1、第一部分 语法突破,考点八 特殊句式和主谓一致,考向研究 特殊句式在写作中的运用；强调句型中that的选择；部分倒装中缺少助动词；主谓一致与动词的时态和语态结合。,特殊句式,主谓一致,跟踪训练,栏目索引,特殊句式,技 法 口 诀,倒装， 强调， there be， 书面表达提档次。,特殊句式的重要性主要体现在书面表达中，它们基本上都是高级句式，它们的应用对于提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。但要注意下列几个问题： 1.不要将强调句型和其他句型相混淆。试比较下列几组句子： (1)It was in 1937 the Anti-Japanese War broke out. It was 1937
2、 the Anti-Japanese War broke out. 分析 that强调句型；when引导时间状语从句。,技法点击,(2)It was in the room I did my experiment. It was the room I did my experiment. 分析 that强调句型；where引导定语从句。 (3)It is for 3 years she has been a League member. It is 3 years she became a League member. 分析 that强调句型；since引导时间状语从句。,2.用强调句型强调时
3、间、地点或原因状语时，一律用that。 3.分清何时用全部倒装，何时用部分倒装。 (1)以下几种情况用全部倒装： 当表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首且主语是名词时； 为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首时； such作表语置于句首时； 直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。,(2)在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装： 表示否定意义的连词或副词位于句首时； 当“only状语(从句)”位于句首时； 在so/such.that.从句中，当“so形容词/副词”或“such名词”位于句首时； 当表示前面所说的肯定
4、(或否定)情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so(或neither/nor)be动词/助动词/情态动词主语”，表示“也是(或也不)”； 省略if的虚拟条件句，把were，had，should提到主语前面时；,as引导的让步状语从句； “may动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。 4.不要把there be句型和it be 混淆。常见的there be句型有：There is no need/use/sense/point/possibility/hope/doubt.等。,1.Not until I was 55 years old I think about all t
5、his. (2018浙江十校联盟适应性考试),答案,解析,解析 考查倒装结构。根据句首的Not until可知，该句应用部分倒装结构，又根据上文中的was可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填助动词did。,did,2. wasnt until 1706 that Thomas Twining founded the worlds first dry tea and coffee shop in London.(2018山东淄博一模改编),解析 句意为：直到1706年，托马斯托宁在伦敦创立了世界上第一家干茶和咖啡馆。此处是强调句式，故填It。,It,过关检测,3.It is not only its
6、vivid pictures but also its deep significance of traditional Chinese food cultures makes it a real hit.,答案,解析,解析 这里是It强调句型，强调not only its vivid pictures but also its deep significance of traditional Chinese food cultures(不仅是鲜明的图片，还有具有重大意义的中国传统影视文化)。故答案为that。,4. is a sausage，an orange and a piece of
7、cheese on the table.,解析 此处考查there be句型，意为“有”。,that,There,技 法 口 诀,谨记三原则， 顺解一致题。,主谓一致,主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一致遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。高考常常将主谓一致与动词的时态、语态结合起来进行综合考查。在记好三原则的同时，还要注意下列几种特殊情况： 1.主语后跟with，along/together with，as well as，but，except，rather than，including，in addition to，like等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持
8、一致。 2.many a/more than one单数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,技法点击,3.不定式、动名词、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数(若句子有表语，可参考表语的单复数来确定)。 4.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 5.there be句型中，be的单复数采取就近原则。,1.About 40,000 tourists visit Antarctica each year.More than five million travel to the Arctic
9、 and sub-Arctic. Transporting tourists to the regions (increase) ship and airplane traffic，adding to the risk of pollution，oil spills，and other environmental damage.(2018安徽六安一中模拟),答案,解析,解析 v.-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数，由语境及上文可知，此处应用一般现在时。所以填increases。,increases,过关检测,2.How children use the devices，rather than
10、how much time they spend on them， (be) the strongest predictor of emotional or social problems. (2018山东德州一模),答案,解析,解析 rather than连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与其前的主语在人称和数上保持一致。本句中句子的主语为how children use the devices，谓语动词与之一致用单数，由语境可知用一般现在时，故填is。,is,3.Yes，the passenger in the blue truck is a dog that (be) used to f
11、ind lost things or follow the tracks of persons and animals.(2018四川德阳二诊),答案,解析,解析 that (be) used to find lost things or follow the tracks of persons and animals作定语，修饰先行词a dog，that指代a dog，所以谓语动词用单数，由主句中的“is”可知应用一般现在时，故填is。,is,4.In that way you can find articles just about anything that (be) related t
12、o the science fields you are interested in.(2018浙江原创冲刺卷八),答案,解析,解析 关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。,is,5.Overall，there (be) no difference in the nutritional content，although organic food was 30% less likely to contain pesticides. (2018浙江名校联考信息卷四),答案,解析,解析 根据句中的was及此处陈述的是过去研究的结果可知，此处
13、应用一般过去时；又因主语是no difference，故谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填was。,was,跟踪训练,答案,解析,.单句语法填空 1.A zebras teeth keep growing for its entire life，because constant chewing (wear) them down.(2018山西榆社中学模拟),解析 constant chewing是句子的主语，是v.-ing形式，在一般现在时中，v.-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以填wears。,wears,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,2
14、.Still，the United Nations (say) that TV continually invites people to explore beyond their living rooms and that is undoubtedly true. (2018河南六市一模),解析 和and后的动词is的时态一致，此处用一般现在时；主语the United Nations指联合国，是一个组织，用第三人称单数。故填says。,says,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,3.It was only when he broke dow
15、n and was sent to hospital for treatment he became fully aware of the value of health. (2018江苏南通、泰州一模),解析 强调句中的only when不倒装。句意为：当他生病被送到医院治疗的时候，他才意识到健康的重要性。故填that。,that,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,4.Rocky is never too busy to eat，too distracted to sleep，or too tired for a walk， does he
16、ever turn down an opportunity to connect. (2018山东聊城一模),解析 句中有否定词never，表示后者也不，前后主语一致，用“neither助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”，句子倒装。故填neither。,neither,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,5.But it wasnt until the mid-19th century the Christmas tree as we now know became custom.(2018河南中原名校质检),解析 此句考查强调句“It is/was
17、被强调部分that其他”。这里强调时间状语until the mid-19th century。句意为：但直到19世纪中期，我们所熟知的圣诞树才成为一种习俗。故填that。,that,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,6.Special fruits (be) a status symbol in Japan，sort of like rare wines in the Western world.(2018全国名校联盟冲刺卷),解析 句意为：在日本，特殊的水果是一种地位的象征，有点像西方国家的稀有葡萄酒。主语是fruits，谓语动词用复数形式
18、，且由句意可知，描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are。,are,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,7.He has donated some money to those who live in poverty，which (be) of great help.,解析 which引导定语从句，指代前边的句子，故动词应用单数，由主句谓语动词可知应用一般现在时。故填is。,is,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,8.Only after Mary read her composition t
19、he second time she notice the spelling mistakes.,解析 “only状语”置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序。由句意可知notice的动作完成了，应用一般过去时，故在she前加助动词did。,did,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,9.At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.,解析 当表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序，句子的主语是an old cott
20、age，故动词用单数，且由从句中的has可知应用一般现在时，故填lies。,lies,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,解析,10.The family manage to send him to a technical school.,解析 强调谓语动词时用助动词do，由句意可知，此处表示过去的动作，故此题应填did。,did,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,.完成句子 11.是我最亲密的家人看到我第一次错误地使用筷子。observed my first mistake I made in using
21、chopsticks.(2018湖北八校联考),It was my closest family that/who,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,12.我像往常一样去了教室。但教室里我的书桌旁，坐着一个我从未见过的女孩子。 I went to the classroom as usual.But there，next to my desk， I had never seen before.(2018天津滨海七校联考),sat a girl,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,13.只有你认识到英语的重要性
22、，你才能全身心地投入其中。you put your heart into it.(2018天津滨海七校联考),Only when you realize the importance of English can,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,14.上个月，我和我的父母一起被邀请去了我在美国的叔叔家。 Last month，I， ， to my uncles in the USA.,together with/along with my parents,was invited,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,答案,15.直到你把作业做完才准出去。you are allowed to go out.,It is not until youve finished your homework that,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,
