1、中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿第三章 冠 词冠词是一种辅助性的词，不可在句中独立担任一个成分。放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义，使用极为频繁。冠词有不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）两种。a 和 an 的基本含义是“一，一个” ，表示泛指，不强调数目观念，只表示名词不是特定的；the 的基本含义是“这个，那个” ，表示特指，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。冠词本身是虚词，没有意义，同时也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义第一节 知识点概述一、不定冠词不定冠词用 a 还是 an 由后面一个词的首音（不是辅音字母）决定。以元音开头的词前用 an，以辅音（包括半元音，不
2、是元音字母）开头的词前用 a。例如：辅音字母开头：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man元音或半元音开头：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera值得注意的是：1如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母 u 开头就用 a。例如 university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。2如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的 h 开头，而 h 后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用 an。例如 hour, honest。3如
3、果不定冠词和名词前有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如 an actress, a beautiful actress。不定冠词的用法如下：1用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物，如：A dictionary is a useful book.An underground train can start and stop quickly.2说明某人或某东西属于哪一类，如：This is a book.He used to be an engineer.3泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：A boy is waiting for me.Give me a pe
4、n, please.4表示数量，有“一”的意思，如：Behind the house there is a garden.once a week.5用于某些固定词组中，如：a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache,
5、 take a bath, give a lesson学优中考网 二 、 定 冠 词定冠词的用法如下：1指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Open the door, please.Go and close the window.2特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：The girl in red is my sister.The man over there is our English teacher.The book on the desk is mine.3指前面提到过的人或事物，如：Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father wo
6、rks in the factory.4用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如：The Nile is the longest river in the world.He won the first prize.The sun rises in the east.5用在某些名词化的形容词，过去分词前，表示一类人或事物， 如：the rich, the sick, the new , the false6用在某些专用名词前， 如：the Great Wallthe Peoples Republic of Chinathe United Nationsthe Netherlands7在江河、海
7、洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：the North China Plainthe Rocky Mountainsthe Yangtse River8在一些用语中，如：in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time三 、 不 用 冠 词 的 情 况1在不含普通名词或只有一个普通名词专有名词前，如：China, Beihai Park2名词前面已有用作定
8、语的 this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词前，如：The letter is from my father.I have a book in my hand.3在复数名词表示一类人或事物时，如：Horses are useful animals.I like cakes.4在节日名称， （称呼语和表示官衔的名词前）星期、月份、季节前。如：Today is Sunday.Spring is the best season in the year.Childrens Day5在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中，如：go to school , be in hospital
9、, be in prison6一天三餐，球类运动的名称前，如:I like to play basketball.We have lunch at school.第二节 实战演练一 、 例 题 选 讲例 1 There is “h” in word “photo”A a，a B an，theC the，an D an，an答案： B提示： h 虽然是辅音字母，但发的音是元音音素开头的，因此要用 an，而 word 是特指，所以后面要用 the。例 2 She is honest girlA an B aC / D the答案： A提示： “honest”中 h 是不发音的，因此这个单词是元音音
10、素开头的。例 3 He goes to school after breakfastA / B theC an D a答案： A提示： 在表示三顿饭前不用定冠词。例 4 Browns are going to visit Yangtse River. It is longest river in China and third longest river in worldA Thethethethethethe B Thethethe/thetheC /thethethe/the D The/thethethethe答案： B提示： the+姓氏的复数形式表示一家人，在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、
11、群岛的名称的前面要用定冠词 the，而形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the，the+序数词 +最高级表示第几，而 in the world 表示在世界上。二 、 复 习 时 需 要 注 意 的 要 点（1）在 school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed 等表示机构名学优中考网 称、组织名称和家具的名词前，用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所，而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较：at table 就餐at the table 坐在桌边go to school 去上学go to the s
12、chool 去这个学校in hospital 住院in the hospital 在这家医院go to prison （违法而）进监狱go to the prison 到监狱go to church 做礼拜go to the church 到教堂in class 在课堂上in the class 在班级里（2）在某些词前用不同冠词（定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词） ，意义大不相同，例如：a little/few 有一点little/few 几乎没有a number of 许多the number of 的数目in front of 在 前面in the front of 在前部take place
13、发生take the place of 代替out of the question 根本不可能out of question 没有问题the most beautiful 最漂亮most beautiful 非常漂亮for a moment 片刻for the moment 暂时第三节 巩固练习I. 选择最恰当的答案1 -Wheres nearest bookstore?-Theres one at end of the street.A thean B atheC thethe D aan2 -What do you think of film “National Treasure”?-It
14、s wonderful film, I think.A aa B atheC thethe D Thea3 S.H.E is going to sing at CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening PartyA a B anC the D /4 There is “h” in the word “photo”.A a B anC the D /5 Please pay attention to your spelling. Youve dropped “m” here.A the B anC a D /6 He is honest boy.A an B aC
15、the D /7 He greeted me with “Good morning!” and led me to the doctors office.A the B anC a D one8 Sudan I（苏丹红 ） is red dye used for colouring oils, shoes, floor polishes and so on.A / B anC the D a9 Finding corundum（金刚砂） was surprise because its the second hardest mineral on EarthA / B anC the D a10
16、 Tom often plays football after schoolA aa B thetheC / D anan11 They have lunch at school.A a B theC / D an12 They went to Nanjing by train.A a B anC the D /13 Grandpa was in hospital. Father often went to hospital to take care of him.A thethe B the/C aa D /the14 Five years ago her brother was unive
17、rsity students of physicsA athe B antheC an/ D a/15 She bought _ camera. It is _old one.学优中考网 A . a , a B . the, the C . a, an D . a, X16_ Peoples Square is located in _center of Shanghai.A . The a B. Athe C . Aa D . The the17 Its very cold. Mother is making _ fire.A. a B . the C . X D . an18 You mi
18、ssed _ “ h “ in the word “honest”.A . a B . the C . X D . an19 There were _ few people in the street, though it was raining hard.A . a B . X C . the D . an20 _Pacific Ocean is _ largest ocean in _ world.A . Aaa B . ThethetheC . The theX D . XthetheII选择 a 或 an 填入横线内1 bottle 2 ink bottle 3 umbrella 4 house5 hour 6 ox 7 “l” 8 one-act playIII. 在需要的地方填入不定冠词，如不需要就填“X”1. _ happy life 2. at _ night 3. _ Christmas 4. play _ table tennis 5. _useful book 6. _unusual day7. _ hour and _ half 8. by _ train 9. in _ time10. take _ walk学 优中考，网
