1、第2讲 非谓语动词,技巧1 分析句子结构, 辨别“谓与非谓” 【典例】(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long _(see) the benefit.,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分空格处动词为非谓语形式 分析非谓语动词的句法功能空格处为目的状语 尝试解答: _,to see,【技法点金】 铭记非谓语动词的句法功能 1. 非谓语动词句法功能一览表,2. 动词不定式 (1)不定式作主语, 一般用it当形式主语, 把作主语的不定式短语后置。 Its a great pleasure to talk with you. 和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。,(
2、2)非谓语动词如果出现在decide/determine, refuse, hesitate, manage, promise, want, pretend, offer, afford, threaten, plan, agree, choose, expect/wish/hope等后作宾语时, 要想到用不定式。 If I choose to work on other projects in my spare time, I think that is my business. 如果我选择在空闲时间做其他项目, 我认为那是我自己的事情。,(3)非谓语动词如果出现在ask, want, in
3、vite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等后作宾语补足语时, 要想到用不定式。 Father will not allow us to play in the street. 父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。,(4)非谓语动词作定语时, 表示将来时要想到用不定式。 Have you got a letter to write? 你有一封信要写吗?,(5)非谓语动词作目的状语、出乎意料的结果状语或在作表语的某些形容词(表喜、怒、
4、哀、乐)后的原因状语时, 要想到用不定式。 She was surprised to see George walk in. 看到乔治进来, 她很惊讶。,3. 动词-ing与动词-ed形式 (1)非谓语动词作主语或作介词宾语, 要想到用动词-ing形式。 Smoking is prohibited here. 这里禁止抽烟。 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being late for school. 一天早上, 我在公共汽车站等车, 担心上学迟到了。,(2)非谓语动词如果出现在consider (考虑), s
5、uggest/advise, excuse/pardon, admit, delay, fancy (想象, 设想), avoid, miss, keep, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, mind, allow/permit, escape等后作宾语时, 要想到用动词-ing形式。,He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。,(3)非谓语动词作定语时, 表正在进行或主动进行时要想到用动词-ing形式; 表示已经完成或被动完成时
6、要想到用动词-ed形式。 The boy playing in the playground is my brother. 正在操场上玩耍的那个男孩是我弟弟。,The trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road. 在暴风雨中被刮倒的树木已被移出道路。,(4)非谓语动词作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语或意料之中的结果状语时, 如果动词和逻辑主语存在主动关系, 要想到用动词-ing形式; 如果动词和逻辑主语存在被动关系, 要想到用动词-ed形式。,He comes home late every evening, m
7、aking his wife very angry. 他每天晚上回家很晚, 这使他的妻子很生气。(表结果),Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling. 由于出生于贫寒家庭, 纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因),(5)非谓语动词在have, keep, leave, find, catch, send等动词后且表示主动时, 要想到用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语; 在want, like, wish, order, have, make, get, keep, leave, see, hear, find, feel, n
8、otice, observe, watch等动词后且表被动时, 要想到用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。,She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes. 她让我等了二十多分钟。 I will have the machines checked before work. 工作前我会请人把机器检查一下。,(6)非谓语动词作表语, 表示“令人的”, 要想到用动词-ing形式; 表示“主语的感受”, 要想到用动词-ed形式。 The story sounds interesting and Im interested in it. 这个故事听起来很有趣, 我对它很感兴趣。
9、,【过关检测】 Alfred accepted their mistaken judgment of his ability, _ (feel) that it was useless to try, and that he was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected. (2018西安二模)Chinese teahouses are the traditional ancient cafes of the east for getting together, _ (chat) with friends and generally pas
10、sing the time.,feeling,chatting,When you spend a decade _(train) thousands of people from around the world, you really cant help but observe what works in the long run. Now as Im older, I enjoy it as it allows me _ _ (remember) my childhood.,training,to,remember,One day he became very angry with the
11、 teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how _(do) a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve.,to do,Music is one of the most important and powerful things in my life. _ (listen) to music can help motivate me in hard times.,Listening,The teahous
12、e recreates the character of old Beijing, which makes it a must for foreigners, who, from around the world, come to China _ (appreciate) Beijing Opera, drama and other Beijing folk art, as well as drink tea.,to appreciate,(2018正定一模)His anger and his newly _ (find) faith stimulated him to go at arith
13、metic problems with a new spirit. Many people used “World Book Day” _ (express) thanks for his books.,found,to express,(2017全国卷)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.,to proces
14、s,【易错警示】 不定式和动词-ing形式的混淆 Then it hit me why would she not want to tell me about what she has done? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop _(buy) the groceries if I found out?,When my house is on fire, I must act quickly and promptlyI cannot stop _(consider) the possible causes,
15、 nor even to estimate the exact probabilities involved in the various alternative ways of reacting.,【点拨】题填buying。 stop doing sth. 停止做某事; 题填to consider。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。,技巧2 找准逻辑主语, 判断“主动、被动” 【典例】_(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two
16、weeks.,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分空格处动词为非谓语 分析非谓语动词的句法功能作状语逻辑主语是II与wonder之间为主动关系 尝试解答: _,Wondering,【技法点金】 通晓逻辑主语的作用 1. 确定非谓语动词用动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式 若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系, 则用动词-ing形式; 若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系, 则用动词-ed形式。,Travelling around the city, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise. 在城市里旅游, 这个男士因为噪音而感觉不舒服。 Seri
17、ously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once. 由于受伤严重, 她需要立刻被送往医院。,2. 确定非谓语动词用主动语态还是被动语态 如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用主动式; 若为动宾关系则用被动式。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 明天要举行的会议很重要。,I still remembered being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 我仍然记得被带到法门寺和我在那里
18、所看到的一切。,【过关检测】 (2018龙泉一模) Reading classic literature _ (write) by native speakers can improve your English language skills in several ways. In their experiments they found phones _ (sit) on a desk or even in a pocket or handbag would distract (使分心) users and lead to worse test scores.,written,sittin
19、g,When you know why you dont like school, you can set about _(take) steps to make things better. (2018南充一模) Bzeek is the only foster parent in the county _ (know) to take in children with incurable diseases.,taking,known,With the rapid spread of western cultures, a _ (grow) number of Chinese people
20、prefer western holidays to traditional ones. Besides, the conversation between Miguel and his great-grandmother, Coco (from whom this movie gets its title) is heartwarming, _ (make) everyone sobbing.,growing,making,(2018合肥二模) The Water Splashing (泼) Festival of the Dai ethnic minority(少数民族) falls on
21、 April 13th to April 16th. It is the most important festival _(observe) by the Dai people in the Dehong area of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province.,observed,They work by _(make) the immune system function well and also promote the well-being of the body before any illness sets in. (2018六安一模) The last da
22、y is usually for the young people to play games as a way _(express) their love for each other.,making,to express,(2018桂林二模) In the heavens there was a real dragon. It was very happy _(hear) that Ye Gong was so fond of dragons.,to hear,【易错警示】 非谓语动词的时态把握不准 (2016浙江高考改编) To return to the problem of wate
23、r pollution, Id like you to look at a study _(conduct) in Australia in 2012. (变式) To learn more about the problem of water pollution, there will be a further study _(conduct) next month.,【点拨】题中conduct表示的动作是在2012年就完成的动作, 即, 具有完成和被动两个主要特征, 所以填conducted。题中的conduct是发生在下个月的动作, 即, 具有将来和被动两个主要特征, 所以要填to be
24、 conducted。,技巧3 关注词性转换, 牢记固定搭配 【典例】(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分 空格处动词为非谓语 分析非谓语的句法作用尝试翻译句子avoid doing为固定搭配 尝试解答: _,looking,【技法点金】 熟记非谓语动词在固定短语中的运用 (1)非谓语动词出现在下列短语be/get used to, look forward to,
25、feel like, insist on, get down to (开始认真做某事), devote. . . to. . . , object to, stick to, give up, cant help(忍不住做某事)等后作宾语时, 要想到用动词-ing形式。,Its time that I got down to thinking about that essay. 我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。,(2)非谓语动词出现在have fun/difficulty/trouble/a good time/a hard time/problems(in), spend/waste time(
26、in), 介词on/upon等后作宾语时, 要想到用动词-ing形式。 Upon reaching the school gate, the lorry skidded and broke a tyre. 一到达学校门口, 货车打滑了, 轮胎爆了。,(3)有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构: considering that鉴于, 考虑到; judging by/from从来看; supposing/providing/provided/assuming that. . . 假定, 假设; compared with/to与相比; generally speaking一般来说; to be h
27、onest老实说; to tell you the truth说实话; to be frank坦率地说; to make matters worse情况更为糟糕的是。,(4)短语be known as, be addicted to, be lost in, be absorbed in, be accustomed to, be faced with, be stuck in, be caught in, be satisfied with, be interested in, be dressed in, be tired of, be located in等作状语、定语或宾语补足语时,
28、去掉be, 用动词-ed形式。 Caught in the heavy rain, he couldnt attend the meeting on time. 遭遇大雨, 他不能准时参加会议。,The Yangtze River, known in China as the Chang Jiang, is the longest river in Asia and the longest river in the world to flow entirely within one country. The Yangtze River, 在中国被称为长江, 是亚洲最长的河流, 也是世界上全部流
29、经一个国家的最长的河流。,(5)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较: The old woman used to tell stories under the tall tree, with her grandchildren seated around and listening attentively. 那位老太太过去常常在那棵大树下讲故事, 她的孙儿们会围坐在周围专注地听着。,With five professional hands to help them next month, these students are sure to complete the experiment on
30、 time. 下月有五个专业人员帮助他们, 这些学生肯定能按时完成这个实验。,(6)若非谓语动词在下列结构中, 则只能用不定式: so. . . as to. . . ; such. . . as to. . . ; enough to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; the+序数词/next/only/last+名词+to do. . . 以及it+takes+时间+to do sth. 等结构。 Yet it is amazing that the film is funny enough to earn laughter from beginning to end.
31、然而令人吃惊的是, 这部电影如此可笑以至于从头到尾都有笑声。,【过关检测】 (2018长春一模) We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop _ (smoke). It taught me a lot of necessary things in life many people dont bother to appreciate until theyre _ (miss).,smoking,missing,It is true. Besides, music can have a comforti
32、ng effect when we are _ (worry) and help us step out of difficulty.,worried,The Northern Essex Community College (NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring break in New York City, helping repair an area _ (destroy) by the hurricane.,destroyed,(2018天水二模) We look for weight l
33、oss programmes that dont require us to count calories or give up our favorite foods, and exercise programmes that wont make us sweat too much or feel _(tire).,tired,Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building _(lie) all over the place. The stud
34、y also found response speeds to be affected, with students who had their phone on the desk _ (respond) more slowly in high-pace tests.,lying,responding,(2018开封一模) After five years research, a professor and his assistant became _ (convince) that the stone was most likely an anchor or other device fro
35、m an ancient shipwreck, possibly dating as far back as 2, 000 years.,convinced,It is high time for the government and all people _(take) action to protect our traditional culture. (2018钦州一模) My wife Milan joked later and said, “That was nice of you _(give) away my butter tart. ” I laughed and said t
36、hat we could share mine!,to take,to give,【易错警示】 混淆非谓语动词的习惯用法 (2017上海高考)Steve Brusatte led the study. He said the new species had hundreds of sharp teeth. It looks somehow “strange” _(compare) to anything today.,We two black boys stood staring at each other, _(compare) the motives of the absent white man.,【点拨】题中空格处的句意是“与现今任何事比起来”, 并不表示这个动作真正发生了, compared to 为固定搭配。题中空格处意思是“琢磨/衡量着那位不在场的白人的动机”, 表示具体的动作, 与所在句子主语为主动关系, 所以填comparing。,
