1、College EnglishBook 4 卢冠东 编讲 QQ:403096966更多资源访问：攀登英语网更多资源访问：攀登英语网Henan University of Urban Construction Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8Unit 1Unit 1 Fighting with the Forces of NatureText A The Icy DefenderTeaching Plan Objectives :1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text ;2.
2、do a comparison and contrast between Napoleons invasion of Russia and Hitlers invasion of the Soviet Union ;3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text ;4. conduct a series of reading ,listening ,speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit . Man chan
3、ges nature in order to live . However ,man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature . When Napoleon and Hitler finally realized their arrogance (傲慢 ) , it was already too late .When you read this text , please pay attention to the subtitles in the text . Thus youll have a better unde
4、rstanding of the text structure .(注意标题 ,小标题 )Then youd better read Parts I (introduction) Clues for reading the text andthe main contentsand IV (conclusion) , as they have a close connection . And sum up the main ideas of each part .Next , read Part II and Part III , which are facts about Napoleons
5、military campaign against Russia and Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet Union respectively .And sum up the main ideas . Of Part II and Part III .Finally , analyze the similarities and differences between the two invasions in the form of a table . (培养 比较相同性 ,对比差异性 的能力 )A Comparison-and-Cont
6、rast of the Two Invasions :invading country France Germany country invaded Russia Soviet Unionstarter of war Napoleon Hitler starting time of invasionSpring ,1812 6 /22 / 1941strength of invading force600,000 the largest land campaign in historyprediction quick victory, conquest of Russia in 5 weeks
7、 Blitzkrieg (lightning war), lasting no longer than 3 monthsinitial resistance strategyrefusing to stand and fight ; retreating eastwards ,burning crops and homes “scorch the earth”, fierce fight to defend major cities capture of Russian capital yes nomajor battles Smolensk ,Borodino ,the Berezina R
8、iverLeningrad ,Stalingradtruce offer by Napoleon , rejected by the Czarno biggest enemy for the invading forcesnow ,freezing temperatureheavy rain , “General Mud”, snow, freezing temperatureturning point October 1812 , when Napoleon ordered a retreat 1943, when the Soviet troops pushed the German fo
9、rces backfate of the invading forceonly 100,000 survivedheavy losseswar-starters fate Napoleon abdicated and went into exile ,his empire at an endHitler committed suicide ,his empire collapsingAnalyze the difficult sentences 1. To his surprise ,the Russians refused to stand and fight . (line 20)to h
10、is (my) surprise ， 使他（我）惊奇的是to ones delight ， 说来真使某人高兴to my great relief ，使我大为欣喜的是(much) to my regret ， 非常抱歉to ones disappointment , 失望的是 2. Borodino , 112 Kilometer west of Moscow .(line 32)莫斯科以西 112公里远in the east (of) 在 的东部on /to the east of 在 的东方west of 在 的西面lie north and south 横亘南北 3. By nightfa
11、ll ,thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians Lay dead or wounded on the battlefield (lines 32-34).学习 vi + adj. construction :有时一个不及物动词后跟一个形容词（或名词），说明主语的状态或特征，作用接近表语，这样的句子也可以说包含了一个复合谓语。如： He sat silent at the table .他坐在桌旁一言不发。（ = He sat at the table and he was silent .）A rich old lady
12、lay dead at home that day .(= She lay at home and she was dead that day .) 又如：fall ill , stand still , fall asleep ,marry young , etc.He died a martyr (n. 烈士 ) to his country.他为国牺牲 .(此为名词示例 ) 第一课 . Language Study 1. in the case of: as far as . is concerned至于，就 来说 Examples: The rise in interest rate
13、will be disastrous in the case of small firms. Formal training will take at least 3 years in the case of interior decoration. 2. stand / get / be in the way: prevent from doing sth.挡道 ;妨碍 Examples: Many teachers complain that they cant make any improvement in teaching methods as the existing exam sy
14、stem is in the way. I dont think kids have as much fun as we used to. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of their development. 3. raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed adj. 阴冷的 ;生的 ;未加工的 Examples: The events took place on a raw February morning. This cutti
15、ng board is only used to cut raw meat. Industrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption. 4. launch: start; send (sth.) on its course vt.开始 ;发射 Examples: Beginning in the early 19608, humans launched probes to explore other planets. On Octobe
16、r 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the worlds first artificial satellite, called Sputnik. 5. campaign: a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular aim n.战役 ;运动 Examples: Hitlers advisers tried to persuade him to avoid the risks of a winter campaign in the Soviet Union
17、and wait until spring. Some people complained that too much money had been spent on political campaigns. 6. efficient: able to work well or producing a satisfactory result without wasting time or resources adj.效率 Examples: Remote terminals in the home, connected to data banks, make the home the most
18、 efficient place to work in many cases. To cut back on fossil fuels, we should build more efficient cars. 7. conquest: conquering, defeat n.征服 ,战胜 Examples: The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany. Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be sim
19、ple. 8. decisive: producing a definite result or conclusion; having or showing the ability to decide quickly adj.决定性的 ,果断的 Examples: Most of the decisive land campaigns of World War i occurred on the continent of Europe. Lincoln took decisive measures to end slavery. The adoption of the curt is wide
20、ly viewed as a decisive step toward a single European government. 9. retreat: move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty vi.退却 Examples: After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward. We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat,
21、 we pursue. 10. be / get bogged down: be unable to make progress陷入泥潭 ;不有前进 Examples: Most of the tanks were bogged down because of mechanical defects and inexperienced crews. The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilitie
22、s. 11. engage: begin fighting with sb.; (cause to) take part in or do etc. v.与 交战 ;使从事 ;占有 (时间 ,精力等 ) Examples: The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately. I have no time to engage in gossip. We failed to engage any active support for our project. engage (sh.) in sth. : (caus
23、e to) take part in sth. Examples: They are currently engaged in lengthy wade negotiations. The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation. 12. be faced with: have to deal with面临 ;要对付 Examples: The librarians were faced with the huge task of listing all the books. I am faced with the awful j
24、ob of breaking the news to the boys family. 13. crucial very important (followed by to) adj.至关重要的 Examples: Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery. 14. take a gamble: take a risk冒险 Examples: The company took
25、a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off. I think shes taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks. 15. press on / ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way (used in the pattern: press on/ahead (with sth.)(不顾困难 )继续前进 Examples: Our school authorities are keen to pre
26、ss on with educational reform. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on. 16. occupation: the seizure and control of a country or areas; (ones) trade, profession, or business. n.占领 ;职业 Examples: During the Japanese occupation of China, millions of innocent Chinese people we killed by Japan
27、ese soldiers. Many schools have struggled to meet the educational requirements of new technology- based occupations. 17. bide ones time: wait patiently for a chance等待时机 Examples: His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies. He bided his time until Harvard University offe
28、red him a professorship. 18. minus: below zero; made less by; negative, slightly lower than the mark stated prep.零下 ;减 ; adj.负的，稍低 Examples: Tomorrows temperature will be as low as minus ten degrees centigrade. 20 minus 10 is 10, I got B minus in the final examination. 19. drag on: move slowly and w
29、ith effort; continue endlessly and tediously缓慢费力地走 ;拖延 Examples: These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year. How much longer is the meeting going to drag on? 20. stroke: any of a series of repeated movements; single successful or effective action or occurrence; blow n.一次 ;一回 ;一下 ;
30、一击 Examples: I saw a chance of solving all my problems at a stroke. He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer. He won a car in the lottery last week. Thats Iris first stroke of good luck. 21. at the cost of: with the loss of以 为代价 Examples: Berhman saved Johnsy at the cost of his own life. The
31、 local government developed its economy but at the cost of environment. 22. limp: walk with difficulty, esp. when one foot or leg is hurt vi.一瘸一拐地走 ;跛行 I injured my ankle and had to limp. 23. weaken: (cause to) become weak or weaker v. (使 )虚弱 ; (使 )变弱 Examples: The Asian financial crisis severely we
32、akened some countries. Pneumonia often proves fatal to people with a weakened immune system. 24. alliance: a union or an association formed for mutual benefit, esp. between countries or organizations. n.联盟 Examples: NATO is considered as the most powerful military alliance in modem history. Japan an
33、d Germany made their formal alliance in 1940. 25. invasion: an entering or being entered by an attacking military force n.入侵 ;侵略 Examples: The country remained free from invasion for 60 years. On Hitlers orders, the invasion of Poland began on September 1, 1939. 26, declaration: formally announcing;
34、 a formal announcement (followed by of) n.宣部 ;宣言 Examples: The opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war than offerings of peace. The Japanese attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7.1941 without a declaration of war. 27. catch sb. off guard: take sb. by surp
35、rise 趁某人不防 Examples: The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard. The manager didnt know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off guard. 28. instruct: give orders or directions to (sb,) (used in the patterns: instruct sb, to do sth.; instruct sb. that; instruct sb. with qu
36、ote); teach (sb.) (used in the pattern: instruct sb. in /on sth.) vt.指示 ,命令 ;讲授 Examples: The family has instructed solicitors to sue Thomson for compensation. The professor instructed us that we bad one month to conduct the project. “Go and have a word with her, Ken,“ Peter instructed. He instructe
37、d family members in nursing techniques. 29. render: cause (sb./sth.) to be in a specified condition (same as make) vt.使成为 ;致使 (处于某种状况 ) Examples: Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake. The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours. He was rendered unconscious by a
38、 blow on the back of the neck. 30. casualty: a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident n.伤亡人员 ;死伤者 Examples: The precise number of casualties in yesterdays bomb explosion is not known. First reports of the traffic accident tell of more than 50 casualties. 31. die from / of: have as
39、the cause of death死于 Examples: Some animals died of starvation in the snow. All the plants were dying from lack of rain. 32. siege: a military operation in which an army tries to capture a town, etc.by stopping the supply of food, etc. to the people inside n.围困 ,包围 ,围观 Examples: We must do everythin
40、g possible to lift the siege. They are hopeful of bringing the siege to a peaceful conclusion. The city was under siege for six months. 33. bring to a halt: stop completely使停止 Examples: Air traffic in Poland had been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers strike. Our journey was brought to
41、a halt by a storm. 34. offensive: aggressive action, attack n.进攻 adj.进攻的 ,冒犯的 ,使人不快的 Examples: The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion. In January 1944 a Soviet offensive raised the long siege of Leningrad. adj. used for or connected with attack; causing sb. to feel upse
42、t, or annoyed; very unpleasant Examples: Faced with the invasion, they took immediate offensive action. He made crude jokes that are offensive to women. There is an offensive smell in the room. 35. turn the tide (against): change what looks like defeat into victory (over)改变局势 ,转败为胜 Examples: The app
43、earance of Joan of Arc turned the tide of war. Soviet victory in Stalingrad turned the tide of the war in Europe. 36. thanks to: because of由于 ,因为 Examples: Thanks to her financial support, the two children in the remote village could go to school. Thanks to their tireless efforts, the performance wa
44、s a great success. 37. heroic: having the characteristics of a hero; very brave adj.英雄的 ,英勇的 Examples: The soldier saved the girl at the cost of his own hie. His heroic deeds were appreciated by all the people in the community. He was famed for his heroic deeds during the war. 38. region: area n.地区
45、Example: In recent years increasing numbers of tourists have visited Antarctica to appreciate the regions majestic scenery and wildlife. 39. reckon: count; consider; think v.计算 ;认为 Examples: The existence of the U.S. is reckoned from the Declaration of Independence. Many people reckon him to be a gr
46、eat basketball player. be reckoned with: be taken into consideration Examples: All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose. She is a woman to be reckoned with. 40. toll: the number of people or animals killed or injured in particular circumstances; money paid for the use of a bridge or
47、road n.伤亡人数;(路 ,桥 )通行费 造成损失 (伤亡等 ) Examples: The toll of road deaths and injuries is on the rise. The local government was allowed to charge tolls for the use of the roads. take its / a toll: cause damage, injuries or deaths (often followed by of/ on) Examples: The famine took a toll of 3,000,000 lives. His hard work has taken its toll on his stomach. High wages have taken their toll on the
