1、1,新编英汉翻译教程 A NEW COURSEBOOK ON ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION,第六章 翻译技巧之 加注和释义,2,I.加注法（Annotation）,由于英汉文化存在许多差异,因此英语中某些文化词语在汉语中根本就没有对等词,形成了词义上的空缺。在这种情况下,英译汉时常常要采用加注法来弥补空缺。加注通常可以用来补充诸如背景材料,词语起源等相关信息,便于读者理解。 加注法可分为: 音译加注(transliteration + annotation ) 直译加注(literal translation + annotation),3,一、音译加注(transl
2、iteration + annotation )： 指音译后附加解释性注释。注释可长可短,可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。,4,1.音译加注可用来翻译单个词语，尤其是某些名词:pizza 比萨饼 Toyota 丰田车 Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠 Poseidon 波塞冬（希腊神话中的海神） Sauna 桑拿浴（芬兰式的一种蒸汽浴） clone 克隆(一种无性繁殖方法) sauna 桑拿浴(源于芬兰的一种蒸汽浴) AIDS 爱滋病(一种性免疫缺损综合症) Saint Valentines Day 圣挖伦廷节（情人节，2月14日）,5,2. 音译加注法也可以用来翻译句中的词语，例如： (
3、1) Like a son of Bachus, he can drink up two bottles of whisky at a breath. 他简直像酒神巴赫斯*的儿子,能一口气喝光两瓶威士忌. *巴赫斯是古希腊神话中的酒神.,6,(2)A dead leaf fell in Soapys lap. That was Jack Frosts card. 一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头.那是杰克弗罗斯特*的名片. *杰克弗罗斯特(Jack Frost)是英文里对“寒霜”的拟人称号. (3)You look like AL-Capone in that suit. 你穿上那套衣服,看上去就像个
4、流氓阿尔卡彭*了. *阿尔卡彭是美国历史上一著名歹徒,芝加哥犯罪集团的一首领.,7,He saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes. 他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服，被恭恭敬敬的引进了象里兹饭店一般豪华的旅馆客房里下榻。 （里兹饭店：原为瑞士人里兹1850-1919开设，以豪华著称。,8,二、直译加注：,指直译原文,并附加解释性注释。注释可长可短,既可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。,9,1.直译加注可用来翻译单个词语尤其是某些专有名词，例如：Big Apple 大苹果 (纽约的别称) mad
5、-cow disease 疯牛病(牛海绵状脑病) Oval Office 椭圆形办公室(美国白宫总统办公室) Desert Storm 沙漠风暴(1991年美国领导的多国部队对伊拉克实施的军事打击行动),10,fly girl 飞飞女（指时髦撩人的年轻女子） tree hugger 紧抱树干的人（指极端环境保护主义者） Zero Ground 零地带（指纽约世贸大厦2001年9月11日遭两架被劫持的飞机撞击坍塌后所形成的瓦场，源出自原子弹着陆后的爆炸点） Sesame Street 芝麻街（指美国儿童连续节目，每天一小时，主要为动画片、游戏、木偶戏等）,11,2.直译加注法也可用于翻译句中的词
6、语（1） But I am short-tempered, frazzled from all responsibilities. I am the “sandwich generation”*, caught between kids and parents. 但我的脾气不好，都是这些事给烦的。我是个夹在孩子和父母之间的“三明治人”。（*三明治人：指既要照顾孩子又要照顾父母的人）,12,(2) People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人们认为他在那种场合所
7、表演的不过是犹大之吻，居心险恶。,13,(3)It was Friday *and soon theyd go out and get drunk. 星期五发薪日到了,他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉. *星期五Friday为英国的发薪日.(4) Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osborn in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Friday. 他没有认识奥斯本之前,已经暗暗佩服他.如今便成了他的听差,他的狗,他的忠仆星期五*. *星期五(Friday)是鲁滨逊漂流记故
8、事中Robinson Crusoe的忠实奴仆.,14,(5) While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr. Alistair Cookes excellent article. 我想给阿利斯太尔库克先生的杰作稍加几笔,尽管这也许是为百合花上色,费力不讨好. *在西方人眼里,百合花是高贵,贞洁,美丽的象征,故为百合花上色自然是做徒劳无益之事. (6)The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to
9、Newcastle. 刚下一场及时雨,那人却又为草坪浇水,真是把煤运到纽卡斯尔,多此一举. *纽卡斯尔:英国煤都.,15,(7)I am as poor as Job, my lord, but not so patient. 我象约伯*一样穷的,大人,可是却没有他那样的好耐心. 约伯*在圣经中以忍耐贫穷著称. (8) At all events the war has done one good thing for us. Its smashed up the power of the aristocracy. The Boer War started it, and 1914 put th
10、e lid on. 不管怎样,战争还是为我们做了一件好事,就是把贵族势力一扫而光。布尔战争开始对它有所触动,而1914年的世界大战终于使它荡然无存。 *布尔战争:1899-1902年英国人与布尔人之间的战争.,16,II.释义法( Paraphrase),一、 释义(paraphrase)是指舍弃原文中的具体表达形式和比喻形象,采取解释性的方法译出原文的意思。,17,1。在翻译一些具有鲜明民族色彩的词语(如成语,典故)时,如果直译不能使译入语读者明白意思,而加注又使译文太噜嗦,可采用释义法将原文的意思传达出来。,18,Billsnew girlfriend is certainly a kno
11、ckout. 比尔新结识的女朋友确实是个迷人的姑娘。I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse. 我不知道他是不是内奸。This man is the black sheep of the family. 这个人是家庭中的害群之马。We are one nation, one people. 我们是全国一体，全民一体。,19,2.释义法也可以用来翻译某些不可直译成汉语的英语表达形式，或是处理那些虽可直译成汉语但表达效果不是令人费解就是不够简练的英语表达形式。,20,He was smooth and agreeable. 他待人处事，八面玲珑。What is k
12、nown is that weight extremes in either direction are definitely unhealthy.众所周知，过度肥胖或消瘦都肯定是不健康的。,21,She scolded her maid and was as cross as two sticks.她骂斥自己的女仆,而且脾气非常不好. The young girl thumbed her way to the passing cars. 那个年轻的姑娘站在路边不停地向来往的汽车摆动着竖起的拇指表示她要搭车.,22,二、采用释义要注意：,1.释义要准确，要有根据，不能胡乱解释； 2.应保持译文
13、行文简洁，不能把译文搞得拖沓臃肿。,23,例如： Early Regan was a mirror image of early Carter. 愿译：上台时的里根有着执政初期卡特的镜子形象。 改译：里根上台时做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。 The study had s Spartan look. 愿译：这间书房有一种斯巴顿式的形象。 改译：这间书房有一种简朴的形象。,24,Exercises：as drunk as a fiddler 酩酊大醉 bring down the house 全场喝彩as rich as Croesus十分富有,25,Exercises： Clearly a
14、tug of war over key policies continues between the pragmatic and ideological camps. 不言而喻,注重务实的和强调意识形态的两大营垒还会在重大政策上争吵不休.,26,The more you try to hide, the more you are exposed.欲盖弥彰。He acts a lot older than his years. 他年纪轻轻，做事却相当老练。,27,Nothing, whether a weighty matter or small detail, was overlooked.
15、事无巨细，无一遗漏。Its not easy to become a member of that club-they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick, and Harry. 要参加那个俱乐部并非易事他们只吸收手头阔绰的人,而不是普通百姓.,28,Little in his childhood suggested he would someday become a bridge across Latin and Anglo cultures. 他童年时代没有表现出他会成为沟通拉丁文化
16、与英国文化的桥梁.,29,Our son must go to school. He must break out of the pot that holds us in. 我们的儿子一定得上学,一定要出人头地.She and her mother are as like as two peas. 她和她母亲长得一模一样.,30,Like many other Southerners, I came to seek my fortune in one of those pot-at-the-end-of-the-rainbow factories along Euclid Avenue. 像许多其他的南方人一样,我也来到这儿,沿着尤克利德大道的那些根本不可能给我们提供工作的工厂找工作,做发财梦.,31,When I go around on speaking engagements, they all expect me to assume a Quaker-Oats look.我应邀外出演讲时,他们都指望我摆出一付毫无表情,一本正经的面孔.,
