1、Unit 1 Great ScientistsI. 单项选择 (15 分)1. Its dangerous to get close to the building_. A. under construction B. built C. been built D. building 2. The bad weather was partly_ for crop failure this year. A. blame B. to blame C. blaming D. to have blamed3. _to sunlight for too much time will do harm to
2、ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed4. The student was _reading the novel that he didnt sense that his teacherwas just standing beside him. A. very absorbing B. very absorbed in C. so absorbed in D. so absorbed on 5. Dont use words，expressions，or phrases _o
3、nly to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. known6. It is believed that if a book is_，it will surely _the reader.A. interested；interest B. interesting；be interestedC. interested；be interesting D. interesting；interest7. Only in this way _our goals.A. we
4、can reach B. can we arriveC. we can arrive D. can we reach8. He wanted his house _in a way _ natural.A. to build；to look B. build；lookingC. built；to look D. being built；looks9. Can I help you？Id like to have the package_, madam.A. weighed B. to be weighedC. to weigh D. weighing10. _ the injures to h
5、is face and hands，he broke his left leg.A. Beside B. DespiteC. Apart from D. Because of11. Lets go shopping after school._. Call for me at any time.A. That depends B. Hold on，pleaseC. Why D. Sounds good12. Usually children are allowed to _ when they are six years old.A. attend school B. attend the s
6、choolC. join school D. join the school13. His failure in the experiment suggested that he _ his teachers proper instructions.A. should not have followed B. should not followC. mustnt have followed D. hadnt followed 14. I suggested that he _ the manager before he decided.A. telephoned B. would teleph
7、oneC. telephone D. had to telephone 15. Yang Liwei was surrounded by the audience _ he stepped off the stage.A. until B. through C. now that D. immediatelyII. 完形填空(30 分)来源：A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 16 of the facts he observes. He doesnt accept ideas which are
8、 not 17 on obvious facts，and therefore refuses to accept authority(权威) as the only 18 for truth. He always 19 ideas carefully and makes experiment to prove them.The rise of 20 science may perhaps be considered to 21 as far back as the 22 of Roger Bacon，the wonderful philosopher of Oxford，who lived 2
9、3 the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the Middle 24 to suggest that we should learn science 25 observing and experimenting on the things around us，and he himself 26 many important discoveries.Galileo，however，who lived more than 300 years later，was the greatest of several great men，
10、27 lived in Italy，France，Germany，or England，began by 28 to show how many important29 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo，learned men believed that large bodies fell more 30 towards the earth than small ones， 31 Aristotle said so. But Galileo，going to the 32 of the Leaning Tower of Pis
11、a，let fall two 33 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileos 34 of going direct to Nature，and proving our 35 and theories by experiment，that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.16.A.use B. time C. speed D. trust17.A.worked B. based C. lived D. written18.A.reason B. cause C.
12、advice D. result19.A.thinks B. checks C. has D. learn20.A.natural B. physical C. ancient D. modern 。21.A.date B. keep C. look D. take22.A.study B. time C. year D. birth23.A.both B. each C. between D. among24.A.Schools B. Ages C. Days D. Countries25.A.in B. with C. on D. by26.A.did B. made C. took D.
13、 gave27.A.who B. when C. that D. where28.A.ways B. degrees C. levels D. chance29.A.truths B. problems C. people D. subjects30.A.slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily31.A.when B. because C. although D. if32.A.place B. foot C. top D. ceiling33.A.big B. small C. equal D. unequal34.A.spirit B. skill C
14、. theory D. discovery35.A.plans B. opinions C. world D. abilityIII. 阅读理解 （40 分）第一节：从四个选项中选出正确答案。AWhatever our differences as human beings are, we all think were more like the rest of the animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 percent of our genetic structure with the simple But th
15、at fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge，which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome.To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode(线虫类的)worm is one of the earlie
16、st creatures on earth. It is less than one millimeter log, completely transparent(透明的)and spends its entire life-digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life，and what can be done to make it better.What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of the cells
17、in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow，develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on grow
18、ing instead，this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.36. Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has_.A
19、. found that human beings are similar to the wormB. got the fact we share 40 percent of our genetic structure with the simple wormC. found the computer which controls each of the cells in the human bodyD. proved that cell death is programmed37. People might be seriously ill if the cells in their bod
20、y_.A. grow without being instructedB. die regularlyC. fail to follow peoples instructionsD. develop in the human body38.The underlined word “they” refers to“_”.A. cell deaths B. diseasesC. instructions D. cells39.What is the subject discussed in the text？A. The theory of programmed cell deaths.B. A
21、great scientistSir John Sulston.C. The programmed human life.D. The genetic structure.BWhat makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “no”. It isnt the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a sc
22、ientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter(木匠).You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate(调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone. The scientist，however，goes one step further；he must be sure that he has a reasonable
23、answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.The scientists knowledge must be exact. Theres no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one se
24、t of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证)must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein
25、，who developed the Theory of Relativity arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正确性)of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einsteins ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical
26、 calculations(计算)that may test his investigations.40.What makes a scientist according to the passage？A. The tools he uses.B. His ways of learning.C. The way he uses his tools.D. The various tools he uses.41.“.knowing how to investigate，how to discover information，is important to everyone.” The write
27、r says this to show_.A. the importance of informationB. the difference between scientists and ordinary peopleC. the importance of thinkingD. the difference between carpenters and ordinary people42. A sound scientific theory should be one that_.ZA. works under one set of conditions at one time and al
28、so works under the same conditions at other timesB. doesnt allow any change even under different conditionsC. works under one set of conditions and cant work under the same conditions at other timesD. can be used for many purposes43.What is the main idea of the passage？A. Scientists are different fr
29、om ordinary people.B. The Theory of Relativity.C. Exactness is the core(核心)of science.D. Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.CAlbert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is
30、generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. Whats more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his posit
31、ion and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peaceafraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb（原子弹）tried hard to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research.
32、That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.Although he wasnt connected with any accepted religion（宗教）, Einstein felt that tru
33、st in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”44. From the passa
34、ge we know that .A. no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this centuryB. Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his timeC. Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of AmericaD. Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reaso
35、ns45. If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would .A. have continued his scientific researchB. have won another Nobel Prize for physicsC. not have advised starting uranium research in the U. S. A.D. not have moved to the U. S. A.4
36、6. Einstein in 1933.A. visited England and the U. S. A.B. lost everythingC. became a man without a countryD. both A and C47. Einstein believed that everything in the universe .A. was kept in order by its own lawB. had nothing to do with each otherC. happened in an irregular wayD. was made by the per
37、sonal GodD“Thats funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died.” Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London. He had been studying some germs（细菌）that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesse
38、s that could kill people. Dr Fleming found that a mould（霉菌）had floated in through the window landing on the plate. It had killed some of the germs it had touched.“This certainly looks promising.” Fleming said. “We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”He named the strange
39、mould “penicillin”. It proved to be a killer of many germs. Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected（注射）with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those lived that had been treated with penicillin. Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he ha
40、d found out. Hardly anybody took any notice of it.In 1938 Dr Howard Florey, an Australian working in London, read Dr Flemings report and was very interested. He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.When World War II broke out, it was not possible to make en
41、ough penicillin in England. Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made. It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.48. Dr Alexander Fleming .A. had b
42、een studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill peopleB. had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnessesC. had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plateD. had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to g
43、et better49. Some of the germs on the plate .A. had been killed by a mould floating in through the windowB. had been killing one another, which was a surprise to FlemingC. had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander FlemingD. had been killed by a mould found by another doctor50. The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that .A. they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillinZiyuanku
