1、专四语法和词汇,语法考点 从句：状语从句，名词性从句，关系从句 非谓语动词：不定时，动名词，分词 虚拟语气 时态 其他：比较级，倒装句，主谓一致，附加疑问句,词汇考点 异形近义词和同义词 近形异义词 异形异义词 搭配 习语 代词,专四选词填空,三、平时如何提高选词填空技能,一、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,二、 真题演练,内容梗概,选词填空的15个待选词分成名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类。 必须先确定词性，再结合短文的逻辑做出选择。,同一个单词只用最多一次。破解本题的核心技巧是通过相同词性备选词排除，达到大幅降低难度的目的。比如，我们判断出某空应填入名词，而备选词中只有三个名词，那么我们作题的难度
2、就从15选1突降至3选1。,作题步骤： 一，标出15个备选词词性。 二，浏览全文，确定每个空格处应具有的词性。 三，比较相同词性的备选词，利用上下文线索，词的褒贬色彩，平行结构，单复数，时态等标准在几个备选词中选出唯一正确的。 四，完成全文后复查一遍。,第一步：整理选项 - classify the options,整理选项。大概花费1分钟，即辨别每个单词的词性。分别标出15个备选项的词性，比如在名词旁标注n.，在动词旁写上v.，形容词旁标注adj.，副词旁写上adv.等。目前四级考试只考实词（notional words）中的四种：名词n、动词v、形容词adj、副词adv； （不考代词和数词
3、；也不考虚词（冠词art, 介词prep, 连词conj, 感叹词interj） ）,二、选词填空解题步骤和技巧,3. 动词归类要细分为v，v-ed, v-ing。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是-ing形式要自己根据语法判断。,标注词性时注意的问题,1. 不认识的单词看词缀,2. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性比如：有的词display, concern, challenge做名词和做动词都很常见。这时两个都要标出来，先标你脑子里第一个出现的词性。,二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,以-ing, -ed 结尾的词也可能是分词转变而来的形容词， 如holding做动词：Shes
4、holding her mothers hand. 做形容词：holding company (控股公司)； 再如acquired做动词：academic skills he acquired. 做形容词：a newly acquired jacket (新买的夹克)。 这时怎么办？碰到这种情况，先一律看成是动词，包括非谓语动词，然后，根据是否存在缺-adj的具体情况来决定。,标词性时的切入点是后缀suffix，也就是词尾。以ion, age, ness, ty, ship, ace, ance, ancy, ence, ency, dom, itude, um, mony 结尾的大都是名词；
5、 以ize, ise, fy结尾的大都是动词； 以ive, ent, ant, ful, ous, able, ary, ic, cal, less结尾的是大都是形容词； 以ly, ways, wise 结尾的大都是副词。,常见的动词后缀,1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，化modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示”使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使化, 使成” beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simp
6、lify 4)-ish, 表示“使，令” furbish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate,我们在选择时，根据所掌握的英语语法规则来初步确定每个空应填词汇的词性，缩小选择范围。然后，根据上下文的内在逻辑结构选择合适的选项填空。,第二步：选词填空 fill in the gaps,二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,1)动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。,1 判断原文空缺处词性，
7、缩小范围,二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）; b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词; c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。,2)名词的确定：,a. 名词主要做主语、宾语; b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词; c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词; d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语 e. 介词后面必有名词或相当与名词的词. f. 定语从句前面是名词,二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,4)副词的确定：,3)形容词的确定：,1名词的前面。,2副词的后面。,3句子的前面。 Not , the
8、 jury found them both guilty. ( fortunately),2形容词的前面。,1动词的附近（指前面或后面）。,二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,(1)根据固定搭配 collocation,2 运用逻辑和语言知识储备解题,固定搭配：在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，诸如，我们所说的idioms等。但是，对固定搭配的另外一种理解是这种搭配很常见，比如：汉语说“学知识”，而英语不说“learn knowledge”, 而是“acquire knowledge”; 还有，要描述 rain 很大，我们用heavy修饰；当我们说heavy traffic是表示交通拥堵。此
9、外，非常重要的一点是注意to, in , on , at ,from等等和其词的搭配使用,因为在某种程度上，它们能给我们关于选择项的提示。如：my _ for her moved her . (attitude ; love),二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,(2)理清复杂句式或上下文的逻辑结构，进行解题,大家需要关注形式上的逻辑关系和意义上逻辑关系。所谓形式上的逻辑关系就是我们通常讲的因果，让步，递进等；而意义上的逻辑关系就是以语篇表达的意思为线索，前后文中，意义上存在那些关系。比如说，描述一个人的心情的变化，心情好时，应该使用的是积极词汇，而心情不好时则使用消极词汇。当然，形式和意思之间存在
10、紧密联系，不能割裂开来。,二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,三、 真题演练,A) appealing B) average C) contributing D) dramatic E) frequently . F) impact G) line,H) maintain I) melted J) persist K) ranging L) recently M) resolved N) sensible O) shock,2014年6月份真题选词填空,A) appealing v. B) average adj. n. C) contributing v. D) dramatic adj. E)
11、frequently adv. F) impact v. n. G) line n. v.,H) maintain v. I) melted v. J) persist v. K) ranging v. L) recently adv. M) resolved v. N) sensible adj. O) shock v. n.,2014年6月份真题选词填空,标注词性,Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have exper
12、ienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 _away. However , we have already reached temperatures that are in 37_with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are 38_to a predicted worldwide in increase in temperatures 39_between 1 and
13、6 over the next 100 years. The warming will be more 40_in some areas, less in other, and some places may even cool off.,v.,n.,adj.,v. +ing,待定,Likewise, the 41_of this warming will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and norther
14、n Canada may become more habitable(宜居的)and 42_for humans than these areas are now. The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43_, everywhere.,n.,adj.,n.,Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a h
15、uman-induced global warming trend. Some scientists 44_(原)_that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random(无规律的)variation-some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45_-but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face
16、 of continued and increasing warm conditions.,v.,待定,2013年12月份真题 选词填空分析,三、 真题演练,A) circumstance B) confidence C) covers D) current E) deals F) different G) exposing,H) fast I) honoring J) hope K) presently L) rare M) realistic N) site O) virtually,2013年12月份真题选词填空,A) circumstance n. B) confidence n. C
17、) covers v. D) current adj. E) deals n. v. F) different adj. G) exposing,H) fast adj. I) honoring J) hope n./v. K) presently n. L) rare adj.M) realistic adj.N) site n.O) virtually adv.,2013年12月份真题选词填空,标注词性,To get a sense of how women have progressed in science take a quick tour of the physics depart
18、ment at the University of California Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36_ of some of the most important discoveries in modern science-starting with Ernest Lawrences invention of the cvclotron(回旋加速器)in 1931. A generation ago female faces were 37_and even today, visitors walking through the firs
19、t floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38_ the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39_ all of there white males,n,adj,adv,待定,But climb up to the third floor and youll see a 40_ display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students are portrai
20、ts of the 41_ head of the department. Marjorie Shapiro and four other women whose research 42_ everything from the mecheanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although theyre Still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty,women are
21、clearly a presence here. And the real 43_ may be in the smaller photos to the right graduate and undergraduate students about 20 percent of them female.Every years Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the countrys top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic but also 44_ “I believe thi
22、ngs are getting better “she says “but theyre not getting better as 45_ as i would like.“,adj,adj,v,n,adj,adj,1 掌握词汇的词性多样性特征。 2 了解词缀知识，扩充词汇量； 关注词汇之间的常用搭配； 分析语篇内的逻辑关系； 提高自己分析复合句的语法技能； 6 多阅读，注意语言细节；,四、平时如何提高选词填空技能,2013年6月,A) allowing B) avoidable C) briefly D) component E) determined F) helping G) incr
23、easingly,H) lowest I) maintain J) maximum K) prevent L) principle M) provoke N) seriously O) topic,2012年12月,A) appealingB) average C) conflict D) currently E) elementary F) ensure G) female,H) fill I) occupations J) occurring K) positions L) primaryM) recession N) regularly O) unusual,2012年6月,A) sur
24、vive B) surrounding C) serves D) reviewed E) reported F) recession G) households,H) gather I) formally J) financially K) domestic L) competition M) communities N) circling O) accumulate,2011年12月,A) stable B) solutions C) significant D) role E) progress F) marvelous G)included,H) growth I) exactly J) consist K)comprise L) competitions M) combined N) challenges O) certainly,Thank You for Your Attendance!,
