1、Unit 4 A charity show一. 教学内容：Unit 4 A charity show Grammar二. 教学目标：掌握 Unit4 的语法结构和用法：一般将来时的被动语态含有情态动词(can, may, must, should)的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态because 二是 take care of 是固定搭配,不能拆开; 三是相对于 promise 来说, take care of 是将要发生的动作。故从句谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。【经典例题 2】 These dictionaries _ the library again (by you ).A. will b
2、e taken out of B. wont be taken out of C. will take out of D. wont take out of【思路点拨】选 B。由题干结构及句意可知 ,此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态的否定式。【经典例题 3】 The class _ on everything they have learnt this year.A. is going to be examining B. are going to examineC. is going to be examined D. are going to be examined【思路点拨】选 D。题中
3、 the class 指全班同学,谓语动词应用复数形式, 并且主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系, 所以谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。【经典例题 4】 An exhibition of painting _ at the art museum when he comes back from abroad.A. is going to hold B. is going to be held C. are going to holdD. are going to be held【思路点拨】 选 B。根据题意 , 此处应用一般将来时的被动语态, 而且主谓应保持一致。2. 各种结构形式。 肯定式主语+wil
4、l（shall）be动词的过去分词 否定式主语+will（shall）notbe动词的过去分词 疑问式 Will（Shall）主语be动词的过去分词？简略回答 Yes，主语 will（shall ）. No，主语wont （shant）. 特殊疑问词 + shall/will + 主语 + be + done.?肯定式 be going to + be + done.否定式 be not going to + be + done.疑问式 Am/Is/Are going to + be + done?特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 +going to be + done.?3. 使
5、用一般将来时的被动语态时，应注意以下两点： 1) 在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。同样，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。2) 使用一般将来时的被动语态时，学生易遗漏被动式中的 be。【经典例题 5】You can go out to play football this afternoon if your homework _.(finish) A. finishes B. will be finished C
6、. is going to finish D. is finished【思路点拨】选 D。根据题意 , 此处 if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，而且根据 homework 与 finish 之间的关系用被动语态。【典型例题】 一、从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. We are told that a new car factory _ here next year.A. will set up B. will be set up C. would set up D. would be set up 2. The 2008 Olymp
7、ic Games _ in Beijing; several big changes _ in the capital city.A. is held; will make B. will be held; will make C. will be held; will be made D. is held; make 3. You _ to take so much luggage with you on the plane.A. will be allowed B. will allow C. wont be allowed D. wont allow 4. You _ around ou
8、r school this afternoon. Now, please have a good rest.A. are shown B. were shown C. are going to be shown D. will show 5. Can you tell me by whom the talk _ tomorrow?A. will give B. will be given C. give D. be given 6. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. w
9、ill lose7. The water will be further polluted unless some measures _. A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken8. I _ if I finish the work within one day.A. shall be praised B. would praise C. will praise D. praise9. A party is going to _ tonight. Would you like to go with me?Id
10、like to, but I have to look after my sick mother.A. organize B. have been organizedC. be organizing D. be organized10. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, the sports meet _ in the playground of our school.A. is holding B. will hold C. will be held D. is to be holding【答案】BCCCB BBADC二、翻译句子。1. 这个女孩太漂亮了! 会有很多人喜
11、欢的！ 2. 他一到达这个城市就会被认出。 3. 这项工作很快就完成了。 4. 我们不会受到邀请。 【答案】What a beautiful girl! She will be loved by many people!He will be recognized as soon as he arrives at this city.The work is going to be done soon.We will not be invited.语法二：现在完成时的被动语态的构成与用法现在完成时的被动语态是本课中的重要语法项目，为帮助同学们更好地学习和巩固此语法，现做了以下几点归纳：（一）现在完
12、成时的被动语态的构成1. 现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式由“have has been 及物动词的过去分词 ”构成。例如：Two windows have been broken. 两个窗子被打破了。2. 现在完成时的被动语态的否定式由“have has notbeen 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：The car has not been repaired. 这辆汽车还没有修好。3. 现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问式由“HaveHas 主语been 及物动词的过去分词” 构成。例如：Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？Yes， it has. 是的，完成了
13、。Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？No，they havent. 不，还没有。4. 现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问式由“疑问词havehas 主语been及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成了多久？Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少新单词？（二）现在完成时的被动语态的主要
14、用法1. 表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例 1：The door has been locked. 门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）例 2：This work has been finished, you may have a rest.这项工作已被完成，你可以休息一会儿。分析：该句强调这项工作已被完成对现在造成的影响是你没有必要再做了，强调这个影响，你可以休息一会儿。例 3：This book has been read by me, you neednt tell me anything about it.这本书已被我读完，你没有必要告诉我
15、有关它的任何东西。分析：这本书已被我读完,对现在造成的影响是我已读懂其中内容，强调这个影响，你没有必要告诉我有关它的任何东西。2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于 How long.？句型中。例如：They have been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）How long has the machine been used？这台机器使用了多久？This film has been put on for half an hou
16、r.这场电影已放映了半个小时。（三）使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题1. 现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 havehas 和 been，两者缺一不可。2. 注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The house was built last year. 这房子是去年建造的。The house has been built. 这房子已经建好了。3. 由 finish，buy，start，begin，post
17、 ，return，borrow，join ，marry，open 等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如 for four days，how long 等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例如：译：这本书买了多久了？误：How long has this book been bought？正：How long ago was this book bought？但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与 since 或 for 引导的时间段连用。例如：No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以来，没有人来买过书。4.
18、 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：The old man has been well looked after. 这位老人一直受到很好的照顾。【典型例题】( ) 1. Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2. The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; kee
19、ping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3. Tea _ in the south of China for hundreds of years. A. has been grown B. is grown C. were grown D. will be grown( ) 4. The bridges_ since two years ago. A. have been built B. have built C. were built D. was built ( ) 5. The meeting _ since 5 O clock.A.
20、 has had B. had C. have been had D. has been had【答案】DBAAC语法三：含有情态动词（can, may must, should, ought to）的被动语态1、This bike can be repaired.2、The tree must be put straight in the hole.3、The classroom should be cleaned every day.含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带 to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to” 仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加 be
21、 加“过分” ，原来带 to 要保留。例如：We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away.It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once.It should be done at once肯定式：can/may/must/should/ought to be done否定式：cant/may not/mustnt/shouldnt/ought not to be done疑问式：Ca
22、n/May/Must/Should /Ought to be done?【典型例题】一、选择题( ) 1. The flowers _ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3. The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend
23、 D. can be mended( ) 4. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 5. The teapot _ water.A. is filled with B. filled of C. filling of D. filled ( ) 6. Old people must be _ politely.A. spea
24、k to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to ( ) 7. Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well【答案】BADBADD二、完成下列句子1. I think one day books may _ (place) completely.2. My bike _ (leave) at school, so I have to take the bus to school today.3. The b
25、attery _ (change) yet. How can I use my recorder?4. Paper should not _ (throw) away.5. Books and other material can _ (borrow) from the library.6. Ive bought a second-hand MP3 playerand about 1,000 songs have _ (download) onto it!7. Has the computer _ (repair) yet? I need to write my article with it
26、.8. What has_ (turn on)? The radio.【答案】1. be placed 2. has been left 3. hasnt been changed 4. be thrown5. be borrowed 6. been downloaded 7. be repaired 8. been turned on语法四：because & because of 的用法区别：because + a clause of reasonbecause of + Noun./Pronoune.g.: I did not go because of the rain.=I did
27、not go because it rained.He did not buy a present for his mother because he had no money.=He did not buy the present for his mother because of no money.Practise:David didnt go to school yesterday _ his cold.I didnt go to school yesterday _ I had a cold.The football game is cancelled today _ the sand
28、storm.There was a traffic jam in Xuanwu District _ a car accident.A lot of people were trapped in the airport _ the bad weather.because 与 so 可以互换1. Because we want to raise money for charity , we are organizing a show.We want to raise money for charity so we are organizing a show.2. We will hold a m
29、eeting next week because we must make some decisions.We must make some decisions so we will hold a meeting next week 3. We will hold the show indoors because the weather might be bad.The weather might be bad so we will hold the show indoors.4. We will need a lot of people because there is a lot of w
30、ork to do.There is a lot of work to do so we will need a lot of people.【典型例题】一、用括号内的词合并句子。1. They helped with the farmers, they enjoyed working on the farm (because).2. Lots of people went to the show, there were many famous pop stars (so).3. He spoke very loudly, there was a lot of noise there (bec
31、ause).4. He worked very hard, he wanted the show to be a success (so)二、仿照例句改写下列句子。例如：Rose felt nervous because he saw the TV cameras.Rose felt nervous because of the TV cameras.Lots of people knew about the show because they saw the advertisement.The fans were very excited because many pop starts ca
32、me.We couldnt go to the show because we had the exams.The ground was wet because it rained last night.There were many trees on the road because there was a strong wind.【答案】一、1. They helped with the farmers because they enjoyed working on the farm .2. There were many famous pop stars so lots of peopl
33、e went to the show.3. He spoke very loudly because there was a lot of noise there .4. He wanted the show to be a success so he worked very hard.二、Lots of people knew about the show because of seeing the advertisement.The fans were very excited because of many pop starts.We couldnt go to the show because of the exams.The ground was wet because of the rain last night.There were many trees on the road because of a strong wind.
