1、被动语态翻译,被动语态是英语中动词的一种变化形式，表示句子的谓语动词和其主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。被动句的主语实际上是谓语动词动作的承受者。英语被动句把所要说明的人或事物放在主语的位置上，突出了行为的对象，因此较少主观色彩。被动语态的广泛使用是英语有别于汉语的又一个特点。汉语中虽也有被动句，但使用范围较狭窄，许多被动意义的句子是用无主句或主动的形式来表达的。,I was beaten up by my father yesterday. 昨天我被爸爸狠狠地打了一顿。 昨天我爹狠狠地打了我。/狠狠地把我揍了一通。 昨天我挨了老爸一顿狠揍。 昨天我让老爸暴打/猛K了一通。 昨天我给/叫我爸狂扁
2、了一通。,Converting the Passive voice into the active,英语被动句译成汉语主动句，是最常见的方法 1.keeping the original subject unchangedThe oil of the world will have been used up, and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom. 全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。,X-ray examination of
3、 the chest and heart should be routinely performed. 胸部和心脏X线检查应列为常规。,Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. 每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转变为另一种形式。,2.change original object into subject,Communications satellites are used for international live transmission throughout the w
4、orld. 全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。 Many new opportunities will be opened up in the course of time for those with a university education. 今后具有大学文化水平的人将会获得更多的就业机会。,3.Changing the passive into the predicative verb,How can a series of motionless, or still, pictures be blended on a sreen to produce motion pictur
5、es? 一组不动的即静止的图片是怎样在银幕上连到一起合成电影的呢？,the volume is not measured in square millimeters. it is measured in cubic millimeters. 体积不是以平方毫米计算，而是以立方毫米计算。,4.Adding a proper subject to make the Chinese version smooth,To explore the moons surface , rockets were lauchedd again and again. 为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。,I
6、t is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人相信 It is well known that 众所周知 It will be said that 人们会说 It was told that人们曾说 I was told that 我听说,5.Converting the passive voice into a subjectless sentence,the unpleasant noise must be immediately put to an end. 必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪声。 It is hoped that 希望 It is r
7、eported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 Its must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that必须指出,Keeping the passive structre unchanged,某些情况下，原文主语确实处于某种不利的境地，可以按汉语习惯分别用“被” “遭” “受” “为. 所 . ” 等字眼。注意，汉语的 “受”“为. . 所. ” 等字比较中性，如： 受表扬，受批评， 等等，翻译时可忽略其负面含义。“ 遭“，“挨 “则只用于负面含义， 如： 遭罪，
8、 遭袭击， 挨打，挨骂。,With the help of a microscope you can watch the integrated circuits being separated and tested. 利用一架显微镜，你可以看到集成电路正在被分离和被测试的情况。 The window pane was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded. 窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。,She is greatly respected by everyone. 她深受大家的尊敬。 He was laughed at
9、by his neighbours. 他遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。,Replacing the passive voice with other means,某些情况下，英汉语言结构差异太大，很难套用原文的结构，我们可跳出原文的圈子，用意译来表达原文的含义。 the village is populated by about 13000 farmers. 这个村子里住着大约13000个农民. Many trees are denuded of leaves in winter. 大多数数目冬天要落叶。 she was delivered of a boy. 她生了个男孩。,She and her h
10、usband have been asked out for the banquet. 她和丈夫应邀赴宴去了。 He has been wedded to translation. 他与翻译接下了不解之缘。,The Passive strucures in Chinese -English translation,汉译英所面临的被动结构一般有三种情况， 一是带有“被” “遭” “受” “挨” 等被动标签的句子；二是看似主动，实为被动的不带被动标签的句子，而后者更为常见；第三类完全具有主动意义的含义，考虑到表达重心的需要，为了句子主次关系的衔接连贯，需要将其处理为被动结构。,1.Chinese
11、sentences with passive labels,月底，他因不胜任工作而被解雇了。 He was fired for incompetence at the end of the month. 他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。 He was set upon by two masked men. 所有的建筑物均为一场大火所焚毁。 All the buildings were destroyed in a big fire.,2. Chinese sentences without passive labels,这座桥将在今年年底建成。 The construction of the bri
12、dge will be completed by the end of this year. 这个问题正在研究。 The problem is now being studied. 来宾请出示入场卷。 Visitors are requested to show their tickets.,3.Converting “active“ structures into the passive voice,我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝“十一”国庆节。 National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct.1 by the Chinese people
13、 of all nationalities. 中美建立了外交关系。 Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United State of America. 一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。 Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions. 他出现在舞台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the
14、audience.,4.The translaiton of some idiomatic Chinese expression,众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。 It is well-known that gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of the ancient Chinese people. 据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守造成的。 It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence. 必须指出，有些问题需要澄清。 It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be classified.,
