1、Grammar & Writing,观察感悟 it的用法 1.Sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists，I am never bored.(分词作方式状语) 2.Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(分词作时间状语) 3.Havin
2、g worked hard all day，I went to bed early.(分词作时间状语) 4.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didnt take much notice.(分词作原因状语) 5.Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory，we put them on before we went any closer.(分词作时间状语),知 识 梳 理,.完成句子 1._(因为是寒假)，a number o
3、f students were busy. 2._(如果给予更多的时间)，I could have done it better than expected. 3._(到达学校后)，I found my school bag lost. 4._(对这一地区造成巨大危害后)，the storm left. 5.We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs, _(想着孩子们都喜欢这些东西). 答案 1.It being the winter holiday 2.Having been offered more ti
4、me 3.Having got to the school 4.Having caused a lot of damage to this area 5.thinking that all children like these things,.用所给词的适当形式填空 1._ (see) from the mountain，we can see the river running through the city. 2.I am looking forward to _ (see) you again. 3.The boy was lucky enough to escape _ (punis
5、h). 4.I apologize to you for _ (not tell) you the truth immediately. 5.Its no use _ (try) to make me believe you. 6.The bottle _ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory. 7._ (lose) her new bicycle made Mary so upset.,8._ (receive) a reply，he decided to write again. 9.We watched the army _ (m
6、arch) down the street towards the park. 10.Toms _ (attend) the meeting made everyone there very happy. 11.The teacher asked me _ (hand) in my homework. 12.We dont allow _ (smoke)，so you must go to the smoking room. 13.We dont allow you _ (smoke) here.,14.Nobody is allowed _ (smoke) here. 15._ (inter
7、est) in the Koories for many years，I decided to learn their language. 答案 1.Seeing 2.seeing 3.being punished 4.not telling 5.Trying 6.containing 7.Losing 8.Not having received 9.marching 10.attending 11.to hand 12.smoking 13.to smoke 14.to smoke 15.Having been interested,.用非谓语动词把下面复合句和并列句改成简单句 1.Sinc
8、e I dont know her address，I cant get in touch with her._ 2.We have come here in order that we can improve our English._ 3.They came into the room and they were singing and talking._ 4.When she heard the news，she couldnt help laughing._,5.After he closed the windows，he went home._ 6.When we had finis
9、hed the work，we went out to play._ 7.If the weather permits，well go out on an outing._ 8.That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry._,答案 1.Not knowing her address，I cant get in touch with her. 2.To improve our English，we have come here. 3.They came into the room，singing and talking. 4
10、.Hearing the news，she couldnt help laughing. 5.Having closed the windows，he went home. 6.Having finished the work，we went out to play. 7.Weather permitting，well go out on an outing. 8.Sams coming to school late made his teacher quite angry.,【知识链接】 v.-ing的用法 根据v.-ing形式在句中所作成分的不同，可分为动名词和现在分词。当v.-ing 在
11、句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语时，叫作动名词，这时v.-ing 具有名词或形容词特征。当v.-ing 在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语时，叫作现在分词，这时v.-ing 具有形容词，副词和动词特征。v.-ing形式作表语和定语时，如何区分是动名词还是现在分词？,1.动名词和现在分词作表语动名词作表语时，表示一般的概念，其主语多为抽象名词(wish，need)。如：Her job is looking after the patients.(动名词作表语)她的工作是照顾病人。现在分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词，表示“令人”。如：The situation here is inspi
12、ring.(现在分词作表语)这里的形势令人鼓舞。,2.动名词和现在分词作定语动名词做定语常说明所修饰词表示某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：a washing machinea machine which is used for washing 洗衣机a reading rooma room for reading阅览室现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作，单个的现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词的前面，短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面，只用一般式。如：the rising sunthe sun which is rising 正在升起的太阳a moving moviea film which i
13、s moving people感人的电影The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river.The bridge which is being built now.(being done表示正在被建)现在正在建造的大桥是跨这条河的第三座了。,3.动名词作主语动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为。如：Climbing mountains is great fun.爬山是非常有趣的事。动名词短语作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词短语置于句尾。常见于少数句型有：,4.动名词作宾语常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词有(口诀)：避免
14、错过 (少) 延期 avoid/miss/delay;建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest/advise/finish/practise;喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/cant help；承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit/deny/envy；逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape/risk/pardon/excuse；忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand/keep/keep on/mind。,写 作 点 拨,.满分作文赏析 外宾要来学校参观，请用英语写一篇能说明学校情况的介绍，内容包括： 1.学校概况：建于1957年，现有36个班级、1
15、00余名教师、近两千名学生； 2.教学情况：学生能努力学习，积极参加各项活动，互相帮助、互相学习；教师对工作认真负责，对学生态度和蔼；,3.学校近年来的变化：新建了教学大楼和实验楼各一栋，现在比以前漂亮多了。,【范文“悦”读】 Our school was built in 1957.Now there are 36 classes，more than one hundred teachers and nearly two thousand students.In our school，we all work hard at our lessons and take an active par
16、t in all kinds of activities(活动).We help each other and learn from each other.The teachers are strict in teaching and very kind to us. We have built a classroom building，a lab and a small garden in front of the No.1 Teaching Building in the past few years.Now our school is much more beautiful than b
17、efore.,.作文仿写 假设你是李华，暑假期间你们将组织由外国学生参加的中国城市多元文化之旅活动“Discovering China”，你刚到北京的美国朋友Tom来信询问活动有关事宜。请你根据以下要点，给他写一封回信： 1.活动目的； 2.日程安排：(1)时间：一周；(2)路线：昆明井冈山上海苏杭； 3.发出邀请。 注意：1.词数80左右；开头已经给出，不计入总词数； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。,Dear Tom，From your letter I know its the first time for you to be in my country and you are eag
18、er to know what China is really like.Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua,【参考范文】 Dear Tom， From your letter I know its the first time for you to be in my country and you are eager to know what China is really like.Im glad to tell you that an exploring trip titled “Discovering China” is to be organized in the
19、summer vacation.I think its a good chance for you to learn more about China.I hope you can experience Chinese culture in every aspect.,First，well fly to Kunming，a popular tourist destination for its beauty and mild temperature.Then well head for Jinggangshan，which is a former revolutionary base as w
20、ell as a natural beauty spot.After a one-day visit there，well board a downstream ship on the Yangtze River to Shanghai，and meanwhile we can enjoy the great scenery alongside.A famous saying goes，“Just as there is paradise in heaven，there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth”， so a two-day visit to these
21、 two cities is a must.The whole trip will last a week. I earnestly invite you to join us. Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua,写作方法指导 时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时 在写作过程中，作者可以按空间位置顺序，由远及近，由上及下，由外到内，由前到后组织材料；也可以按视线转移的顺序组织材料，先看到的先写，后看到的后写。 无论是描写人物、事物、景色，还是别的现象，最好不要面面俱到，也不要作泛泛描述，应该选择典型情节和特征，或是有别于他人、他事的特点和事实进行重点描写。,高分策略 写作要注意突
22、出主题，要注意组织语言，可以先写衬托主题的内容，最后揭示主题。这样文章结构既紧凑又有层次感，同时也能顺理成章地表达作者的态度与观点。 注意使用高级词汇及相关关联词，能使用短语的时候尽量使用短语，当然有时候也要根据情况而定，例如in addition 与additionally，副词的使用可能会更生色。 注意使用强调句、倒装句、定语从句或名词性从句，独立主格结构的适当运用可能会使语言更简洁。,常用句式 1.A be located in/lie in/to the east of B 2.cover an area of. 3.A be surrounded by B 4.has a popul
23、ation of. 5.has a long history of/with a long history of 6.As is known to all，. 7.consist of/be made up of 8.a variety of./various 9.be famous/well-known for.,10.have a good time/enjoy oneself 11.It has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. 12.pay a visit to./visit 13.One more thing you shouldnt miss is. 14.sth is well worth visiting 15.You will find it (is) a city of great fun. 16.With its pleasant climate，rich natural resources and picturesque scenery，.is one of the major tourist cities in China.,
