1、语法专题（十二） 简单句,PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,【中考考点】 （1）陈述句的概念及其结构变化。 （2）疑问句的分类及其答语。 （3）感叹句的结构及感叹引导词what和how的正确使用。 （4）there be句型的基本用法。 （5）连词成句。,考点一 陈述句,陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。 1.陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型 （1）主语+系动词+表语 English is very easy. 英语很容易。 He looks tired. 他看上去累了。 （2）主语+不及物动词 The students work very
2、hard.学生们学习很努力。 （3）主语+及物动词+宾语 She likes the flowers. 她喜欢这些花。 Dad bought a car. 父亲买了一辆小汽车。,（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（间接宾语是人,直接宾语是物） 注意 带双宾语的及物动词,如果直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,间接宾语前必须加to或for,构成“主语+及物动语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”句型。 “七给”（give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand）和“一带”（bring）,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加to;buy, draw, make在直接宾语前置
3、时,必须在后面加for。 She sent me a present. =She sent a present me. 她给我寄了一份礼物。 My father bought me a bike. =My father bought a bike me. 我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。,to,for,【巧学妙记】 带双宾语的及物动词口诀: “七给”“一带”“to”不少,“买”“画”“制作”“for”来了。 （5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 The teacher asked the students to listen carefully in class. 老师要求学生们上课认真听讲。,2
4、.陈述句的否定句式 （1）be动词+not （2）情态动词/助动词+not+动词原形 I didnt get up at six oclock this morning. 今天早上六点我没有起床。 （3）no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neithernor, none 等词构成否定句。 I can hardly believe his story. 我几乎不相信他的故事。 （4）think, believe, suppose等词的否定前移的用法。 I dont think he will come tomorrow. 我认为他明天
5、不会来。 （5）“tooto”句型本身具有否定的含义。 She is too young to go to school. 她太小,还不能去上学。,考点二 疑问句,1.一般疑问句 （1）一般疑问句主要有三种结构: Be+主语+其他? 助动词+主语+动词原形+其他? 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? （2）一般疑问句的回答用yes或者no。 （3）否定疑问句的答语 否定疑问句通常以“be动词/情态动词/助动词+not”的缩写形式开头,表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语形式和汉语表达习惯不同。 Arent you a student? 你不是一名学生吗? / 不,我是。/是的,我不是。,Yes, I
6、 am,No, I am not.,2.特殊疑问句 常见的疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose;常见的疑问副词有when, where, why, how。 特殊疑问句的一般语序为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。 注意 如果特殊疑问词在特殊疑问句中作主语,此特殊疑问句要用陈述语序。 3.选择疑问句 选择疑问句有两种:“一般疑问句+备选项”和“特殊疑问句+备选项”。 Would you like some juice or tea? 你想要些果汁还是茶? Neither. 都不要。 Which would you like, tea or coffee? 你想要哪样,
7、茶还是咖啡?,考点三 感叹句,a beautiful flower it is! 它是一朵多么漂亮的花啊!good news it is! 多好的消息啊!fine the weather is! 多么好的天气呀!fast Jim runs! 吉姆跑得多么快啊!time flies! 时光飞逝!,What,What,How,How,How,【巧学妙记】 感叹句,并不难, what, how放句前; 名词词组跟what, how与形副紧相连。,考点四 祈使句,Have a good holiday! （祝你）假日愉快! Be careful when you cross the road. 当你过
8、马路时要当心。 Lets have a rest. 让我们休息一下吧。 No parking! 禁止停车!,考点五 there be句型,there be 句型表示“某处有某物”,主语是be动词后面的名词。be动词必须和后面的主语保持人称和数的一致。如果有两个或两个以上的主语时,be动词遵循“就近一致”原则,即与邻近的主语保持一致。其常见结构为:There+be+主语+地点.a river near our school. 我们学校附近有一条河。a ruler and two pencils on the desk. 课桌上有一把尺子和两支铅笔。,There is,There is,A 201
9、8河北 1.it, outside, hot, is? 2.on time, to, remember, arrive. 3.for lunch, we, what, do, have ? 4.a cup of, Lucy, me, tea, brought. 5.your, beautiful, are, how, kites!,Is it hot outside,Remember to arrive on time,What do we have for lunch,Lucy brought me a cup of tea,How beautiful your kites are,B 20
10、17河北 6.birthday, is, gift, what, your? 7.you, us, can, ride, give,a? 8.five, in our group, there, students, are. 9.helps, a, good, you, education, succeed. 10.I, take a walk, think, after, we, supper, should.,What is your birthday gift,Can you give us a ride,There are five students in our group,A go
11、od education helps you succeed,I think we should take a walk after supper,C 2016河北改编 11.picture, is, the, new, third. 12.it, I, yesterday, drew. 13.under the tree, some, there are, children. 14.that man, among, look at, them. 15.popular, a, is, singer, he.,The third picture is new,I drew it yesterda
12、y/Yesterday I drew it,There are some children under the tree,Look at that man among them,He is a popular singer,D 2015河北改编 16.I, went on, yesterday, a trip . 1 7.it, my, was, school trip, first. 18.we, happily, sang, on the way. 19.interesting activities, many, there were. 20.what, we, a, wonderful,
13、 time, had!,I went on a trip yesterday/Yesterday I went on a trip,It was my first school trip,We sang happily on the way/On the way we sang happily,There were many interesting activities,What a wonderful time we had,E 2014河北改编 21.night, did, last, rain, it? 22.your, what, is, shirt, size? 23.gift, h
14、im, birthday, gave, a, I . 24.flowers, what, are, beautiful, they ! 25.tennis, a, Nancy, twice, week, play .,Did it rain last night,What size is your shirt,I gave him a birthday gift,What beautiful flowers they are,Nancy plays tennis twice a week,F 2013河北 26.do, a, have, you, ruler? 27.nice, the, taste, noodles. 28.far, the, how, museum, is? 29.pens, those, her, pass, black. 30.match, a, now, be, TV, football, there, on.,Do you have a ruler,The noodles taste nice,How far is the museum,Pass her those black pens,There is a football match on TV now/Now there is a football match on TV,
