1、Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,Part Language Focus,.单词自测,1. n.邮箱n.邮递员 2. n.娱乐，消遣vt.使开心，使发笑adj.有趣的，令人发笑的,mailbox,mailman,amusement,amuse,amusing,3. n.身份n.身份证明vt.认出，识别 4. adj.荒唐的，怪诞的,identity,identification,identify,absurd,.短语默写,1._ 熬夜 2._ 讲笑话 3._ 毫无疑问 4.cheer sb up _ 5.would rather _ 6.rat
2、her than _ 7.look forward to doing sth _,stay up,tell jokes,no doubt,使某人振奋,宁愿,而不是,盼望做某事,1.doubt n& vt.怀疑；不相信 语境感悟,(1)(教材P7)I have no doubt he will succeed. 我毫不怀疑他将会成功。 (2)She doubts whether shell be successful. 她怀疑她能否成功。 (3)I have some doubt whether he will win the prize. 我怀疑他是否会获奖。 (4)There is no d
3、oubt that he will succeed eventually. 毫无疑问他最终将会成功。,归纳拓展 have no doubt (that).毫不怀疑 There is no doubt that.毫无疑问 There is some doubt whether.怀疑是否 have some doubt whether.怀疑是否 without/beyond doubt无疑地；确实地 sb doubts/doubted whether/if.某人怀疑,即时跟踪 完成句子 这无疑是我们迄今最有用的一次会议。 This meeting has been，_，the most usefu
4、l we have had so far. 约翰能否按时来还很难说。 _John will come on time.,without doubt,There is some doubt whether,2.persuade vt.说服，劝服；使相信语境感悟,(1)(教材P9)Im so glad I have persuaded you to apologize to Rachel. 我很高兴能够劝服你向雷切尔道歉。 (2)We persuaded her into taking the job. 我们说服她接受了这份工作。 (3)I tried to persuade him not to
5、 drive too fast，but he wouldnt listen. 我努力劝说他不要开太快，可他就是不听。 (4)I persuaded him of its truth. 我使他相信这是真的。,归纳拓展 persuade sb to do sthpersuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sthpersuade sb out of doing sth说服某人不做某事 persuade sb of sth使某人信服某事 try to persuade sb to do sthadvise sb to do sth劝说
6、某人做某事,即时跟踪 完成句子 那位年轻人被说服放弃了那种错误的想法。 The young man _ the wrong idea. 他们设法让我们相信报道是真实的。 They _ the truth of the report.,was persuaded out of,tried to persuade us of,Dont let yourself be _ into buying things you dont want. A.expressed B.organized C.persuaded D.preferred,解析 句意：不要被说服去买那些你不想买的东西。persuade s
7、b into doing sth说服某人做某事，此处为其被动语态形式。express表达；organize组织，成立；prefer更喜欢，均不符合句意。 答案 C,His friends _ him to see a doctor，but he refused all of them. A.persuaded B.advised C.insisted Dsuggested,解析 句意：他的朋友劝他去看医生，但他都拒绝了。advise sb to do sth等于try to persuade sb to do sth意为“劝说某人做某事”；insist和suggest后不能接sb to do
8、sth。 答案 B,3.discourage vt.劝阻，阻止；使失去信心，使泄气语境感悟,(1)(教材P11)Mom discourages me from chatting online.妈妈阻止我网聊。 (2)The difficult work discouraged Alan and he left school. 过难的功课使艾伦失去了信心，他退学了。 (3)But instead of seeing the setback as something discouraging，just accept it as a part of the journey. 把挫折看作是你人生旅途的
9、一部分，而不是把它视为令人沮丧的东西。 (4)Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult. 如果练习太难，学习者就可能感到气馁。,归纳拓展 (1)discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 (2)discouraging adj.令人气馁的 discouraged adj.气馁的，沮丧的,即时跟踪 完成句子 如果在学习中遇到了困难，不要沮丧。 If you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont _. It is generall
10、y accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.We ought to be focusing on _ kids from smoking. A.discouraging B.inspiring C.persuading D.encouraging,be discouraged,解析 句意：吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。我们应把重点放在劝孩子们不要吸烟上。discourage sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”。根据句意选A项。 答案 A,1.stay up深夜不睡觉，熬夜；挺住语境感悟,(1)(教材P7)We stay
11、 up at night and talk about many things. 我们晚上熬夜一起聊许多事情。 (2)Strong houses may stay up through the earthquake. 坚固的房子可能会在地震中保存下来。 (3)He started staying out late，drinking. 他开始夜不归宿，在外面喝酒。,归纳拓展 stay at停留在 stay out待在外面，不在家；继续罢工 stay behind留下来不走，留在后面 stay away from离远点，躲避,即时跟踪 完成句子 我在信中告诉她，她可以和我们住在一起。 In my
12、letter，I told her that _. 我很高兴他正在戒烟。 Im glad hes _. 聚会结束之后，他们留下来帮忙收拾。 They _ after the party to help clear up.,she could stay with us,staying away from smoking,stayed behind,He has left out the most important reason why he _ last night. A.stayed up B.put up C.picked up D.kept up,解析 句意：他遗漏了昨晚熬夜的最重要的原
13、因。stay up 熬夜；put up张贴，支起；pick up捡起，接收，加速；keep up持续，保持。 答案 A,e up with想出，提出(主意、答案等)语境感悟,(1)(教材P7)See how many positive and negative adjectives that describe personality you can come up with. 看一看你能够想出多少描述个性的积极的和消极的形容词。 (2)Written stories are frozen voices that come to life when we read them. 当我们阅读书面形式
14、的故事时，就是让冰冷的声音恢复生命力。 (3)The meeting didnt come to an end until midnight. 会议直到午夜才结束。,归纳拓展 come to life活跃起来，恢复生气 come to an end结束 come into power/office上台 come into use开始应用 come up to走近；达到，比得上 come across偶然遇到 come out出版；出来；开花；发表,即时跟踪 用适当的介、副词填空 This piece of work does not come up _ your usual standard.
15、 It was not until the Second World War that jet planes came _ use. Your most recent book came _ last year. Several of the members have come up _ suggestions of their own.,to,into,out,with,Is this your necklace，Mary？I _ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. A.came across B.dealt with C.lo
16、oked after D.went for,解析 句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我在清理浴室时意外发现了它。come across偶遇，意外发现，符合句意。deal with处理，对付；look after照顾；go for适用于。 答案 A,3.all the time 一直；始终语境感悟,(1)(教材P9)Jane is hardworking and seems to try her best all the time. 简学习勤奋而且似乎一直在尽其所能。 (2)If you cant arrive there on time，you should warn them. 如果你不能
17、按时到达，应该预先通知他们。 (3)If you want much more information，get in touch with them in time. 如果你想得到更多的信息，请与他们及时联系。,归纳拓展 on time按时 in time及时；总有一天 in no time马上 at the same time同时；尽管如此 at one time一度；过去曾经 at all times总是；随时；永远,即时跟踪 用time的相关短语完成句子 _ I used to go skiing every winter. Dont worry，youll get your figur
18、e back _. The letter I was searching for was in my pocket _. She was laughing and crying _. No man is wise _.,At one time,in no time,all the time,at the same time,at all times,The two girls had been talking in _ low voice all _ time during the meeting，which upset the manager. A.a；/ B./；/ C./；the D.a
19、；the,解析 句意：这两个女生一直在会议期间低声交谈，使经理感到心烦。in a low voice低声地；all the time一直。 答案 D,1.not only.but also.,语境感悟 (1)(教材P6)He is not only polite，but also openminded and humorous，so everyone likes him. 他不仅有礼貌，而且心胸宽广，也不失幽默，所以大家都很喜欢他。 (2)Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影
20、片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。 (3)He not only washed the car，but polished it too/as well. 他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。,归纳拓展 (1)not only.but also.不仅而且，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语 (2)当not only.but also.连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致 (3)为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时后接的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式 (4)also有时可以省略，或将also换成too或as well(置于句末),即时跟踪 完成句子 不仅那位老师，还有学生们都反对该项
21、计划。 Not only the teacher _ against the plan.,but also the students were,The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only _，but students became more interested in the lessons. A.saved was teachers energy B.was teachers energy saved C.teachers energy was saved D.was saved teachers energy,解析 句意：计
22、算机应用于教学。结果，不仅教师节省了精力，而且学生对课程更感兴趣。not only放在句首作状语时，句子需要部分倒装。 答案 B,2.would rather do A than do B,语境感悟 (1)(教材P9)You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic! 你知道我宁愿去看牙科医生也不愿去学代数和算术！ (2)She would rather go with us than stay behind. 她宁愿和我们一起去也不愿意留下来。 (3)I would rather you d
23、id it now. 我宁愿你现在就做这件事。,归纳拓展 (1)本句是简单句，would rather do.than do.宁可也不 (2)would rather宾语从句，表示“宁愿(某人)做某事”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，一般过去时表示对现在或将来动作的虚拟；过去完成时表示过去要做而实际没有做的动作,即时跟踪 完成句子 他们宁愿把他们的业余时间花在电视或者是网上也不愿读书。 They would rather _. 我宁愿你昨天晚上就把这个消息告诉她。 I would rather you _ last night.,spend their spare time on TV or on t
24、he Internet than read,had told her the news,She _ at home watching TV than _ out to play with me. A.would rather to stay；to go B.would rather stay；go C.would rather stay；to go D.would rather to stay；go,解析 句意：她宁愿待在家里看电视也不愿和我出去玩。would rather do A than do B意为“宁愿做A也不愿做B”，故选B。 答案 B,注意：表达“宁愿做而不愿做”的其他结构还有：
25、 prefer to do.rather than do. prefer doing.to doing. do.rather than do. do.instead of doing.,动词不定式和动名词,动词不定式,Part Grammar,一、动词不定式的句法功能1.作主语,动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：,(1)把动词不定式置于句首。 To blame the worker will not make up for the loss. 责备那个工人弥补不了损失。,(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末。 Its absurd to make
26、that remark on the scientific conclusion. 对这一科学结论做出那样的评论是荒唐的。,2.作宾语,动词不定式作宾语经常跟在下列动词后面：afford(负担得起)，choose(选择)，attempt(企图)，agree(同意)，arrange(安排)，promise(承诺)，refuse(拒绝)，want(想要)，intend(打算)，manage(设法)，plan(计划)，pretend(假装)，determine(决定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘记)，remember(记着)等。,Our boss agreed to hire anoth
27、er ten workers to finish the work on time. 我们老板同意雇用另外10个工人以按时完成这一工作。 He pretended to master French.In fact，he knew nothing of it. 他假装精通法语，其实他对此一窍不通。,3.作宾语补足语,英语中有些动词能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语。若句子变为被动句，那么原先作宾语补足语的动词不定式就相应地成为主语补足语了。 (1)能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：advise，allow，persuade，encourage，cause，force，forbid，requir
28、e，expect，order等。 Allow me to introduce my impression of the beast. 允许我介绍一下我对这一野兽的印象。,(2)believe，consider，declare，feel，find，imagine，judge，know，prove，suppose，think 等动词后可接to be型动词不定式作宾语补足语。 The young man declared himself to be one member of the circus. 那个年轻人自称是马戏团的一员。 注意：hope，demand，suggest 等动词后不能接动词不定
29、式作宾语补足语。 4.作表语 动词不定式往往放在连系动词be的后面作表语(become，sound，taste等连系动词后面一般不接动词不定式)，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构中：My wish/job/aim/goal is . 及The next step/measure is .等。,My wish is to become a biologist or an editor. 我的愿望是成为一名生物学家或者一名编辑。 The next step is to prevent the quarrel from becoming worse. 下一步是阻止争吵变
30、得更糟。 5.作定语 动词不定式常常放在名词(如ability，chance，way等)或不定代词后面作后置定语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则该动词不定式要用被动式。,Do you have anything to do tonight？你今晚有什么事要做吗？(主动) I am going to Changsha tomorrow.Do you have anything to be taken there? 明天我要去长沙。你有什么东西要捎去吗？(被动) 学法点拨 在the first，the second，the
31、third，the last 等之后，或由the first，the second，the third，the last 等或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，常接动词不定式作定语。 Who was the first to put forward such good advice? 谁是第一个提出这么好的建议的人？ The last one to come should be blamed. 最后来的人应受责备。,6.作状语 (1)动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因或结果等。作结果状语时，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，动词不定式要放在句子后面。 Ive come to apologize t
32、o you.我来是为了向你道歉的。(目的) Im lucky to keep pace with you.赶上你我很幸运。(原因) We hurried to reach the station only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆地到达车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。(结果),(2)动词不定式作目的状语的常用结构有：only to do(仅仅为了)，in order to do，so as to do，so/such. as to. (如此以便)。 That spy went to the navy base so as to moni
33、tor the navys movement. 那个间谍去海军基地以便监视海军的举动。 That master of Chinese arts crafts went there in order to get enough clay. 那位中国工艺美术大师去那儿是为了获取足够的陶土。 I added some liquid to the bottle only to see how the chemicals reacted. 我往瓶子里加了一些液体只是为了看看化学品是如何反应的。,(3)动词不定式作结果状语的常用结构有：never to do 再也没有做，so形容词/副词as to. ，s
34、uch名词短语as to .，only to.竟然(表示与所预料的相反的结果)，形容词/副词enough to.足够以至于，too. to. 太而不能。 He was in such a hurry as not to button his jacket. 他如此匆忙，以至于连夹克衫的纽扣都没有系上。,He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头竟然砸了自己的脚。 The girl was too sensitive to the criticism to focus her mind on her work. 这个女孩对批评
35、很敏感，以至于不能集中精力干活。 注意：only to do sth与only doing sth 都可作结果状语，区别是：only to do sth 表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果，或用来暗示最初的愿望未能实现；only doing sth 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果，这种结果是自然的、合乎逻辑的。,I worked hard，only to fail at last. 我努力工作，最后却失败了。 He died，only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了，只留下一堆债务。,二、动词不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式：to do/to be do
36、ne 动词不定式的一般式表示的动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。 He seems to know this. 他看起来知道这件事。(动作同时发生) I hope to see you again.(I hope that Ill see you again.) 我希望再次见到你。(发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后),2.进行式：to be doing 动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 他看起来正在吃东西。 3.完成式：to have done/to have
37、been done 动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起，给你添了那么多麻烦。,4.完成进行式：to have been doing 动词不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之前一直在进行的动作。 She is known to have been dealing with the problems for many years. 大家知道她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。 注意：动词不定式的语态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语与这个动词不定式有被动关系，不定式一般要用被动语态。,
38、Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party. 被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。 注意：某些动词如to let，to blame(负有责任)等用主动式表被动含义。 The apartment is to let.这套公寓要出租。 Who is to blame for it？这得怪谁？,三、不带to的动词不定式 1.let/make/have sb do 在let，make，have等使役动词之后的“宾语作宾语补足语的动词不定式”结构中，不定式符号to须省略。但是当make，have等用于被动语态的时候， 后面的
39、to要还原。let通常不用于被动语态。 She avoids making you feel awkward. 她避免让你感觉尴尬。 The teacher has us write a composition every week. 老师让我们每周写一篇作文。,2.hear/see/feel/watch . sb do 在hear，see，feel，watch，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词(词组)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但是当这些词(词组)用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式不能省略to。 I never saw him speak like that.
40、 我从未看到过他那样说话。 The person was seen to enter the shop by us. 我们看见那个人进了那家商店。(不能省略to),3.would rather/had better/why not do 在would rather/had better/why not等词后的动词不定式通常省略to。 We would rather rent the house than buy it outright. 我们宁可租这幢房子，也不愿一次性付款买下它。 Hed rather chat than play football outside. 他宁愿聊天，也不愿出去踢
41、足球。 You had better go there at once.你最好立即去那里。 Now that you are moving into a new apartment，why not buy some new furniture? 既然你要搬进一套新的公寓，为什么不买一些新家具呢？,You can get another phone card for free if you buy one.Why not buy one? 这种电话卡买一送一，为什么不买一张呢？ 4.由and/or/except/but/rather than连接的第二个动词不定式常省略to 由and/or/ex
42、cept/but/rather than连接两个及两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的动词不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。但是如果两个动词不定式表示对照或对比，则不能省略to。 Id like to stay with you，help you and learn from you. 我想留下和你一起，帮助你并且向你学习。,She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back. 她告诉我们待在家里一直等到她回来。 To try and fail is better than not to try at all.尝试后失败比一点儿也不尝试好
43、。 He hasnt decided whether to go or to stay.他还没有决定是去还是留。,动名词,一、动名词的句法功能 1.作主语 动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Protecting endangered animals like whales is our duty. 保护像鲸这样的濒危动物是我们的职责。 Arguing with a woman like her is of no use. 和她那样的女人争吵是没用的。,2.作动词宾语 The boy hasnt admitted making a terrible mistake. 那个男孩
44、还没有承认他犯了一个可怕的错误。 3.作介词宾语 That hospital insisted on supplying medical aid for free to the injured. 那家医院坚持向那些伤员提供免费的医疗救助。 4.作表语 动名词(短语)作表语通常放在连系动词be之后。句子主语一般是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语和主语是对等的关系时，两者的位置往往可以互换。,Her job is teaching.(Teaching is her job.) 她的工作是教学。 What he hates most is being laughed at. 他
45、最痛恨的是被嘲笑。 5.作定语 动名词(短语)作定语修饰名词，表示该名词的性质、功能、用途等。 He cant walk without a walking stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？,二、只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词,英语中有些动词只能接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语。常见的有：admit，dislike，imagine，delay，consider(考虑)，mind，avoid，enjoy，practise，miss，finish，keep，suggest，recomme
46、nd等。 I dislike being the centre of attention. 我不喜欢成为注意力的焦点。,三、只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词短语,英语中有些动词短语只能接动名词或名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常见的有：cannot help(禁不住)，look forward to，feel like，cannot stand，put off等。 We look forward to seeing that gifted musician. 我们期望见到那位有天赋的音乐家。 I cannot stand being with her any longer. 我再也不能容忍
47、和她在一起。,四、接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大的动词,英语中有些动词接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大，常见的有：continue，prefer，begin，hate，like，start，love等。 When I cant fall asleep，I dont take pills.I prefer to read a book.It helps. 我睡不着时不是吃药，而是喜欢读书，这管用。 I prefer living on the east coast rather than the west coast of the country. 我更喜欢住在这个国家的东海岸而不是西海岸
48、。 注意：love，hate，like 等表示好恶的动词，用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而用动词不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。,五、接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别较大的动词,(1)forget to do sth 表示“忘记做某事(未做)”；forget doing sth 表示“忘记做过某事(已做过或已发生)”。 Dont forget to prepare for the biology quiz next week.不要忘了为下周的生物测验做准备。 He forgot telling me the importance of making plans in gardening. 他忘记告诉过我在园艺工作中制定规划的重要性了。 (2)remember to do sth 表示“记得做某事(未做或晚于remember发生)”；remember doing sth 表示“记得做过某事(已做过或已发生)”。,
