1、The Subjunctive Mood 虚 拟 语 气,Grammar,会昌中学 周红莲,英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.,If he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If the God _(give) me another chance，I_ (tell) the
2、girl three words: I love her! If our love _ (have to) be set a time limit, I wish it _ (be)10,000 years!,should /were to give/gave,would tell,had to,would be,Have fun,如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会， 我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。 如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是-一万年!,一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法,时态,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,did / were,would/co
3、uld/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/ might + V.(原),had done,2. If I had taken your advice, Iwouldnt have made a mistake.,If I had time, I would cometo see you.,3. If it should rain tomorrow, theywouldnt go for an outi
4、ng.,(现在),(过去),(将来),if虚拟条件句的倒装: if 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词时,可把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首构成倒装。,If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.,Had I h
5、ad time, I would have run round thatlake again.,If there should not be sunlight, peoples life would be difficult.,Should there not be sunlight, peoples life would be difficult.,1. _ I a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.A. am B. was C. are D. were,2. _ it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be
6、 put off to next week.A. would B. should C. could D. will,3. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked B. if Bob should walk C. had Bob walked D. if Bob walked,if条件句中的错综虚拟或混合虚拟：,若主从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。 If the
7、weather had been better, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,1.If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would know B. had asked would have known C. asked him know D. had asked would know,2. _his advice, I wouldn
8、t enjoy the loving relationship that I now do with my family. A. If I Do not take B. If I did not takeC. Had I not takenD. Should I not take,withoutbut forotherwiseor等构成的含蓄虚拟。(but for要不是),Without sunlight, peoples life would be difficult .But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.,1.Withou
9、t his help, I (fail),2.But for water, it (be) possible to live in the desert.,would have failed.,wouldnt be,4. Jack cant have arrived yet, otherwise he _ me. A. would phoned B. phonedC. would have phoned D. had phoned,3. She was very busy, otherwise she _ the meeting. had come B. would come C. would
10、 have come D. came,二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法A.用于宾语从句,wish + 宾语从句,现在： 过去： 将来：,过去时 (did/were),过去完成时 (had done),would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird. (现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (将来),I wish every day my birthday.,were,2. would rather,现在： 过去： 将
11、来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时 (did/were),过去完成时 (had done),过去时 (did/were),这些动词接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可省略。,3. 表建议、命令、要求、坚持等的动词如：两坚持：insist，urge 两命令：order, command 四建议：advise, suggest, propose， r
12、ecommend 四要求：demand , require, request, desire,4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。,We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.,2.他坚决要求我到场。,He insisted that I (should) be present.,3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。,The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send
13、them to work there.,注意：以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句） 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式用 ( Should )do,order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,B.用于主语从句中Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that - 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即谓语用(should)+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign langu
14、age. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A. took B. have to takeC. must take D. take,D,2.His suggestion that you sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,A,三. 用于 as if /though 引导的 从句
15、,现在： 过去：,过去时did were,过去完成时had done,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,四. 用于定语从句：Its (about/high) time+that ,should +V
16、 (should不省）,过去时did were,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,五. 用于If only 引导的感叹句 （用法同wish） If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们
17、住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,Quick Review:,二.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,三.虚拟语气的倒装、错综虚拟和含蓄虚拟,四.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法,五.用于as if /though 引导的从句,七.用于If only 引导的感叹句 （用法和wish一样）,六.用于定语从句：Its (about/high) time +that.,一.虚拟语气的定义,Exercise,倒计时,1.The teacher agreed
18、 to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given,2.Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he _ an Englishman. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been,3._ more careful, his ship
19、would not have sunk. If the captain were Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been,4.If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew,5, Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. had studied,6, Mr. Li required the computer equipment referred _ used in every classroom. A. should be B. have to be C. to be D. to being,Thank you!,
