1、高考阅读指导之 猜测词义,高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息(细节题)；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度。,The underlined word “ ” refers to (means / stands for) . Which of the following words can take the place of / be replaced by the word “ ”? What is the meaning
2、of “ ” as the words are used in the text? Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ ”?,常见词义猜测题型,考查方向：、熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；、复合词的含义理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；、根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；、对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；、通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。,1. Definition 定义法,3. Similarity 相似法,2. Contrast 对比法,4. Cause
3、and effect 因果法,5. Example 例举法,8. Common Sense 普通常识,6. Word Formation 构词法,猜测词义技巧,7. Context 上下文,It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。,(adj. 易碎的, 脆的),The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n. 牧羊
4、人),定义常见词汇及短语：be called, be known, be defined as, constitute, refer to 等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。,解释常见词汇及短语：or, that is to say, in other words, to put it another way等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。,2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有but, yet, while、however, otherwise on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast
5、, in spite of , instead等。,Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.,She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.,A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly,A,(v. 不同意),3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。,Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .T
6、he job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的;极大的),4. Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。,One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,She did not hear what you said because she was complete
7、ly engrossed in her reading.,(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的),(concentrate/focus her attention on),因果关系常见词汇及短语：since, as, because, for, due to, owing to, for the reason that, result from, so,therefore, thus, consequently, result in等。,5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as, like等 。,Tod
8、ay young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.,(n. 电器用具),6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义，即派生。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了;另外还有合成
9、与转化。,常见的前缀和后缀如： super- (超) mini- (迷你的, 微小的) micro-（微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向),superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronouce (非自然的) antiageing nonsmoker (抗衰老的) shewolf sleep-walk (母狼),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音
10、),(梦游),Eg. Im going to buy a microbus.,micro+bus 微型公共汽车,Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. By describing lions as “opportunist” , the author means to say that lions
11、_.A. are cruel animals B. are clever animalsC. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat,7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜
12、测词义的能力自然就会增强。,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,n. 麻醉剂(药),practice makes perfect,1. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do somet
13、hing, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever2. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的3. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱,小试身手,4. Written language tends
14、 to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. 5. Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own. 6. William shakespare said. “the web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.” The underlined word “mingle
15、d” most probably means aSimple bmixed csad dhappy,稳定的,动物的地盘,7. Social mobility is the movement fromone class or level of living to another.8. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of these reports.,9. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.,一片混乱,10. If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.,不知疲倦的,homework,
