1、Chapter 2 Tourism,Skill focus: Memory Training Skill-related Exercises(1)、(2)、(3) Topic Focus: Tourism Background Information Sentence Interpreting Dialogue Interpreting Passage Interpreting,Interpreters Memory,Long-term Memory Short-term Memory (Working Memory) Sensory Memory,The Stage Model of Inf
2、ormation Processing (Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968),The multi store model is a classic model of memory. It is sometimes called the modal model or the dual process model. The multi store model (Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968) describes memory in terms of information flowing through a system. Information is
3、 detected by the sense organs and enters the sensory memory. If attended to this information enters the short term memory. Information from the STM is transferred to the long-term memory only if that information is rehearsed. If rehearsal does not occur, then information is forgotten, lost from shor
4、t term memory through the processes of displacement or decay.,Methods to Improve Memory,Organization Repetition Visualization Chunking Association Note-taking,Organization,Sequential chronological; cause/effect; building to climax. Directional north/south bottom/up or top/down, etc. Transitional (co
5、nnective) relational words or phrases used to indicate qualitative change over time Component (part/whole) classification by category or concept Relevance topic sentence or supporting sentences,Repetition,Experienced interpreters often mentally repeat what the speaker has said previously while still
6、 listening to the on-going speech or interpreting consecutively so as to link all the points together.,Visualization,Students should remind themselves that what they are listening to is interesting and important and create mental pictures, or to visualize what they hear, whenever they can. This visu
7、alization technique works very well for narrative or descriptive speeches.,Chunking,Chunking means to group pieces of data into units. For example, the letters “b e d“ constitute three units of information while the word “bed“ represents one unit even though it is composed of the same number of lett
8、ers. If students learn to chunk, their memory of the content of a passage will be largely improved.,Association,Association in interpreting refers to interpreters deliberate mental connection of what they hear as new information to something they already know or are familiar with in an attempt for e
9、asier recall of the information later on.,More advice,It must be understood that interpreters are ordinary people. With the exception of a few lucky ones, the majority of them are just like you and me. The reason that they can retrieve almost everything they hear (usually with the help of note-takin
10、g, of course) even if the speaker has kept talking for about 4 or 5 minutes is because they have taken conscious efforts to improve their memory.,Background Information,Scenic Spots/ Tourist Attractions Catering Culture/Cuisine Accommodation Transportation,Scenic Spots/ Tourist Attractions,东方明珠 Orie
11、ntal Pearl Television Tower 外滩 The Bund 城隍庙 The City God Temple 豫园 The Yu Garden,Scenic Spots/ Tourist Attractions,丝稠之路 The Silk Road 桂林山水 The Landscape of Guilin 上有天堂，下有苏杭 Up above there is a paradise, down below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou. 五岳（东岳泰山、南岳衡山、西岳华山、北岳恒山和中岳嵩山） Chinas five great mountain
12、s (Mount Tai in East China, the Hengshan Mountain in South China, the Huashan Mountain in West China, the Hengshan Mountain in North China, and the Songshan Mountain in Central China),Scenic Spots/ Tourist Attractions,名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 承德避暑山
13、庄 Chengde Summer Resorts 敦煌莫高窟 the Dunhuang Mogao Grottos 秦始皇陵 Qinshihuangs Mausoleum 兵马俑 terra-cotta soliders and horses 布达拉宫 Potala Palace 亭、台、楼、塔 pavilion、terrace、tower、pagoda,Catering Culture,东甜西辣，南淡北咸 The sweet in the east, the spicy in the west, the light in the south and the salty in the nort
14、h 色，香，味 color, aroma and taste 必胜客 Pizza Hut 肯德基 KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) 麦当劳 MacDonalds 汉堡王 Burger King 寿司 Sushi,Catering Culture,泡菜 kimchi 意大利面 Italian Spaghetti 通心粉 macaroni 葡萄干杏仁布丁 raisin and almond pudding 什锦水果圣代 mixed fruit sundae 生/黑啤 draught/dark beer 香槟酒 champagne 加冰块的/不加冰块的 on the rock
15、s/ straight up 圆转盘 Lazy Susan,中餐常见的翻译方法,烹饪方法 cookery煮 boiling煲炖 stewing煎 frying炒 stir-frying爆 quick-frying炸 deep-frying熏 smoking烤 roasting/barbecuing蒸 steaming红烧 braising with soy sauce,中餐常见的翻译方法,Names of Several Popular Courses 宫保鸡丁Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts熏鱼Smoked Fish咖喱牛肉Stewed Beef wi
16、th curry北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck,Questions,鱼香肉丝清蒸桂鱼什锦炒蔬芙蓉虾仁炒双冬 shredded pork with fish flavor steamed mandarin fish stir-fried mixed vegetables shrimps fried with egg white sauted mushrooms and bamboo shoots,Accommodation,Famous HotelsHiltonShengri-LaRadisonPortman-RitzSheratonIntercontinental HotelCr
17、owne PlazaMarriott InternationalHoliday InnWestin HotelRamadaJin Jiang International,Accommodation,Common Wordshotel lobby 宾馆大堂suite 套房presidential suite 总统套房standard room 标准间revolving restaurant 旋转餐厅check-in/check-out 入离店手续,Transportation,Air Railway Road,World Famous Airlines,British Airlines Virg
18、in Atlantic Northwest Airlines United Airlines China Eastern Airlines Deutsche Lufthansa Air Canada Air China Asiana Airlines Canadian Pacific Cathay Pacific China Airline Korean Airlines US Air,Common Words on Air Transportation,机场大楼 terminal building 侯机大厅 waiting hall 登机 board 起飞时间 departure/take-
19、off time 抵达时间 arrival time 安检 security check 报关 customs declaration,Common Words on Road Transportation,高速公路 motorway/freeway (highway/expressway) 高架桥 flyover 环线 ring road 国道 state highway,Taj Mahal,Buckingham Palace,Niagara Falls,Passage Interpreting (EC),Mount Taishan in the east, Mount Hengshan i
20、n the south, Mount Huashan in the west, Mount Hengshan in the north, and Mount Songshan in the center of China have been called the Five Sacred Mountains since antiquity. Mount Taishan, which snakes through central Shandong Province is admired by Chinese as paramount among them. Another mountain cel
21、ebrated for its beauty is Mount Huangshan in southern Anhui Province, known for its graceful pines, unusual rocks, cloud seas and hot springs.,Passage Interpreting (EC),China National Tourism Administration promotes a tourist theme every year; 1992 was “Friendly Sightseeing Year.“ Then came “Landsca
22、pe Tour,“ “Tour of Cultural Relics and Historical Sites,“ “Folk Customs Tour,“ “Holiday Tour,“ and “Ecological Environment Tour.“ From 2000 to 2004, the themes were “Century Year,“ “Sports and Health of China,“ “Folk Arts of China,“ and “Culinary Kingdom of China,“ and “Catch the Lifestyle.“,Passage Interpreting (CE),中国是一个旅游资源十分丰富的国家，拥有壮丽的山岳河流、丰富多彩的民俗民风、雄伟的古代建筑、数不尽的名胜古迹和各种珍稀奇特的动植物，加之独具特色的戏曲、音乐、舞蹈和享誉世界的美食，每年都吸引着大批的国内外旅游者。,Passage Interpreting (CE),下午是自由购物时间上海素有“购物天堂” “东方巴黎”的美称，旅游者到了上海除了领略大都市的风光外，大都会疯狂购物一番中华商业第一街南京路，是每个旅游者的必到之地高雅的商业文化街淮海路，吸引了一大批充满时尚气息的都市人,
