1、考博英语练习题1. Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _ to children diabetes.A. likely B. susceptibleC. influential D. Sustainable2. The accusations we bring against others should be _ ourselves; they should not _ complacency and ea
2、sy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.A. denigration of, excludeB. instructions to. equateC. parodies of. satirizeD. warnings to. justify【翻译练习】1、英译汉参考译文The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors,
3、 such as eating meals together and watching TV. The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality.2、汉译英上海举行的峰会可以促进六国之间的友好合作关系。【参考答案】1.B【句子大意】每日汲取的营养成分，体重和在家锻炼很大程度上决定您的孩子是否容易患上儿童糖尿病。【精析】likely“ 很可能的，合适的” ；susceptible
4、 “易受影响的 ”；influential“有影响的，有势力的” ；sustainable “可以忍受的，足可支撑的” ；故选 B 项。2.D【句子大意】那些对他人的控告应该视为对我们自己的一个警告；我们不能够仅凭自身道德行径就有理由去妄下定论并且骄傲自满。【精析】denigration of 诋毁，贬损； exclude 排除，排斥；instructions 教导，说明；equate使相等，视为平等；parodies of 模仿，效仿；satirize 讽刺，挖苦；Warnings to 警告；justify 证明合法。根据原文，可根据第一句话，首先排除 AC 选项，对他人的控告不能是对自身
5、的一种诋毁，或效仿。故选 D 项。【翻译参考答案】1、英译汉参考译文北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人员说，两个人生活在一起就会一同行动，比如说一块儿吃饭看电视。科学家们还强调，婚姻会带来许多健康方面的好处，比如说少抽烟，死亡率也会降低。2、汉译英参考答案The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties.=1. Dozens of scient
6、ific groups all over the world have been _ the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules.A. chasingB. reachingC. pursuingD. winning2. Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contempl
7、ated is called _.A. insincereB. premiseC. presumptionD. premature【翻译练习】1、英译汉The Wall Street bank said it earned $1bn, or $1.69 a share, in the second quarter, up from $683m, or $1.13 a share, a year earlier. Strong fixed-income trading results offset a sharp drop in debt-underwriting revenue.2、汉译英只有
8、那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。【参考答案】1.C许多世界各地的科学团体一直追求利用太阳光分解水分子这一经济实用方式的目标。【解析】动词词义辨析。chase“追逐，追捕” ；reach“达到，抵达，伸出” ；pursue “继续，追求，追赶” ；win“赢得，在中获胜” 。由关键词 have been“一直在（表示持续状态”及“goal”可推知“追求目标”符合，由此知 C 项正确。2.C【句意】科学家们认为在所有的相关数据被收集、分析和考虑之前轻易得出的结论被称为推定。【解析】名词及形容词词义辨析。insincere“（形容词）不诚实的，虚假的” ；premise“前提，假设
9、” ；presumption“假定，推定” ；premature “早产儿，过早发生的事物” 。由关键词 conclusion“结论”及“before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated”可推知“称为推定”符合，由此知 C 项正确。【翻译参考答案】1、英译汉参考译文这家华尔街银行表示，第二季度它的每股收益为 10 亿美元，合每股 1.69 美元，高于上年同期的 6.83 亿美元，即每股 1.13 美元。强劲的固定收益交易业绩抵消了债券承销收入的大幅下降。2、汉译英参考答案Only those who
10、 are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.=1. The Chinese language differs _ from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation.A) considerably B) consistentlyC) confidentlyD) continually2. Everyone is trying
11、 to _ how the fire started.A) figure outB) make outC) turn out D) clear out【翻译练习】1、英译汉We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in pett
12、y business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.2、
13、汉译英那种情况出现时,这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励, 而不应遭到嘲弄。【参考答案】1.A【句意】汉语与英语有很大的不同，因为两者的文字和发音不同。【解析】词义辨析题。considerably 相当；consistently 始终；confidently 自信地；continually 不断地。2.A【句意】每个人都试图弄懂是如何起火的。【解析】词组辨析题。figure out 猜测，弄懂；make out 起草，理解；turn out 生产，变成；clear out 离开，腾出，清理。1、英译汉参考译文正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。
14、一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希翼，而并非拥有。2、汉译英参考答案When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than l
15、aughed at.=1. Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to _, its time to turn the Olympic ideal into reality.A) cut off B) carry off C) turn offD) wear off2. _, wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings.A) Conseque
16、ntlyB) Regularly C)Ironically D) Comprehensively【翻译练习】1、英译汉The 21st century is named as the era of “Internet as the king”. Cyberspace will be an important strategic resource in this century. Network economy has great influence on the traditional economic theories and even changes them. Network econo
17、my has obvious scale effect. A greater scale promises more clients, products of more standard level, more business opportunities and thus much more interests. No matter how miraculous the Internet is, it cannot exist independently without traditional economy. Without traditional economy, network eco
18、nomy will be like the fountain without water and the trees without roots, which will not make a sustainable development.2、汉译英他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。【1.11）参考答案1.D【句意】既然庆祝的兴奋感已经消失了，现在是把奥林匹克理想变成现实的时候了。【解析】词组辨析题。cut off 断掉，切断；carry off 夺得，夺走；turn off 关掉；wear off 消失，磨掉。2.C【句意】讽刺的是，为了回到自身飞翔的单纯起点，普通人类不得不等待太空时代的到
19、来。【解析】词义辨析题。consequently 因此；regularly 经常；ironically 讽刺地，出人意外的；comprehensively 全面地，透彻地，此句含有一个前后的逻辑关系，故选 C。1、英译汉参考译文21 世纪被人们称为“网络称雄”的时代，网络空间(cyberspace)将是本世纪重要的战略资源。网络经济对传统经济理论有着重大的影响，且甚至会改变它们。网络经济具有明显的规模效应。一个较大的规模预示着更多客户、更标准化的产品、更多的商业机会和因此而产生的过多利益。然而，不论网络如何神奇，它都不能脱离传统经济而独立存在。脱离了传统经济，网络经济将不会有持续性发展，这就如
20、同无水之源、无本之木。2、汉译英参考答案The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.=1. Some cultures have customs that _ the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes.A) modifyB) alter C) regulateD) revise2. The _ beauty of the mountain has made it a world-famous resort. Eve
21、ry year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it.A) perpetualB) perplexedC) preservedD) perished【翻译练习】1、英译汉In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws,
22、have changed little since people first discovered themeven while building materials have changed dramatically.2、汉译英很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。【参考答案】1.C【句意】某些文化有一些习俗，这些习俗规定了某些社会阶层中人们的穿衣时尚。【解析】动词辨析题。四个选项意思分别是：modify“修改，更改；修饰 ”；alter “改变，更改” ；regulate “控制，管理；调整；调节” ；revise“修订，修改；复习” 。制度的管理和规定经常用 regulate，modify 是指略
23、微的修改，alter 范围较广，指任何的改变，revise 通常指修订课本。所以选项 C 是最佳答案。2.C【句意】山区未被破坏的美景使它成为世界闻名的度假胜地。每年，都有大量国内外的游客慕名来访。【解析】形容词辨析题。四个选项意思分别是：perpetual “永久的，终身的；不断的，常发生的” ；perplexed “困惑的，茫然不知所措的 ”；preserved “保护的” ；perished “消亡的，毁坏的” 。根据句子的上下文意思判断，只有选项 C 符合题意。【翻译参考答案】1、英译汉参考译文为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是
24、基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。2、汉译英参考答案Its hard to say which plan is more practicable.=1. Fred tried to get to the door, but the table was _.A. in a way B. on the wayC. in the way D. by the way2. _ a sudden burst of rain, the children came home with wet clothes.A. For B. Due to C. O
25、wning to D. Thanks to【翻译练习】1、英译汉Taihu Lake, a freshwater lake located in the eastern part of China with an area of 2250 square kilometers, is the third largest freshwater lake in China, next to Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake. There are about 90 islands in Taihu Lake ranging in size from a few square
26、meters to a few square kilometers.2、汉译英对我们来说，生活要是没有广大的城市地区似乎是不可想象的，但实际上城市还是相对近代才发展起来的。【参考答案】1.C【句意】Fred 打算到门口去，但桌子挡住了道。【解析】词组辨析。in a way“在某种程度上” ；on the way“在途中” ；in the way“妨碍，挡道” ；by the way“顺便说说” 。根据题干中表示转折的 but 和做主语的 the table“桌子”可以推断出答案选项为 C。2.C【句意】由于突降阵雨，孩子们回家后衣服都淋湿了。【解析】近义词用法辨析。for 引导的表示原因的状语
27、从句不能放在句首，而且前面一般用逗号与主句分开；Owing to 做状语时强调因果关系，修饰整个句子，可在句首或者句末，用逗号隔开；Due to 作状语时与 owing to 同义，但一般不与其他成分隔开；Thanks to 表示原因时一般出于感谢；故答案选项为 C。【翻译参考答案】1、英译汉参考译文太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖，占地面积 2250 平方公里，是中国三大淡水湖，仅次于 鄱阳和洞庭。太湖约有 90 个岛屿，大小从几平 方米到几平方公里不等。2、汉译英参考答案Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, bu
28、t actually cities are relatively recent development.=1. The new media law that has sparked a furor in the country requires all broadcast and digital media to provide “balanced coverage“ and is seen by critics as an attempt to _ the press.A.muzzleB.underpinC. sidestepD. reassure2. _ whether the loan
29、proposal is made by a government, state enterprise or private corporation, an appraisal of the economic and political situation of the borrowers country must be made to assess the risk involved.A. Depending onB. NotwithstandingC. irrespective ofD. On account of【翻译练习】1.英译汉The Chinese government annou
30、nced the annual August 8 as the “National Fitness Day“ to promote physical activities throughout the country. This move not only popularizes the concept of keeping fit around the nation, but also diversifies the methods of taking exercise.2.汉译英你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。【参考答案】1.A【句意】新媒体法激起了公愤，它要求所有广播和数码媒体做
31、到“均衡报道” ，这被看做是一种压制新闻自由的举措。【精析】Muzzle “使缄默；封锁.的言论” ，underpin “巩固；支持” ，sidestep“回避；侧向躲避” ，reassure“使安心；使放心” 。根据题意，答案选 A。2.C【句意】无论是政府贷款，国企贷款，还是私企贷款，都应该对借方国家的经济和政治形势有所评估，以预计贷款风险。【精析】Depending on“根据，取决于” ，notwithstanding“尽管；仍然” ，irrespective of“不论；不考虑；不顾” ，on account of“由于；因为” ，根据题意，答案选 C。【翻译参考答案】1.英译汉参考
32、译文中囯政府宣布每年的 8 月 8 日为“全民健身日”(National Fitness Day)，推动全民健身。这一举动不仅在全国范围内普及了健康理念，还使人们锻炼的方式更加多样化。2.汉译英参考答案You should check all the data carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.=1. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it _ when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.
33、A. compactedB. dispersedC. delayedD. restricted2. Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is _in commercials.A. draftedB. depictedC. alleged D. permeated【翻译练习】1.英译汉long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed aroun
34、d by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins inthese traditions. however, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lackof means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.2.汉译英即使你说服不
35、了他，也不要灰心丧气。【参考答案】1.D【句意】我们都享有选择的自由，而不喜欢在社会的法律和道德界限内看到自由被约束。【解析】动词(过去分词)辨析。A. compacted “v. 压缩（compact 的过去式和过去分词） ；压紧” ；B. dispersed “v. 分散；传播（disperse 的过去分词） ”；C. delayed “v. 延迟（delay的过去式） ”；D. restricted “v. 限制（restrict 的过去式和过去分词） ”。2.B【句意】艾伦将很快发现实际生活很少想广告中描绘的那样简单。【解析】动词(过去分词)辨析。A. drafted “v. 设计；挑
36、选；拉开（draft 的过去式和过去分词） ”；B. depicted “vt. 描述；描画（depict 的过去式和过去分词） ”；C. alleged“v. 宣称（allege 的过去式和过去分词） ；断言 adj. 所谓的；声称的；被断言的 ”；D. permeated “v. 弥漫( permeate 的过去式和过去分词 )；遍布；渗入；渗透 ”。【翻译参考答案】1.英译汉参考译文与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。2.汉译英
37、参考答案Dont feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him.=1. I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how_ and extravagant a real Chinese banquet could be.A. fabulousB. graciousC. handsomeD. prominent2. I told him that I would _ him to act for me while I was away from
38、 office.A. identifyB. authorizeC. rationalizeD. justify【翻译练习】1.英译汉as it turns out, showering or bathing daily wreaks havoc on something hilariously called the horny layer. hot water, soap and abrasive surfaces strip off the horny layer, exposing living cells to the elements.2.汉译英这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。【参考答
39、案】1.A【句意】我之前常吃中餐，但是还是不能想象真正的中式宴会能有多么好，多么奢侈。【解析】形容词辨析。A. fabulous“adj. 难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的” ；B. gracious“adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的” ；C. handsome“adj. （男子）英俊的；可观的；大方的，慷慨的；健美而端庄的” ；D. prominent“adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的” 。2.B【句意】我告知他在我不在办公室期间，我会授权他代表我。【解析】动词辨析。A. identify“vt. 确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出；使参与；把看成一样 vi. 确定；认同；一致”
40、B. authorize“vt. 批准，认可；授权给；委托代替” ；C. rationalize “vt. 使合理化；使有理化；为找借口 vi. 实行合理化；作辩解；合理地思考”；D. justify “vt. 证明是正当的；替辩护 vi. 证明合法；整理版面” 。【翻译参考答案】1.英译汉参考译文其实每天洗澡会严重破坏身上的角质层。热水、肥皂和搓澡巾会使角质层脱落，让我们的皮肤暴露在外。2.汉译英参考答案So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.=1. As I have mentioned, an important
41、 source of human stress is the _between the demands of the individual and those of his society.A. splashB. smashC. crashD. clash2. From his directions, it shouldnt be difficult to _ the beach house in the map, even though you have never been there before.A. determineB. locateC. unearthD. ascertain【翻
42、译练习】1.英译汉Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse (废料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化炉). A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power.2.汉译英你对下一步该做些什么，清楚了吗
43、?=1. The head window of the car is made of safety glass that wont _if it is broken.A. shatterB. shudderC. crush D. crumple2. The mechanic jacked up the car and then _ to change the tire.A. advancedB. went C. proceededD. moved【翻译练习】1.英译汉About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through
44、it at the sun. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed.2.汉译英他在这次旅行中的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象。【参考答案】1.D【句意】正如我所提到的，人类压力的一个重要来源是个人需求与社会需求之间的冲突。【解析】词义辨析。A 项“splash
45、 溅泼声，溅泼；溅上的斑点等；溅泼的量；少量液体” ；B 项“smash 破碎，破碎时发出的声音；撞车；网球的高压球；极为轰动的戏剧、歌曲、影片等” ；C 项“crash 撞击（声） ，破裂（声） ；撞车， （车辆等）碰撞” ；D 项“dash(金属等的）刺耳的撞击声；（两群人之间的）打斗，打架，冲突；争论，争执；（颜色）不协调；交锋，交战，比赛” 。2.B【句意】根据他的指示，你不难在地图上找出那海滨别墅的地点，虽然你从来没有去过那个地方。【解析】词义辨析。A 项“determine v.确定某事物，决定；确定，测定” ；B 项“locate 找出，把设置，在，使坐落于” ；C 项“unea
46、rth 发掘，掘出 ”；D 项“ascertain 确定，查明” 。【翻译参考答案】1.英译英参考译文世界将面对着的另一问题是处理废物。有一个解决办法就是在焚化炉中用高温的废物烧掉。这种方法的一个新发展，可能在将来证明极为有用，即是以这些焚火炉来产生蒸汽动力。2.汉译英参考答案Are you clear about what you should do next?=1.A【句意】该车头窗是由安全玻璃构成的，在打破后不会粉碎的。【解析】词义辨析。A 项“shatter (使果物）突然而剧烈地裂成碎片，粉碎 ”；B 项“shudder(因寒冷、恐惧等）发枓、战栗；剧烈地摇晃” ；C 项“crush 压（或挤）坏，压；捣（或碾）碎某物” ；D 项“ crumple (使）起皱” 。2.C【句意】这位机修工用千斤顶顶起汽车，然后换轮胎。【解析】词义辨析。A 项“advance 前进；进步；向前移动或推进；推进某人、计划等” ；B 项“go 去” ；C 项“proceed 开始，继续进行，发生” ；D 项“move 移动，搬动” 。【翻译参考答案】1.英译汉参考译文大约在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了台望远镜，并用它来观察太阳。他所看到的景象
