1、2019 届陕西省黄陵中学（重点班）高三上学期开学考试英语试题 +听力第卷（选择题，共 100 分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A19.15 B9.15 C9.18答案是 B。1What do the speakers need to buy?AA fridge BA dinn
2、er table CA few chairs 2Where are the speakers?AIn a restaurant BIn a hotel CIn a school3What does the woman mean?ACathy will be at the partyBCathy is too busy to comeCCathy is going to be invited4Why does the woman plan to go to town?ATo pay her bills in the bankBTo buy books in a bookstoreCTo get
3、some money from the bank 5What is the woman trying to do?AFinish some writing BPrint an article CFind a newspaper第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6What is the man doing?
4、AChanging seats on the planeBAsking for a window seatCTrying to find his seat7What is the womans seat number?A6A B7A C8A 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8Why doesnt the woman take the green T-shirt?AIts too small BIts too dark CIts too expensive9What does the woman buy in the end?AA yellow T-shirt BA blue T-shir
5、t CA pink T-shirt听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10How long has the man been in London?AOne year BA few years CA couple of months11Why did the woman leave her hometown?ATo lead a city life BTo open a restaurant CTo find a job12Where did the woman come from?ALondon BArnside CLancaster听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13
6、What is a daypack?AA box BA bag CA lock14What surprises the girl at school?AA lot of discussions in classBTeachers giving little homeworkCFew students asking questions in class 15At what time of the school term does the conversation most probably take place?AAt the end of itBIn the middle of itCAt t
7、he beginning of it16What do we know about the girl?AShe is new to the schoolBShe writes for the school newspaperCShe seldom asks questions in class 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17What does Mr. Henry Stone do?AA bank clerk BA teacher CA writer18What does Henry like doing at airports?AWatching people BTell
8、ing stories CReading magazines19What did Henry learn from the newspaper that day?AA valuable suitcase was missing BA man stole money from a bank CA woman ran away from home20Why was the woman at the airport?AShe was traveling on businessBShe was seeing the man offCShe was leaving for Greece第二部分 阅读(共
9、两节，满分 40 分)第一节：阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。ADragging a sleigh loaded with enough presents for the worlds children can be no easy skill. But，since ancient times， the Christmas Eve duty has been performed with distinction by a team of beloved reindeer(驯鹿)Soon，however
10、，Santa Claus may have to start looking around for a stronger type of animal，as a new research shows the species is becoming increasingly puny.A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent.The reduction in averag
11、e body-mass is being blamed on global warming. In the research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool，scientists have explained how rising temperatures are robbing female reindeer of nutrients during important periods of pregnancy.Snow in Svalbard typically cove
12、rs the ground for eight months of the year，which，combined with low temperatures，limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5，grass has become more productive，allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to have more babies.
13、 However，warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when it settles on the snow. Reindeer can often access the poor food sources beneath the snow by clearing it away with their antlers(鹿角) ， but they cannot break through the hard ice. As a result，female reindeer are becomin
14、g starved，causing them to abort their babies or give birth to much lighter young.Despite the findings，reindeer appear to be suffering less from the effect of climate change than some other arctic species. Last week the scientists warned that a third of the worlds polar bears could disappear in the n
15、ext 40 years.21Why do female reindeer become fat in autumn?AThe temperature is getting low.BThey give birth to more babies.CGrass has grown well since summer.DThey often break through the hard ice.22What can we infer from the text?AClimate change has little effect on reindeer.BPolar bears suffer mor
16、e from climate change.CReindeer have no trouble finding food in winter.DPolar bears will disappear in the near future.23What does the text mainly talk about?AThe Christmas Eve duty will still be carried out by reindeer.BReindeer has decreased in weight owing to global warming.CGlobal warming contrib
17、utes to more young reindeer.DMany arctic species are at the risk of dying out.BSummer breaks may have both positive and negative effects on children with disabilities. The following points are commonly mentioned by experts who favor the idea of allowing a child to have a “rest period“ in between sch
18、ool years.- Summer breaks help kids to avoid “school overload“: Children with special needs sometimes benefit from being able to “recharge their batteries“ over the summer so that they are relaxed and ready to begin the next grade in fall. The day-to-day work of a school day can be too much for some
19、 students, and a summer break offers some well-needed time off in many cases.- Involved parents can help children with academics at home: If there is concern that a student will regress(退步) with certain skills, academic regression can be avoided if parents are diligent about helping their kids with
20、summer reading and math in the home environment.Teachers can provide specific suggestions and activities for the parents to carry over throughout the summer on a less structured basis, as compared to the school setting.- Social interaction can take place in relaxed environments: If a parent is aware
21、 that his or her child has social difficulties, the parent can make extra efforts to provide opportunities for a special needs child to interact with other children. This can be carried out through planed trips to the library, pool, bookstore or friends houses.Parents who are truly concerned about t
22、he effects of summer break on students with disabilities may also wish to explore the option of year-round school for their children. Year-round school is not available everywhere, but when it is offered, it can be a wonderful alternative. With a number of options available for summer programs, many
23、 children with disabilities are able to advance to the next grade level without experiencing a great deal of regression.24. What attitude does the author have towards summer breaks?A. Negative. B. Positive.C. Both negative and positive. D. Not mentioned in the passage.25. In what ways do experts thi
24、nk summer breaks can affect children with disabilities? avoid “school overload“ for the children with disabilities recharge the batteries of the children with disabilities involved parents can help the children with disabilities avoid academic regression for the children with disabilities make up fo
25、r what weakness the children with disabilities have offer the children with disabilities chances to interact with other childrenA. B. C. D. 26. The following statements EXCEPT are what the parents can do to make good use of summer breaks.A. Going to teachers for specific suggestions and activities.B
26、. Following the school setting to make up for their weakness.C. Exploring the option of year-round school for their children.D. Going to the library, pool, bookstore or friends houses to interact with other children.27. What advantage can summer breaks bring to the children with disabilities by atte
27、nding year-round school?A. Avoiding behaving worse with certain skills.B. Experiencing much regression.C. Avoiding advancing to the next grade level.D. Being a wonderful alternative.CMake some noise on May 7 for Music Monday. People in the U.S. and Canada will be celebrating the day by singing and p
28、laying musical instruments together. Music Monday is the first day of National Wanna Play Music Week, which runs from May 7 to 13. The National Association of Music Merchants (NAMM) organizes the weeklong celebration every year. This marks the sixth year the organization is teaming up with Canadas C
29、oalition for Music Education (CME), the group that started Music Monday.The CME started Music Monday in 2005. It is held every year on the first Monday of May. It was created to help people realize the importance of music education programs in schools and in communities. The day also celebrates the
30、benefits of playing music for people of all ages. NAMM researches the effects of music on children. They found that playing music has positive effects on thinking skills and on confidence. It also teaches self-discipline and helps kids bond with their peers. “Learning musical skills can also help in
31、 your studies of other subjects, such as math, reading and language.“ Lora Bodmer, who works at NAMM, told TFK.Their studies show that music can also help people form friendships and connect with different groups. Nimmons says anyone can join in on the day, not just those who are musically gifted. “
32、I think that we all have the music in us, and its a matter of confidence,“ she said. “Sing with other people or beat drums, just enjoy the music.“Participants can turn on the radio to join the fun. Each year a song is assigned to Music Monday. This year the song is “Tomorrow is Coming,“ by Luke Douc
33、et. Students who would like to share in the celebration should let their teacher or organization leader know. But NAMM also encourages people to pick up any instrument and play anytime on the day. Its about having fun and enjoying the benefits that come with it.28. It can be inferred that Music Mond
34、ay was started .A. a week before Mothers DayB. by both NAMM and CMEC. just to add music lessons into schoolsD. just to play music for communities29. According to the third paragraph, music brings benefits to children in aspects.A. three B. four C. five D. six30. According to Nimmons, Music Monday pa
35、rticipators should be .A. talents in music B. students in schoolsC. old citizens in communities D. without limits31. Students are unable to join in Music Monday .A. with radio turned onB. without their teachers permissionC. with any instrumentD. with their teachers permissionDAt first glance, blowin
36、g a bubble net to trap sardines is not the smartest move a dolphin can make. Bubbles reflect sonar(声纳 ) signals better than sardines do, making the fish invisible and giving them a chance to escape. But mathematical tricks can get around this, and dolphins may naturally use them to locate the fishy
37、signal amid the bubbles.Timothy Leighton at the University of Southampton, UK, and his colleagues produced dolphin-like sonar clicks in a tank containing a “fish“a small steel ball-hiding in a bubble cloud. Dolphins vary the amplitude(振幅) of their clicks, Leighton says, so he gave every second click
38、 a weaker amplitude than the first. Imitating what might go on in the dolphin brain, he then increased the echo from the weaker click to bring it up to the same level as the stronger click.This made the two echoes from the steel ball identical. But because even a weak sonar click bounces strongly of
39、f bubbles, increasing the weaker echo made the bubble signal stand out even more than it did in the stronger click. Leighton used that fact to distinguish the steel ball from the bubbles. Human sonar operators could apply the trick to detect weak signals from sea mines in shallow waters full of wave
40、s. Sonar systems are designed to find submarines(潜水艇 ) in deep, bubble-free water and are less effective in the shallows. “Developing sonar that can see sea mines in these conditions is important.“ says Leighton.32. The underlined word “them“ refers to .A. sardines B. sonar signalsC. mathematical tr
41、icks D. blown bubbles33. Where did Timothy Leighton imitate the work of the dolphin brain?A. In a tank containing a true fish.B. In a tank containing a steel ball.C. In the ocean containing bubbles.D. In the ocean containing fishes.34. Why did Leighton increase the weaker echo?A. Because he could ma
42、ke the two echoes from the steel ball the same.B. Because he could make the bubble signal disappear gradually.C. Because he could know if the dolphin recognized the difference.D. Because he could recognize the bubbles from the steel ball.35. According to Leighton, it is very important to improve .A.
43、 sonar of seeing sea mines B. sonar of seeing submarinesC. sonar of seeing dolphins D. sonar of seeing bubbles第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bad News for the Highly IntelligentThere are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more suc
44、cessful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events.36 In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood (情绪) disorders an
45、d anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensas highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious
46、disorders.To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. 37 This can include anything from an
47、 astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldnt occur to someone less intelligent. 38 The
48、results of this study must be interpreted cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesnt prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. 39 All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多 效 性 ), which occurs when a gene (基 因 ) influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. 40 In a 2015 study, Rosa
