1、1,Unit 8 Translation of Tense, Mode & Voice,“三态” 的翻译,By PYSH,2,英语时态的翻译 英语情态的翻译 英语语态的翻译,3,英语中共有16种时态 一般采用增词法将时态译出,She makes a good teacher, as she was a good student.,她过去是个好学生，现在是个好老师。,4,进行时,现在进行时，需要增加“正在”，“在” 过去进行时，可不增词“那时”，也可增词，以通顺为主 将来进行时，一般不加词 现在完成进行时，翻译一般要加词 过去完成进行时，有时不加词，有时要加词 将来完成进行时，可加“就要”、“就
2、有” 过去将来进行时，翻译时可不加 过去将来完成进行时，翻译时要加 “要满”、“就要满”,5,现在进行时 增加“正在”，“在” ，“总是”,I am reading the newspaper. 我在看报纸。 He is always telling, never doing. 他总是只说不做。 be being + adj 表示故意这样的形容词有funny, polite, slow, fast. Your brother is being difficult. 你弟弟故意刁难人。 He is being slow. 他故意慢吞吞的。,6,2. 过去进行时 增词与否，以通顺为主,What w
3、ere you doing last night? 昨晚你在干吗？ He was studying in France.他那时正在法国学习。,7,将来进行时，一般不加词,What will you be doing at eight tomorrow? 明天八点你干什么？,8,4. 现在完成进行时，要加词,Ive been hoping Id have a chance to see the film. 我一直盼望着有机会看这部电影。,9,过去完成进行时 有时不加词，有时要加词,They got the letter they had been expecting. 他们收到了他们（一直）盼望
4、的书信。,10,6. 将来完成进行时 加 “就要”、“就有”,She will have been studying English for five years by the end of the year. 今年年底，她学英语就要满5年了。,11,过去将来进行时 可不加词,I thought you would be sleeping. 我想那会儿你已经睡着了。,12,过去将来完成进行时 加“要满”、“就要满”,She would have been studying English for five years by the end of the year. 到那年年底，她学英语就要满五
5、年了。,13,情态动词,情态动词+动词原形 情态动词+动词现在进行时 情态动词+动词完成时 含义不同,14,情态动词+动词原形 表示对现在或将来的情况的推测 此时动词通常为系动词,I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她现在在哪儿，可能在武汉吧。,15,情态动词+动词现在进行时 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测 译为“应该正在”，“想必正在”,He cant be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话. At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our
6、exam papers. 老师这会儿应该在判卷子呢。,16,情态动词+动词完成时,should +完成时 must + 完成时 could + 完成时,17,“should +完成时” 常表示 “ 本应该做而未做”,John should have come. 约翰本该来的。 I should have expected it. 我本该想到的。,18,“ must + 完成时 ” 意为“ 一定已 ”往往用于肯定句中 其否定形式是 cant , 不是 mustnt,I must have lost it. 我一定是把它弄丢了。 He must have left early . 他肯定走得很早。
7、 He cant have left early . 他不可能早走。,19,“ could + 完成时 ” 用于肯定句中,可以表示“ 本来可以完成而未完成的动作 ” We could have walked to the station;it was so near . 火车站很近，我们本可以走到那的。 也可以表示“猜测”，但不很确定。 I could have lost it there. 我可能把它丢那了。,20,情态动词表示不同推测,He is at home . （ 事实 ） He must be at home .（ 非常可能） He ought to be at home .（ 很
8、可能 ） He could be at home .（ 很可能 ） He may be at home .（ 仅仅可能 ） He might be at home .（ 或许 ）,21,Passive voice in English,译成主动句 译成被动句 译成无主句 意译 特殊句型的翻译,22,译成主动句,主语不变 主语译成宾语，根据上下文增加适当主语 译成“把” “使” 字句 译成系表结构，“是的”,23,主语不变,The euro was inspired by the idea of creating “a country called Europe”. 欧元诞生于“欧洲一体化”的设
9、想。 In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends. 搬家时大部分家具要么给了邻居，要么给了朋友。 On their domestic stations events in the Middle East was dismissed briefly. 在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只是轻描淡写地提了一下。 The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced. 全球核冲突的危险已大为降低
10、。,24,主语译成宾语，根据上下文增加适当主语,It must be admitted that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics. 必须承认，这些统计数字反映了许多不满情绪。 It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt. 如果人们尚未感到损失，那倒奇怪了。 He cannot be deterred from his plan. 没人能阻止他实施计划。If you had spoken clearly，you would have bee
11、n understood 要是你早先说清楚，别人是会理解你的。,25,译成“把” “使” 字句,By evening, the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight oclock curfew. 至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟的宵禁把人们从街上都赶走了。 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这个著名旅馆几乎被毁。,26,译成系表结构，“是的”,The decision to a
12、ttack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence. 总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的。 The old womans body was found at the end of the alley. 老妇人的尸体是在小巷尽头发现的。 Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man. 地球早期的火肯定是大自
13、然而不是人类点燃的。,27,译成被动句,“被”， “给”，“遭”， “受” ，“由”“为所”,28,“被”, “给”, “遭”, “受”, “由”,His passport was confiscated. 他的护照被人没收了。 The dishes were all removed before I had finished eating. 我还没有吃完盘子就都给收掉了。 He was set upon by 2 masked men. 他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。 They were given hearty welcome. 他们受到了热烈欢迎。 Natural light or “whi
14、te” light is in fact made up of many colors. 自然光或者“白光” 由许多种颜色组成。,29,“为所”,The late 1960s was a period of revolt against traditional values in US. Parents ideas were scorned by their children, who accused them of being too concerned with money. 美国的20世纪60年代后期是对传统观念叛逆的年代。父母的想法为孩子们所不齿；孩子们指责父母过于看重金钱。 She
15、was so impressed by the special gift her students gave her. 她为学生们送的特殊礼物所深受感动。,30,译成无主句,Great efforts should be made to inform young people of the dreadful consequences of taking up smoking. 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟上瘾的可怕后果。 New source of energy must be found, and this will take time. 必须找到新的能源，这需要时间。 American p
16、risoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels. 允许美国俘虏领取红十字会的食品包裹。,31,Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. 本世纪研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的或许就数气垫船了。 When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks，which
17、provide a secure alternative to carrying your money in cash. 旅游时，建议你使用旅行支票，这比携带现金安全。,32,意译,Nowadays people usually prefer driving to being driven. 现在人们喜欢自己开车，而不喜欢坐别人开的车。,33,特殊句型的翻译 以it作形式主语的被动语态句型,不加主语 可加主语,34,不加主语,It is hoped that希望 It is reported that据报道 It is said that据说 It is supposed that据推测 It is admitted that必须承认 It is pointed out that必须指出 It is seen from this that由此可见,35,可加主语,It is asserted that人们主张 It is suggested that有人建议 It is well known that众所周知 It is considered that大家认为 It was told that有人说过,
