1、形容词,一.定义:用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质,特征或状态.一般分为下面两类:,外观:long, strong, big, round, fat, beautiful, old 性质:good, clean, new, fresh, soft, excellent 颜色:red, black, green, blue, white, brown 性格:kind, strict, honest, foolish, lazy, rude(粗鲁的) 状况:careful, blind, deaf, cheap, hungry 评论:great, true, necessary, diff
2、icult ,wrong,性质形容词,关 系 形 容 词,.地域:Chinese, American, Asian, Pacific(太平洋的) .质料:wooden, golden, plastic, metallic(金属的, 含金属的) .科技:electric, chemical, atomic(原子的), medical .意识:communist(共产主义的), social(社会的) .行业:industrial(工业的),二. 形容词在句子中的作用 形容词在句子中可定语、表语、同位语、宾语补足语、状语等。 1. She is a brave girl and she can d
3、o anything. 2. Mount Tai, the famous in our country, has been visited by millions of travellers every year. 3. Who let the door open? 4. I went to bed hungry. 5. You should keep the classroom clean.,定语,同位语,宾补,状语,宾补,三. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 : 有规则和不规则两种形式.,1.规则形容词的比较级和最高级(4种),、直接加-er,-est :young clever brave
4、younger cleverer braveryoungest cleverest bravest、辅音字母 + y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 -er、 -est :happy early heavyhappier earlier heavierhappiest earliest heaviest,、以一个辅音字母(w、y、r 除外)结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这一辅音字母再加-er、-estfat thin hot slowfatter thinner hotter slowerfattest thinnest hottest slowest 、多音节词和派生的双音节词前加 more、mos
5、t beautiful expensive more beautiful more expensive most beautiful most expensive反向比较加 less、least less expensive,1) goodwell,better,best,2) badill,worse,worst,3) manymuch,more,most,4) little,less,least,2.不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。,1.双方比较, 表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级than ” 的结构 This picture is more beautiful than that on
6、e .2.表示一方不及另一方时,用“ less + 原级 than”结构This room is less beautiful than that one.3.表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时,可 在比较级前加表示程度的状语, 如 even , a lot , a bit , a little, still, much , far , yet ,by far等修饰。He works even harder than before.,3. 比较级的用法,注意: by far 通常用于强调最高级。 用于比较级一般放在比较级的后面,若放在前面,应在二者中间加 the . He is taller
7、by far than his brother .He is by far the taller of the two brothers .,4) 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时, 用“ the + 比较级(主语谓语)the +比较级(主语谓语)” 结构 (越.越)The harder he works , the happier he feels .,5) 不与其他事物 相比,表示本身程度的改变时, 用“比较级 and + 比较级”结构。The girl becomes more and more beautiful .The weather is getting colder and co
8、lder .,6) 倍数表达A is + 倍数 as as BThis room is twice as big as that one. 注意: times 表三倍以上 , 两倍用 twice / double,三者或三者以上相比, 表示最高程度时, 用“the + 最高级” 的结构表示。 这种句式一般 常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 ZhangHua is the tallest of the three .He works (the ) hardest in his class .,4 最高级的用法,六.比较级的基本句型,注:ill , sick 作 “生病的” 讲时, 二者均可, 但ill不可作定语; ill作 “坏名声的;糟糕的” 讲时, 可作定语, 如ill effect(恶果), ill name(坏名声). Sick 还可表示 “恶心的” older, elder older可指人或物 “年长的; 较旧的”, 可以与比较级连用; elder只用于家庭成员之间的长幼关系, 不与比较级连用.,farther, further 指距离上 “较远”时, 二者均可; 指比喻义上的 “进一步”时, 只用further. high, talltall 指外形高而细长的人,树, 柱子,烟囱等. high指外形庞大而高的山, 建筑物等.,