1、The Year of Genome,Matt Ridley,Free Will,in the religious realm, free will implies that individual will and choices can coexist with an omnipotent divinity.,自由意志(free will)是一个哲学信条。它认为，我们的选择最终取决于我们自己。这个概念涉及决定论(determinism)、非决定论(indeterminism)、道德责任(moral responsibility)、现代物理学、神经病学、精神病学、犹太教、基督教等诸多哲学概念、
2、科学学科及宗教,alien,noun 1 (AmE also non-citizen) (law or technical) a person who is not a citizen of the country in which they live or work外国人: an illegal alien 2 a creature from another world外星人: aliens from outer space,adjective 1 (to sb/sth) strange and frightening; different from what you are used to
3、, thus not usual or acceptable陌生的: an alien environment In a world that had suddenly become alien and dangerous, he was her only security. The idea is alien to our religion. 2 (often disapproving) from another country or society; foreign外国(人)的: an alien culture alien influences that threatened their
4、 way of life 3 connected with creatures from another world外星（人）的: alien beings from outer space,crumple, (sth) (up) (into sth) to crush sth into folds; to become crushed into folds (使)皱，扭曲She crumpled the letter up into a ball and threw it on the fire. (up) if your face crumples, you look sad and di
5、sappointed, as if you might cryHer face crumpled up and she burst into tears. (up) to fall down in an uncontrolled way because you are injured, unconscious, drunk, etc. Synonym: COLLAPSE (使)崩溃，(使)倒坍 He crumpled up in agony.,genetic,gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示“出生，产生”“ generate v 产生；发电（genner+ate
6、 产生电等） generation n 产生；一代（(generate+ion) generator n 发电机；生殖者（generate+or产生电的东西发电机） regenerate v 再生，重生（re再+generate) generous a 慷慨的；丰富的（gener+ous不断产生丰富的，慷慨的） generosity n 慷慨（gener+osity多的状态多产生慷慨）,degenerate v堕落；衰退（de坏+gener+ate往坏产生堕落） genesis n起源，创始（gen+esis名词后缀，原指圣经中的创世纪） genetic a基因的，遗传学的（gen+etic来
7、自gene基因） genus n种类，类属（gen+us生出来就出现不同种类） eugenics n优生学（eu好+gen+ics产生好的优生学） congenial a意气相投的（con共同+gen+ial产生共同兴趣情投意合的） congenital a天生的，与生俱来的（con共同+gen+ital与生俱来天生的） progeny n子孙，后代（pro向前+geny向前产生生命向前子孙） heterogeneous a不同的（hetero异+gen+eous产生不同的） homogeneous a同种的（homo同+gen+eous产生相同的） engender v产生（en使+gend
8、er产生使产生）,dismiss,1 If you dismiss something, you decide or say that it is not important enough for you to think about or consider 不再考虑. I think we can safely dismiss their objections. 2 If you dismiss something from your mind, you stop thinking about it不再想. I dismissed him from my mind. 3 解雇，开除. .th
9、e power to dismiss civil servants who refuse to work. 4 If you are dismissed by someone in authority, they tell you that you can go away from them 遣散. Two more witnesses were called, heard and dismissed. 5 When a judge dismisses a case against someone, he or she formally states that there is no need
10、 for a trial 不予立案，驳回. An American judge yesterday dismissed murder charges against Dr Jack Kevorkian.,amount to,合计；接近 to add up to sth; to make sth as a total: His earnings are said to amount to 300 000 per annum. They gave me some help in the beginning but it did not amount to much (= they did not
11、give me much help). to be equal to or the same as sth:Her answer amounted to a complete refusal.,Four-letter chemical alphabet,DNA exists as two long, paired strands spiraled into the famous double helix. There are only four different chemical bases in DNA (adenine腺嘌呤, thymine胸腺嘧啶, cytosine胞核嘧啶, and
12、 guanine鸟嘌呤), but they can be arranged and rearranged in countless ways.,converge, (on) (of people or vehicles) to move towards a place from different directions and meet to form a large crowd 聚集；汇集:Thousands of supporters converged on London for the rally. (of two or more lines, paths, etc.) to mov
13、e towards each other and meet at a point 交汇，集中:There was a signpost where the two paths converged. if ideas, policies, aims, etc. converge, they become very similar or the same (思想、观点等)趋近 Con+verge,speculate,1 If you speculate about something, you make guesses about its nature or identity, or about
14、what might happen推测，推断. It would be unfair to Debbys family to speculate on the reasons for her suicide. The doctors speculate that he died of a cerebral haemorrhage caused by a blow on the head. The reader can speculate what will happen next. 2 If someone speculates financially, they buy property,
15、stocks, or shares, in the hope of being able to sell them again at a higher price and make a profit （商业）投机. The banks made too many risky loans which now cant be repaid, and they speculated in property whose value has now dropped.,customized,Retailors can repackage combinations of components customi
16、zed for the client.零售商可以为客户重新包装定制的部件组合。 She said the show seems customized for her and offers her opportunities to meet some interesting people in the movie and art circles.她说,这个节目好像专为她量身定作,并让她有机会接触到影艺界一些有趣的人。 Digital genome maps will allow lab technicians to create customized prescription, altering
17、 individual genes by rewriting lines of computer code.绘制出数字化基因组图后,实验室技术人员就可以对症下药,通过改写计算机密码序列改变人体基因。,ferment,Verb to experience a chemical change because of the action of YEAST or bacteria, often changing sugar to alcohol; to make sth change in this way 发酵: (figurative) A blend of emotions fermented
18、inside her. Red wine is fermented at a higher temperature than white. noun U, sing. (formal) a state of political or social excitement and confusion 骚动:a period of intense political ferment The country is in ferment.,1 If you address a group of people, you give a speech to them. He is due to address
19、 a conference on human rights next week. He addressed his remarks to Eleanor, ignoring Maria. 2If you address a problem or task or if you address yourself to it, you try to understand it or deal with it 对付，处理.,address,originate,The hot dog did not originate in the United States, but in Germany. 热狗不是
20、起源于美国，而是德国。 The style of architecture originated from the ancient Greeks. 这种建筑风格起源于古希腊。 Who originated the concept of stereo sound? 立体声是谁发明的？,muse,1 on/about/over sth, that 2 A muse is a person, usually a woman, who gives someone, usually a man, a desire to create art, poetry, or music, and gives th
21、em ideas for it. Once she was a nude model and muse to French artist Henri Matisse.,CREB,神经元内部含有的一种“反应结合蛋白”物质。它是一种聚在脑细胞的分子，作用在于刺激特定基因，制造蛋白质，强化细胞彼此的连接。简而言之，CREB就像细胞自有的强力胶，回忆就固定在细胞传导路径上好几年。没有CREB，记忆还是能维持一段时间，但相当短暂，就像只听过的一遍的电话号码，很难记住。CREB的发现堪称心理学一大盛世。它让各界学者首度窥见永久记忆如何形成。这也意味着人类的心灵或许可任人摆布，超乎前人所能想象。它在大脑神经
22、细胞中活动时，能够帮助激活一些基因，这些基因与长期记忆的形成有关。通过对老鼠进行有关的转基因对比实验，研究人员发现长期记忆能力较强的老鼠，其大脑中所含有的CREB蛋白质经常保持活跃的状态。,* 欧特碧（音乐）(Euterpe)：笛子 * 卡莉欧碧（史诗）(Calliope)：写字板 * 克莉奥（历史）(Clio)：一卷纸和书 * 爱拉托（抒情诗）(Erato)：竖琴和一个玫瑰冠 * 美尔波墨妮（悲剧）(Melpomene)：悲剧性的面具 * 波莉姆妮娅（圣歌）(Polymnia)：一般神情庄重 * 特尔西科瑞（舞蹈）(Terpsichore)：持竖琴舞蹈 * 塔利娅（喜剧）(Thalia)：喜
23、剧面具 * 乌拉妮娅（天文）(Urania)：天球仪,* 欧特碧（音乐）(Euterpe)：笛子 * 卡莉欧碧（史诗）(Calliope)：写字板 * 克莉奥（历史）(Clio)：一卷纸和书 * 爱拉托（抒情诗）(Erato)：竖琴和一个玫瑰冠 * 美尔波墨妮（悲剧）(Melpomene)：悲剧性的面具 * 波莉姆妮娅（圣歌）(Polymnia)：一般神情庄重 * 特尔西科瑞（舞蹈）(Terpsichore)：持竖琴舞蹈 * 塔利娅（喜剧）(Thalia)：喜剧面具 * 乌拉妮娅（天文）(Urania)：天球仪,Cornucopia,corn=horn表示“角” unicorn n 独角兽 cornet n 号角 cornucopia n 丰饶角 The book is a cornucopia of information. 书是知识的宝库.,词组复习,平手 Dead heat 不承认某事物的某种特性 Dismiss sth. as sth. 达到的数字 Amount to 更不用提 Let alone 濒临，处于边缘 On the brink of .,在某一方面 In terms of 绝不(not at all) By no means 任凭某人的摆布 Be at the mercy of sb. 无怪乎 It is no/ little wonder that .,
