjoy. 4. Certainly, the school curriculum plays a relatively small role as compared to the influence of family, community, mass media, and society. 5. In spite of the increase in productivity, efficiency and conveni
15、ence generated by telecommunications, the changes it brings could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences. 6. Few things in life, indeed, are as rewarding as observing a good fight between highly intelligent, highly trained and knowledgeable people. 两者相同1. The task that confronts school c
16、hildren is no less challenging than the task that faces their parents who try to secure a good job in the fierce competition. 2. New technology makes engineers obsolete. Likewise, new methods of management can make executives obsolete. 3. It is a difficult task to compare two systems of education wh
17、ich stem from different roots and often produce contrasting effects, but still they share several things in common. 4. Innovations bear some resemblance to shooting at the goal. 5. Language is like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged
18、. 两者不同1. Both cars and bicycles and buses are the common means of public transportation in the cities. But unlike buses, the car is convenient and can deposit you at any doorstep where you want and when you want. 2. Married people are less likely than single people to smoke and drink heavily. They a
19、re also more likely to install safety devices in their homes. 常用过渡词：alternatively, however, on the contrary, although, in contrast, on the other hand, as a matter of fact, in spite of, otherwise, in the same way, rather, by contrast, instead, whereas, while, TEM-4 写作培训资料 all rights reserved3compared
20、 with, despite, nonetheless, yet, even though细节支持举例1. A common example which is frequently cited is soaring inflation which has approached nearly 30% in major cities.2. A classic example of this can be provided by the attitude of provincial and municipal officials towards the government policy. 3. T
21、he most dramatic/ striking example of this is the fact that4. To the already familiar example of the law of balance, some other examples may be added:5. History/this nation/ our society abounds with the examples of great men who made the normally wasted hours useful and productive. 6. Perhaps I can
22、think of no better illustration of the spirit of a scientist than the example of Einsteins who devoted his whole life to discovering unknown facts. 7. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Just imagine what chaos there would be if we lived in a society without laws. 8. There is sufficien
23、t evidence to show that parents are particularly influential in the decisions of their children about college. 引用1. A long time ago, this countrys founders declared, “All men are created equal.” 2. As is illustrated in a popular saying “.”, main clause3. According to a new census report/ official st
24、atistics/ reliable figures, from 1958 to 1992 womens share of professional jobs nearly triples. 常用过渡词（含表增补）：also, for example, namely, and, for instance, not onlybut also., as well, furthermore, on more thing, and then, in addition, similarly, as well as, in addition to that, such as, besides, in pa
25、rticular, to illustrate, just as, together, too, either, likewise, whats more, even, moreover其他过渡词：表顺序或序列关系 after, between, for a start, after this, earlier, for one thingfor another, afterwards, finally, in the first place, as, first, in the middle, as soon as, firstly, in the second place, at the
26、moment, first of all, initially, before, following this, just as, last but not least, turn right, meanwhile, since, subsequently, previously, to begin with表解释或强调关系 actually, in particular, probably, another way of saying, refer to, approximately, mainly, slightly, consist of, means, specially, equal
27、ly, strikingly, especially, surprisingly, in other words, one other thing I should point out, that is to say表归纳和结论关系 accordingly, in brief, so, admittedly, in conclusion, then, altogether, in short, thereby, as a result, in summary, therefore, basically, in that case, to conclude, to summarize, over
28、all, lastly, eventually, finally表确认关系 apparently, in general, preferably, basically, obviously, specially, certainly, of course, surely, especially, particularly, undoubtedly, generally speaking, plainly表条件关系 considering, if, so that, depending on, provided that, unless, for, providing, whether, giv
29、en that, regardless of, without开头结尾句型TEM-4 写作培训资料 all rights reserved4开头：采用现象描述+文章内容预告1. Here and there across the world/ the country are coming reports that communication among nations is enhanced owing to air travel. 2. Recently, the alarm about the problem of has caused wide public concern/ has b
30、een in the limelight3. Nowhere is the clash more visible than in China, where the worlds largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a large scale (最高级的替换 )4. It has become apparent to us that one of the biggest problems confronting our Chinese education today is the increasin
31、g vocationalization of our colleges and universities. 5. Whenever you., you cannot help being struck/ surprised/ astonished/ disappointed/ impressed by/ at6. It is high time we exploded/ shattered the myth/ illusion/ fiction about (注意虚拟语气)7. Now people become increasingly aware/ conscious of the nec
32、essity to 8. To the popular mind/ most Chinese parents, college is the place their children should go.9. One of the most popular topics/ hottest topics many city residents talk about now is the tide of the rural poor flooding the cities. 10. Traditionally, we are all used to thinking that work is a
33、means of making living and can provide the material things of life. But many researchers have found that work provides more than tangible things. (对比法)引用法开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？; d/ 2 P; Y# o% m经典句型： : U( E
34、y# U. w; O开头万能公式二：数字统计 3 E0 h7 d, V6 a$ w% W4 _ H原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： P- : F( ; O$ A5 aAccording to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出
35、来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：“ Z/ b8 E, x. 1 K4 H( fHonesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中 78%都是假的。 % d) d5 V) z U2 E0 T 2 W1 Q0 PThus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find that 2 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 ; n4 k: Y: |) l4 ?如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ TEM-4 写作培训资料 all rights reserved6Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. # U. M0 l9 G2 NConsequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
