1、第一部分 语法突破,考点七 并列句和复合句,考向研究 区分并列句和复合句从而正确选择连词；因未正确分析定语从句的成分而错用关系词；引导名词性从句的that，what，which等的区别；状语从句的连接词。,栏目索引,并列句,定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句,跟踪训练,跟踪训练,并列句,技 法 口 诀 1,了解并列连词类型， 熟悉并列连词句式。,1.并列连词的基本类型 (1)表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both.and.，not only.but (also).等。 (2)表示选择关系的有：or，either.or.，not.but.等。 (3)表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。
2、(4)表示因果关系的有：so，for等。 2.并列连词的常用句式 (1)祈使句and/or陈述句 (2)be doing.when./be about to do.when./had done.when. (3).while.,技法点击,单句语法填空 1.The event will make Lanzhou beef noodles famous not only across Lanzhou， across the world.(2018内蒙古包头包钢一中一模),答案,解析,解析 句意为：这件事将使兰州牛肉拉面不仅在兰州著名而且在世界各地都有名。not only.but (also).不但
3、而且，故填but。,but,过关检测,2.Nobel had never been to school university，but had studied privately and became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist. (2018山东师大附中模拟),答案,解析,解析 此句前半句“Nobel had never been to.”为否定句，所以要用or来代替and，表示“既没有也没有”。,or,3.Give them their happiness you will get your own happiness.,答案,解析,解析
4、 句意为：给他们他们的幸福，那么你将获得你自己的幸福。前后两句话之间是顺承关系，是句型“祈使句and/or陈述句”，故该空填连词and。,4.I was about to get up from the sofa I felt dizzy as if everything were spinning around.(2018内蒙古呼和浩特一模),解析 固定句式：be about to do sth. .when.，正要做某事，这时，故填when。,and,when,5.You can order a pizza， your friends may choose Japanese food，Ch
5、inese food or a hamburger.(2018内蒙古赤峰模拟),答案,解析,解析 句意为：你可以点比萨，然而你的朋友可能会选择日本菜、中国菜或汉堡包。前后表示对比“然而”，故填while。,while,技 法 口 诀 2,并列句、复合句， 理清结构不糊涂。,1.并列句和定语从句的区别 并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于：并列句是由and，but等并列连词连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 例1 (1)They live in a small house，in front of which stands an orange tree. (2)They live in a s
6、mall house，and in front of it stands an orange tree. 分析 两句的区别是连词and，句(1)逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a small house，空格处为引导词，表示物，故填which；句(2)为and连接的两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的a small house，故填it。,技法点击,例2 (3)The old man has three sons，none of whom is a doctor. (4)The old man has three sons，but none of them is a doctor. 分析 两
7、句的区别是连词but，句(3)逗号后为“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为three sons，空格处为引导词，表示人，故填whom；句(4)but连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句的three sons，故选them。,2.并列句和状语从句的区别 并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。 例3 (1)If you take the medicine，you will be all right. (2)Take this medicine，and you will be all rig
8、ht. 分析 两个题都应该填连词。句(1)空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填If；句(2)中两个并列分句是顺承关系，构成“祈使句and陈述句”结构，故填and。,例4 (3)Although/Though money is necessary for a happy life，it cant buy happiness. (4)Money is necessary for a happy life，but it cant buy happiness. 分析 两个题都应该填连词。句(3)空格所在句子与主句是让步关系，故填Although/Though；句(4)前后是转折关系，故填but。,
9、单句语法填空 1.(1)He has three daughters，all of are doctors. (2)He has three daughters，and all of are doctors. (3)He has three daughters，all of doctors.l,解析 句(1)中逗号前后都是句子，中间无连词连接，故后一句应为从句，此处指人且跟在介词后，故用whom引导定语从句； 句(2)中有一并列连词and，故前后均为完整的句子，且空处指代前一分句中的three daughters，故填代词them； 句(3)中无连词，逗号后的结构中没有谓语动词，且由句意知，空
10、处指代前面的daughters，所以逗号前后主语不一致，故逗号后为独立主格结构，所以填them。,答案,解析,whom,them,them,过关检测,2.She was such a proud person that she would die she would admit she was wrong.(2018北京石景山区一模),答案,解析,解析 句意为：她是一个如此骄傲的人以至于她宁愿死也不愿承认她是错的。这里用before表示“宁可而不愿”。before是高考考查的热点词汇之一，它引导状语从句时，在不同的句式中有不同的含义和用法。,before,3.The president sto
11、od by a window inside the room， I entered，looking over the square.(2018天津河东区一模),答案,解析,解析 句意为：总统站在我进入的房间里的一扇窗户旁，看着广场。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the room，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，此处是非限制性定语从句，故用关系代词which引导。,4.They know a lot “about” English， they never master the language. (2018山东枣庄二模),解析 句意为：他们很“了解”英语，但是他们从未掌握这门语言。表示转折关系，所以填bu
12、t。,which,but,跟踪训练,答案,解析,.单句语法填空 1.How can I wake up so early? Set the alarm at 500 am， you will make it. (2018北京石景山区一模),解析 句意为：我怎么才能醒那么早呢？定五点的闹铃，你就能起来了。本句是“祈使句and/or一般将来时态的陈述句”。and表顺承关系，or 表转折关系，本句是表顺承关系，所以填and。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,and,答案,解析,2.If you cant get to the place you want to go by one road
13、，try another.(2018贵州黔东南州一模),解析 句意为：如果一条路到不了你想去的地方，就试着走另一条路。此处the place是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。,where,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,3.The winter in Beijing is very cold that of Kunming is warm.,解析 两句之间表示对比，故填while。,while,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,4.Numerous later expeditions failed， each time，climb
14、ers got closer to the summit.,解析 句意为：许多后来的探险失败了，但是，每次登山者都更靠近了顶峰。表示“但是”，所以填but。,but,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,5.Give them a Chinese lunar calendar they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.,解析 固定句式：祈使句and陈述句。,and,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,6.Sun Yao was on his way up on
15、Tuesday evening after school the lift suddenly came to a stop.,解析 句意为：周二晚上放学后，孙耀正坐电梯上行，这时电梯突然停了下来。根据句意及句子结构可知，此空填并列连词when，意为“此时，这时”。,when,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,7.And the hutong today is fading into the shade for both tourists local people.(2018湖南三湘教育联盟联考),解析 考查固定结构both.and.表示“两者都”。,and,1,2,3,4,
16、5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,8.In life，the choice is yours: play it safe and keep staying， face the unknown and continue to grow.(2018山东聊城一模),解析 句意为：生活中，是谨慎行事，待在原地，还是面对未知，继续成长，由你自己来选择。前后句是选择关系，故用or连接。,or,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,9.From Monday to Friday，I have to walk to school， my parents think it good for
17、health.(2018辽宁瓦房店一模),解析 句意为：周一至周五，我不得不步行去上学，因为我的父母认为这对健康有好处。根据句意可知此处表示原因，是原因状语从句，故填because。,because,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,10.The humble man refused an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did he felt he should. (2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模),解析 此处指“他说他只是做了感觉应该做的事”，所填词引导宾语
18、从句，在从句中作did的宾语，表示做的事，故填代词what。,what,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.I was watching TV with my family while we heard a loud noise. (2018贵州凯里一中模拟) 12.There are many problems when I am abroad alone，especially when I am in the Czech Republic，its official language is not English. (2018河南豫南北名校
19、精英联赛),when,whose,答案,13.Pacing in order，and the soldiers came to the stand. (2018河南安阳二模) 14.First of all，they will look like the pads today，which their sizes will be changeable，too.(2018安徽安庆二模改编) 15.They offered to buy me flowers or give me something，and I of course refused.(2018豫南九校联考),and,which,定语从
20、句,技 法 口 诀,掌握三步骤， 确定关系词。,在选择定语从句的关系词时，遵循下列三个步骤，即可轻松解决这一问题。 第一步：还原代入。找出句中的先行词，并将其还原代入从句中，使从句成为一个完整的句子。 第二步：确定成分。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词。 第三步：看指代。关系代词指人或物；关系副词指时间、地点或原因。,技法点击,例1 But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(20
21、17全国) 分析 第一步：找出句中的先行词，并将其还原代入从句中，使从句成为一个完整的句子“Sarah has taken part in shows along with top models.” 第二步：确定被代入部分在从句中充当的成分。Sarah在从句中作主语，应用关系代词。 第三步：先行词Sarah指人，故填who。,在选择引导定语从句的关系词时，要注意以下几点：1.what，how不引导定语从句；2.that，why不引导非限制性定语从句；3.并非先行词表示地点或时间时，都分别用where，when来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示地点或时间的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等
22、，而不是状语时，需用that或which引导相应的定语从句。 例2 Do you still remember the days that/which we spent together in school? 分析 句意为：你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？此处先行词是the days，表示时间并且在定语从句中充当宾语，而不是时间状语，故用that或which引导。,例3 Finally he reached a lonely island which/that was completely cut off from the outside world. 分析 句意为：最终他到达了一个完
23、全与世隔绝的荒凉的小岛。所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词island，指物，且引导词在从句中作主语，故用which或that来引导。,单句语法填空 1.The old bank， appearance is not a pretty sight，is extremely beautiful on the inside.(2018北京西城区模拟),答案,解析,解析 句意为：老银行的外表不是很漂亮，它的里面是非常漂亮的。此处The old bank是句子的主语，空格前面是逗号，所以这里不是并列句，也不是状语从句，它应该是一个定语从句，The old bank是先行词，所填词在后面的定语从句中作定语，
24、故填whose。,whose,过关检测,2.Newly-released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood. (2018江苏四市一模),答案,解析,解析 some worry为插入语可略去不看，所填词指代an increase in technology use among children这个现象，故填which。,which,3.She was likely to tell the whole truth
25、，in cases other people would have kept silence.(2018江苏扬州中学检测),答案,解析,解析 句意为：在别人会保持沉默的情况下，她很可能和盘托出。cases作先行词，从句中缺状语，用关系副词，故填where。,where,4.He is the head of a three-star restaurant，Le Suquet， is located in the center of Paris.(2018吉林长春二模),答案,解析,解析 此句中a three-star restaurant，Le Suquet是先行词，指物，后面为定语从句，从句
26、中缺少主语，故答案为which。,which,5.We should improve our teaching methods，with we can make ourselves understood better.(2018河南南阳一中模拟),答案,解析,解析 句意为：我们应该改善我们的教学方法，这样就能使学生更好地理解我们。根据句意且先行词为teaching methods，指物，可知答案填which。此处是“with关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。,which,6.I am already looking forward to their next visit I can show
27、them more of what Seville offers and what I am still yet to discover. (2018宁夏六盘山中学一模),答案,解析,解析 句意为：我已经期待着他们的下一次来访，到那时我可以向他们展示塞维利亚提供的更多的东西，以及我还没有发现的东西。根据句意及句子结构可知，next visit作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。,when,7.Unlike in the west， everyone has their own plate of food，in China the dishes are placed on
28、the table and everybody shares. (2018山西平遥中学一模),答案,解析,解析 先行词west在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。句意为：不像在西方，每个人都有自己的食物盘子，在中国，盘子被放在桌子上，大家一起分享。故填where。,where,8.In todays world global warming is a serious issue，the bicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon footprint.,答案,解析,解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作
29、地点状语，先行词为todays world，故填where。,where,名词性从句,技 法 口 诀,明晰连词的种类和特点， 判定名词性从句的引导词。,1.that引导的名词性从句 that本身无意义，在从句中不担任成分，只起到连接主从句的作用。 例1 Now a research by Cornell University suggests that lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight.(2018江西质检) 分析 所填词引导的是suggest的宾语从句，该从句结构意思完整，故应用that引导。,技法点击,2.wheth
30、er/if引导的名词性从句 whether/if在从句中不担任成分。注意：一般不用if引导表语从句、同位语从句和主语从句；介词后的宾语从句不用if引导；if不能跟or not连用；if后不跟不定式。 例2 Our class had a discussion about whether its necessary to put monitoring cameras in our classroom.(2018四川乐山二模) 分析 句意为：我们班就是否有必要在班里装摄像头这一问题展开了讨论。根据句意，只有填入whether，句意才讲得通。此处不能填if，因为if从句不放在介词后。,3.连接代词引
31、导的名词性从句 连接代词如what，which，who(m)，whose等，它们本身有意义，在从句中担任主语、宾语、表语或定语。连词what有两个意义：一表示疑问，意为“什么”；二不具有疑问的意义，相当于the名词that.，意为“的事/话/地方/速度”等。 例3 Englands Queen Victoria encouraged her husband to decorate a tree as he had back at home in what is now Germany.(2018河南中原名校质检) 分析 空处为介词的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用what引导。句意为：英国维多利
32、亚女王鼓励丈夫按照他原来家中(今德国境内)的样子装饰了一棵圣诞树。故填what。,4.连接副词引导的名词性从句 连接副词包括when，where，why，how，because等，它们在从句中常用作状语。 例4 Im sorry.I think I am not fit for the job.I cant handle pressure well. Oh，I cant believe it.You know，thats not the impression I have of you at all.Thats how Id describe myself.(2018江苏扬州中学检测) 分析
33、句意为：抱歉。我想我不适合这份工作。我不太抗压。哦，我不相信。那完全不是我对你的印象。我是这样描述自己的。how表示“怎样，如何”且表语从句中缺状语，应该用连接副词how。,5.which，who和what引导名词性从句的区别 which，who只具备疑问的意思，which意为“哪一个(些)”(指人或事)，who意为“谁”(指人)，what除了有疑问的意思(什么)外，还相当于“the名词that”，没有疑问的意思。 例5 When everyone quieted down，the speaker began to talk，saying that was exactly what was h
34、appening in their lives. 分析 “ was happening in their lives”是表语从句，该空在从句中作主语，且表示“正在发生的事情”，故要用what引导该从句。,单句语法填空 1.The word “media” basically refers to we commonly call newspapers，magazines，radios and televisions.(2018北京101中学一模),答案,解析,解析 句意为：“媒体”这个词基本上指的是我们通常称作报纸、 杂志、 收音机和电视的东西。what在名词性从句中的意思是“的人/物”，可以作
35、主语、宾语或表语。refer to中的to是介词，后接宾语从句，what在从句中作call的双宾语中的一个，故填what。,what,过关检测,2.A problem has occurred we should develop innovative thinking abilities in the classrooms by giving students opportunities to generate new ideas.(2018江苏四市一模),答案,解析,解析 句意为：一个关于我们是否应该在课堂上给学生机会产生新想法以培养学生的创新思维能力的问题已经出现了。根据句意，此处应表示“
36、是否”，故填whether引导同位语从句。,whether,3.I didnt understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.,答案,解析,解析 understand后为宾语从句，根据语境可知，不明白的应该是原因，表示“为什么”，故填why。,why,4.It is reported the housing prices in some big cities fall in different degrees.(2018北京石景山区一模),答案,解析,解析
37、 句意为：据报道，一些大城市的房价有不同程度的下降。分析句子可知，本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，而从句句子结构完整，故填that。,that,5.There are various things on sale，so you can choose _ interests you.(2018天津滨海区七校联考),答案,解析,解析 句意为：各种物品正在销售，所以你可以选择任何你感兴趣的东西。此处是choose后面的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，故填whatever或what。,whatever/what,跟踪训练,答案,解析,.单句语法填空 1.A modern city h
38、as been set up in was a waste land ten years ago.,解析 句意为：一个现代化的城市已经在一片十年前的荒地上建立起来了。介词in后面是宾语从句，既引导从句又作从句的主语，故用what。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,what,答案,解析,2.Nowadays，more and more young ladies，of figures most are fine enough，are going on a diet.(2018江苏泰州中学二模),解析 句意为：如今，越来越多的年轻女士都在节食，其中大多数身材都不错。先行词为ladies，指
39、人，所填词在非限制性定语从句中作figures的定语，故用whose。most表示“大部分”，后接介词of表示范围，相当于most of young ladies figures。,whose,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,3.However，many scientists wonder intelligent life exists on other planets.(2018青海西宁一模),解析 句意为：但是，许多科学家想知道在其他星球上是否存在着智能生命。所填词引导宾语从句，再根据句意知填whether/if。,whether/if,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
40、,9,10,答案,解析,4.A series of policies has been adopted so far benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy.(2018江苏南通、泰州一模),解析 句子后面的“the poverty-stricken people will enjoy”不完整，缺少宾语，宾语应当为该项政策带来的好处，benefits和policies之间为从属关系，故用whose。,whose,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,5.The historical reason for beginning
41、the New Year in such a time is it is the time between autumn harvest and spring plowing and planting. (2018宁夏银川唐徕回民中学一模),解析 句意为：在这样的时间开始新年的历史原因是它介于秋收和春耕播种之间。所填词引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，故填that。,that,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,6.The operators are often friendly and its also convenient to find other touri
42、sts， want to carpool or travel together to cut cost. (2018大连一模),解析 所填词引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指人，所以填who。,who,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,7.The famous player tried again and again after each failure.Thats _ he succeeded at last.(2018北京西城区模拟),解析 句意为：在每次失败后，这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是他为什么最终取得了成功。be动词后面是一个表语从句，结构
43、完整，缺少引导词，根据句意可知此空填why。,why,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,8.We are living in an age most of things are done on cell phones. (2018北京石景山区一模),解析 本题定语从句的先行词是an age，定语从句是一个被动语态，句子结构完整，故使用关系副词。句意为：我们生活在一个很多事情都是由手机完成的年代里。故填when。,when,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,9.Its time to start by reading aloud to might like
44、 it.,解析 句意为：是时候开始大声朗读给可能喜欢它的人听了。句中to后为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处whoeveranyone who，任何人。,whoever,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,10.Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2018天津滨海七校联考),解析 句意为：营造让员工感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。通过分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为atmosphere，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where，相当于in whi
45、ch。,where,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.Janes success lies in the fact what she is so co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2018天津河东区一模) 12.Self-confidence is a kind of quality and that is which it takes to do everything well.(2018北京石景山区一模),that,what,13.I think that accepting fa
46、ilure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually.(2018山西平遥中学一模) 14.I keep the picture where I can see it every day，what reminds me of the days in my hometown.(2018北京石景山区一模) 15.You want to know that everything is going in our school. (2018辽宁鞍山一中模拟),答案,what,which,how,16.Participants，most
47、 of who are middle school students，will meet at the Olympic forest park in Beijing.(2018豫南九校联考) 17.The only problem is that because Im not very good at small talk with people I dont know. 18.The reason for this is why I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems.,
48、答案,whom,that,19.You cant imagine how great fun we had in Qingdao. 20.I could hardly believe my ears when the news came I was admitted into a key university.,答案,what, that,状语从句,技 法 口 诀,掌握常用连词并理解句意， 正确选择状语从句的连词。,1.状语从句中的常用连词,技法点击,2.理清逻辑关系，避免连词误用 (1)No matter what hard I tried，I just could not understand the grammar.误(2018广东茂名五校联考) 分析 句意为：不管我多么努力，我都弄不明白英语语法。what意为“多么”，修饰名词；how修饰形容词或副词。hard是副词，故要用how来修饰。故应将what改为how。 (2)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.误 分析 句意为：尽管我在那个教室学习时只是个小孩，但我永远不会忘记它。此处的从句为让步状语从句，连词表示“尽管”，故将If改为Although/Though。,
