1、第一篇 中考语言基础知识第 8 课 八上 Units 78课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. holiday 假期；假日2. paper 纸3. planet 行星4. earth 地球5. plant 种植；植物6. already 已经；早已7. even 甚至8. shape 形状9. during 在期间10. word 单词；词；话11. machine 机器12. hole 洞；孔；坑13. autumn 秋季14. fill 充满；装满15. cover 遮盖；盖子词汇拓展1. pollute（v.）pollution（n.）污染；污染物2. environment（n.） e
2、nvironmental（adj.）环境的；周围的；有关环境的3. peace（n.）peaceful（adj.）和平的；安宁的4. danger（n.）dangerous （adj.）有危险的；不安全的5. believe（v.）belief（n.）相信；依赖；信仰；信条believable（ adj.）可信的unbelievable （反义词）令人难以置信的6. agree（v.）agreement（n.）同意；赞成；承认disagree（v.）不同意；不赞成；不承认disagreement（n.）不一致；异议；分歧7. fall（ v.） fell （过去式）fallen（过去分词）fa
3、lling（现在分词）倒塌；跌倒；掉落9. shake（n. 一般疑问式是 Will sb./sth. do.?。There will be=There is going tobe，表示“将会有” 。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. There （be） an English party tomorrow evening.2. Have you washed the clothes?Not yet. But I （wash） them in half an hour.二、.be able to do sth.能做【例句展示】1. On the weekend, Ill be able
4、to dress more casually.周末，我能穿得更随意些。2. I ran after the bus, but wasnt able to catch it.我跑着追那辆公共汽车，可是没能赶上。【归纳提高】be able to 意为“有能力做某事；会做某事” 。1. can 和 be able to 都表示做事的能力时，两者可以通用，但 can 只能用于一般现在时，其变形 could 可用于一般过去时，而 be able to 可以用于任何时态。如：He can（=is able to） speak English.他能说英语。Mike could（ =was able to）
5、swim when he was six years old.迈克 6 岁时就能游泳。Ill be able to speak Japanese in another few months.再过几个月我就会说日语了。2. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用 be able to，而不能用 can/could。如：The plane was able to fly over the mountain, and the passengers felt safe.飞机能飞过这座山，乘客们感到安全了。3. 情态动词 can 还可以表请求、许可等，此时 could 不表示过去时态，它只是一种委婉的语
6、气。另外情态动词 can 还可以表猜测。【活学活用】用 be able to 或 can 的适当形式填空。1. We are sure he will be an artist when he grows up.2. Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you .3. This book be Toms. His is much older than it.三、Do you know how to plant a tree?你知道如何栽树吗？【例句展示】1. I dont know how to use the machine. 我不知道怎样使用这台机器。2. I
7、 dont know what I should do next. =I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来该怎么办。3. I didnt decide which room to live in. 我没有决定住哪个房间。4. I didnt decide where to live. 我没有决定住哪儿。5. I dont know what to do. 我不知道做什么。6. I dont know how to do it. 我不知道怎样做它。【归纳提高】how to plant a tree 是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作谓语动词 know 的宾语
8、。“疑问词+动词不定式”的常见考点：（1） “疑问词+动词不定式”的同义句转换。（2）动词后是否加介词。（3）动词后面是否需要宾语。注：在例 5 中 what 作 do 的宾语，所以不能再加 it；在例 6 中 how 是疑问副词，作状语，所以需要 it 作do 的宾语。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 我不知道如何做香蕉奶昔。I dont know a banana milk shake.2. 我不知道把书放在哪里。I dont know the book.3. 他不知道住哪个房间。He doesnt know which room .中考词语辨析一、hundred 与 hundred
9、s of【例句展示】1. They agree it may take hundreds of years.他们一致认为这可能要花几百年的时间。2. Over two hundred students visited the farm last Sunday.上星期天两百多个学生参观了农场。【辨异突破】1. hundred, thousand, million, billion 为数量单位，当与具体的数字连用时，本身不加-s，其后加名词复数形式。如：two hundred cows 两百头奶牛2. 当表示不确定数，意为“数以百计；数以千计；数以百万计”时，要本身加-s 并与 of 连用，其后也
10、直接加名词复数形式。如：hundreds of cows 几百头奶牛注：若表示某特定范围中的具体的数时也用 of 结构。如：two hundred of the students 这些学生中的两百人【活学活用】用 hundred 或 hundreds of 填空。1. trees will be planted along the river next month.2. There are more than eight students in our school.二、more, fewer 与 less【例句展示】1. In the future, there will be more r
11、obots everywhere.将来到处会有更多的机器人。2. There will be more pollution.将会有更多的污染。3. There will be fewer trees.将会有更少的树。4. Humans will have less work to do.人类会做更少的事。【辨异突破】1. more 意为“ 更多” ，是 many, much 的比较级，既可以修饰可数名词复数，又可以修饰不可数名词。2. fewer 意为“更少” ，是 few 的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。3. less 意为“更少” ，是 little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词。注：the mo
12、st 意为“最多” ，是 many, much 的最高级；the fewest, the least 意为“最少” ，分别是 few, little的最高级。【活学活用】用 more, fewer 或 less 填空。1. To live a green life, we should try to save energy and produce pollution.2. I think there will be people in the world in 100 years.三、in 与 after【例句展示】1. He will leave for Beijing in a week.
13、一周后他会动身去北京。2. He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。【辨异突破】in 与 after 都可以表示时间。1. “in+一段时间”用来表示从现在算起的“过一段时间以后” ，常用于将来时的肯定句中。通常与 go, come, start, arrive, return, finish 等表示瞬间动作的终止性动词连用，常用来回答 How soon.?的问句。2. “after+一段时间 ”用来表示从过去算起的“过一段时间以后” ，相当于“一段时间+later” 。谓语动词用过去时，不可用将来时；“after+具体时间或某一具体事件”时，谓
14、语动词可用过去时，也可用将来时。【活学活用】用 in 或 after 填空。1. Mom will get home 5:00 p.m We have enough time to clean the room.2. How soon will the meeting end? two hours.3. a long time, the man came to himself and told us what had happened to him.四、such 与 so【例句展示】1. He is so funny a boy.=He is such a funny boy.=The boy
15、 is so funny.他是如此有趣的一个男孩。2. People would not like to do such jobs. They will get bored.人们不愿意做那样的工作，他们会觉得无聊。3. There are so many people in the supermarket.超市里有那么多的人。【辨异突破】两者都可意为“如此” 。但与不定冠词 a/an 连用时结构不同：so+形容词+a/an+名词；such+a/an+形容词+名词；但名词前若有 much, little, many, few 修饰时，则用 so。当后面只跟形容词或副词时，只能用 so。【活学活用
16、】用 such 或 so 填空。1. Every year a lot of tourists travel to Hainan, because its a beautiful island.2. There were many people in the Shanghai World Expo that we had to put off our plan.3. The story is interesting that everyone is interested in it.当堂检测一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。pour inside tradition fill p
17、robable 1. Be careful!She is the cup with hot tea.2. As a festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming more and more popular.3. WeChat is the most widely used chatting tool among young people.4. There is quite a cute dog the box which was given by my uncle.5. He is used to some honey on the bread
18、for breakfast.二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空仅限一词。Are you looking for a quick, simple and delicious dinner? 1 （传统的） spaghetti and rice are always popular. Now lets learn how to make them. How to make spaghettiFirst, cook the spaghetti in hot water for 20 minutes. After that, you can start to make t
19、he sauce. Cut an onion into 2 （块）. Heat a little oil, and cook the onion in it. You can also put 3 （胡椒）, beef and other things in it. Then 4 （添加） gravy and some potatoes, and cook them for a few minutes over a low heat. Find out a（n） 5 （盘子） , and put the spaghetti on it. 6 （倒出） the sauce over the sp
20、aghetti and 7 （混合） them together. Now, you can start to eat.How to cook rice with a rice cookerPut water and rice in the pot and close the 8 （盖子）. Turn on the rice cooker and it will start to cook the rice. It usually 9 （花费） about 30 minutes, so you can cook vegetables and meat during this time.10 （
21、最后）, you will hear a special sound when the rice is ready. But you should wait about five minutes. It will make the rice more delicious.Its easy to make both of them. Do you want to have a try?三、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The air （pollute） is serious. We must do something to deal with it.2. I like having （sandw
22、ich） for breakfast.3. After the heavy snow, the ground was （cover） with snow.4. There are （hundred） of students on the playground.5. Some students are （dig） holes, some students are putting the young trees in the holes.6. Robots have different （shape） and they can do different things.7. Hainan is a
23、good place for （travel ） in winter as its neither cold nor hot.8. When an earthquake stops （shake）, please be careful because it hasnt ended yet.9. I （agree ） with you because you havent taken her feelings into consideration.10. This is our new library. It was （build） last year.参 考 答 案课堂突破【中考重点单词与短语
24、】 一、1. with 2. with 3. with a long history二、1. turn off 2. turn up 三、1. even 2. fatter四、1. a bag of milk 2. two teaspoons of honey 3. a piece of news 4. two boxes of oranges五、1. with 2. of六、serve【中考重点句型】 一、1. will be/is going to be 2. will wash二、1. be able to 2. can 3. cant三、1. how to make 2. where
25、to put 3. to live in【中考词语辨析】 一、1. Hundreds of 2. hundred二、1. more 2. less 3. fewer三、1. after 2. In 3. After四、1. such 2. so 3. so当堂检测一、1. filling 2. traditional 3. probably 4. inside 5. pouring 二、1. Traditional 2. pieces 3. peppers 4. add 5. plate 6. Pour 7. mix 8. cover 9. takes 10. Finally 三、1. pollution 2. sandwiches 3. covered 4. hundreds 5. digging 6. shapes 7. travelers 8. shaking 9. disagree 10. built
