1、名词性从句,Noun Clauses,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做- 表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,为什么叫名词性从句？ _,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,The man looked around. Tha
2、t the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周. (名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,主语从
3、句,that whether who whom whose what which when where why how,从 句 引导词:,1. That he knows Japanese is known to all.,他懂日语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3. When he will come is unknown .,4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他什么时候来不清楚.,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5. It remains a secret how they climbed up
4、the mountain.,主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It,主语太长了!放到句尾,Details,Details,Details,Details,That无词义,不可省略,What “什么”, “所.的”,2. What surprised me was to see him here .,When “什么时候”,主语从句不用 if,位于句首,用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构,It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等),It is
5、 a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是),It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句,2. It + be +名词词组(duty/pity) + that 从句,3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought) + that 从句,It is a pity that we cant go swimming.,It is sai
6、d that he told her everything.,It happened that I was out that day.,It is certain that he will do well in the exam.,真可惜我们不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考试肯定会考好.据说他告诉了她一切.,注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以说: It looks as if.,happen只有 it 句型,It is said只有 it 句型,More,4. It +不及物动词(seem/happen) + that 从句,It turns ou
7、t ( seems, happens, appears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是),It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出),疑问句中应该用 形式主语It 句型,1,Whatever we do must be in the interest of the people. ( ) It must be in the interest of the people whatever we do ( ),2,名词性关系代词whatev
8、er/whoever/whichever /wherever/what引导的主语从句一般放在句首,改错,1. It is true what he said.,What he said is true. 放在句首,2. Is that he will come certain?,Is it certain that he will come? 问句,3.He can swim is known to all.,That he can swim is known to all. 从句必须有引导词,用 it 句型翻译:,据说今年高一学生要学新教材. 事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务. 碰巧他们已经
9、参加过军训了. 众所周知, 比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人. 我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.,It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.,It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.,It happened that they had had their military training.,It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in
10、the world.,It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.,Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略,翻译: 真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.,It is strange that he should be late today.,strange不省略should为好,that引导陈述句, 在从句中没有词义, 不可省略,她会讲法语这一点大家
11、都知道.,That she can speak French is known to us all.,她一声不响拿走了他的杂志, 这使他很生气. _ 五班输了比赛, 这事令所有的人感到惊讶. _ 他干了一上午的活,这使他感到很累. _ 她不可能是美国人,这一点是很清楚的. _ 她已经入团了,这件事很快会被宣布. _,That he took away his magazine without a word made him angry.,That Class Five lost the game surprised everyone.,That he worked all morning ma
12、de him feel very tired.,That she cant be an American is quite clear.,That she has joined the League will be announced soon.,What在从句中表示“什么”或“所的”,What he will do next is unknown . What 表示疑问 “什么”,比如：他下一步做什么我们不清楚。,在那儿所看到的(事物)是无法描述的.我们怎么处理这些书与你无关.她会给我们带些什么食物来还不清楚.明天会发生什么事还是个谜.她所买的只是一些蔬菜.,What was seen th
13、ere is beyond description.,What we will do with the food has nothing to do with you.,What food she will bring to us is not clear.,What will happen tomorrow is still a mystery.,What she has bought is only some vegetables,What只用于名词性从句中,when where why how who whom whose分别表示什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎么、谁（主格/宾格）、谁的,
14、When we will have a meeting is unknown.,Where we will have a meeting is unknown.,Why we should have a meeting is unknown.,我们什么时候开会不清楚.我们在什么地方开会不清楚.我们为什么要开会不清楚.,4. 他们是怎么发现那个秘密的令大家很感兴趣. 5. 谁来当他们的班主任还没有决定,How they discovered that secret interested everyone.,Who will be their class teacher has not been
15、decided.,Where did they go last week is of no importance. ( ),错,凡是从句都必须用陈述语序,went,whether从句作主语时不能用 if,我们是否要重新做这个实验好没有决定. 这本书是否林先生写的这一点很重要. 他们是否能按时达到要看天气. 她是否能考上大学要看她是否努力. 是留在教室里上课还是去看电影要有老师来决定.,Whether we should do the experiment again has not been decided.,Whether the book was written by Mr. Lin is
16、 very important.,Whether they can arrive in time depends on the weather.,Whether she can pass the college entrance examination depends on whether she will work hard .,Whether we will stay in the classroom to go on with our lesson or we will go to see a film has to be decided by our teacher.,Whether
17、that she can come or not doesnt matter. ( ),错,一个从句只能有一个引导词,表语从句,从句引导词: that whether who whom whose which when where how what why as if / as though,1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.,2. The question is whether we can finish the experiment by Friday.,3. It looks as if it were g
18、oing to rain.,实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略,问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if,4. This school is no longer what it was before.,这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that,More,系动词后面,注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法,This is where Lu Xun once lived.That was how they won the match.This is why she got up so early this
19、morning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,我们就是这样克服困难的. 那就是他昨天缺席的原因. 这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.,This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.,That is why he was absent yesterday.,This is where we met last Sunday.,This is 总是现在时,固定句型: This is whereThis is why This is how.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的
20、方法,宾语从句,从 句 that whether who whom whose whatwhich when where why how if , 引导词: 可与whether互换, 但不与 or not 连用,1. They pretended ( that ) they knew how to do it.,他们假装知道怎么做这事。 That从句做pretend的宾语,我暗中想他讲的不是真话. 谓语与从句之间有插入语时,that 不可省略,2. I thought to myself that he was not telling the truth.,3.She said (that)
21、she couldnt tell me and that I couldnt understand.,宾语从句并列时,只省略第一个 that,4. Everything depends on whether we have enough time. ( if ),if /whether 表示“是否” 可以互换,五种情况只用whether: 1.在介词后面 2.与or not连用 3.在主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句中,5. I dont know whether he will come or not. ( if ),6. The question is whether he will agr
22、ee . ( if ),More,I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match. Do you doubt that he did it on his own?,doubt问题,肯定句中用 if / whether,否定句中用 that,疑定句中用 that,I doubt _he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out . Does he doubt _ you are fro
23、m Austria? Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.,if / whether,that,that,if / whether,宾语从句经常做介词的宾语,The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him.
24、(任何一个),5. It depends on if we have enough time.,whether we have enough time.,介词后面不用 if,that,what,how,whoever,6. Are you sorry for which you have done?,what you have done?,介词后面不用 which,宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语,Im afraid (that ) Ill be late. We were surprised that he lost the game.,我恐怕要迟到了. that 可以省略,我们对他在比赛中的
25、失败感到惊异.,此类表语形容词有:afraid, pleased, happy, satisfied, anxious, sure, surprised, certain, glad, aware用它们造句,that 从句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides, save五个介词后面,M,We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it )2. We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in
26、 the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语 it ),我认为学好英语是必要的.,I consider that we should learn English well necessary.,We consider her suitable for the job.,consider, find, think, feel, make 等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后,We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.,We h
27、ave made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life.,correction,The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about . Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him? I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary. Can you doubt if she will su
28、cceed? I worried about if my brother will return in time. She said that she has never told a lie. Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris? Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us. It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge.That he said moved everyone pre
29、sent.,what,it necessary that this should be kept secret for the time being,that she will succeed ?,whether my brother will return in time.,had,will leave for Paris?,That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us,What,It seemed,which不做介词宾语,that不做介词宾语,从句缺少引导词,that不做句子成分,没有It look t
30、hat表达式,同位语从句,被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opinion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory,desire,possibility.warning decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea,同位语从句说明它们的内容,常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词,The fact that deeds are better than
31、 words is quite clear.The question how I did it is hard to answer.They had no idea where they should go to find some food.The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if )A thought came to me that he might be in the library.,事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的这一问题难回答.,他们根本不知去哪儿找食物,他是否来这个问题不重要.,我突然想到他可
32、能在图书馆. 被别的词隔开,that 无词义,We were excited at the news. Our football team had won a third match .They have made a new plan. Another experiment building will be put up beside the library.They had the question. Could he pass the final exam?Who did the damaged computer belong to ? No one had any idea.The p
33、roblem has been solved. Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?,合并成一句:,We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match.,They have made a new plan that another experiment building will be put up beside the library.,They had the question whether he could pass th
34、e final exam.,No one had any idea who the damaged computer belonged to.,The problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy storm has been solved.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别:,We were excited about the news (that) he had told us. We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam.,The fact that th
35、e young man had been a prisoner astonished her . The fact that was unbelievable astonished everyone.,The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered. The question which seems so strange remains to be answered.,同位语从句: 说明名词的内容, wh-表示疑问, that 不做成分, 不能省略,定 语 从 句:说明名词的性质特征, wh-不表示疑问,
36、引导词做句子成分,做宾语可以省略,用表语从句合并,He was absent from the meeting. Thats the fact. Is he a student? Thats my question. When will we leave for the Island.? Thats what I want to know. Whom must our education serve ? Thats the most important.,The fact is that he was absent from the meeting.,My question is whethe
37、r he is a student. 从句一律陈述语序,What I want to know is when well leave for the Island,The most important is whom our education must serve.,5. My idea is_ (我们应该每天练习讲英语),that we should practice speaking English every day.,That无词义,是引导词,不要遗漏,重要的是我们怎样提高英语成绩._,The important thing is how we could improve our E
38、nglish.,标点符号,We think that Mr. Lin didnt come yesterday strange. (划出宾语/ 改用it) 每人都要写一篇作文这一点她已经讲得很清楚了. 我们觉得互相帮助是我们的责任. 我们认为他们在渡船上吸烟是不对的. 我们认为他们不可能的懂得怎么操作电脑.,We think it strange that Mr. Lin didnt come yesterday.,She has made it clear that everyone should write a composition.,We feel it our duty that w
39、e should help each other.,We dont think it right that they smoke on the ferry.,We consider it impossible that they could know how to operate a computer.,宾语从句常做动词的宾语,我记不得他是怎么找到这个答案的. 请告诉我林教授住在哪里. 我不在乎这是谁的责任. 他拿不定主意该去看哪场篮球比赛. 我不知道为什么她对她的儿子这么以严厉.,I dont remember how he found the answer.,Please tell me
40、where Professor Lin lives.,I dont care whose duty it is.,He cant decide which basketball match he should go and watch .,I dont know why she is so hard on her son.,做介词宾语,他总是想到任何为人民多做事. 除了下雨,他天天坚持锻炼. 他一切很顺利只是工作较忙. 我们对她女儿的遭遇感到震惊. 这是一个谁来做这项手术的问题.,He always thinks of how he can do more for the people.,He
41、 keeps on doing exercise every day except when it rains.,Everything does on well except that he is busy with his work,We were shocked by what her daughter had suffered .,It is a matter of who will do the operation.,6. Did you hear about that he was fully recovered? ( ) 7. It all depends on if the hu
42、mid weather will change soon enough.( ) 8. I am very interested in how he did more with less money. ( ),whether,复习到这一张，其他同学们自己复习,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.g.,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句） 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouragin
43、g. （定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g.,The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句） 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处
44、,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final matchis encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词
45、，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,whether与if均为“是否”但下列情况下只用whether ：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. whether引
46、导表语从句 The question is whether hell come.3. whether从句作介词宾语 Im not sure about whether well win. 4. 从句后紧跟“or not”或 “to” Whether you like it or not, you ll have to do it.,Practice,I. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）,His proposal
47、that we go there on foot is acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way. 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the r
48、eason that he gave for his absence.,3.,5.,6.,考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别 考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 分析: (注:划线的选项为最佳答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.,
