1、2012 届中考英语考点备考复习 14【词汇检测】1 摇动_2 握手_3 风俗_4 鞠躬_5 亲吻_6 放松的_7 哥伦比亚_8 顺便拜访_9 瑞士_10 国土_11 毕竟_12 秘鲁_13 对于，关于_14 问候_15擦_16 餐巾_17 发出令人不愉快的声音_18 刺_19 粗鲁的_20 指向_21 礼貌_22 餐桌礼仪_23 习惯于_24 餐叉_25 饱的_26 大腿_27 肘部_28 逐渐地_29 词组_30 独特的_31 恭维_32 敬酒_33不熟悉的_34 匙_35 刀具_36 挤满_37 垃圾_38寻找_39 聊天热线_40 在线的_41 打字_42 主要地_43 构成_44 短
2、语_45 同音异形异意词_46 结合_47 象征_48 缩略词_49 构成_50 感情_51 自学_52 冒号_53 括号_54 在附近_55 电子邮件_56 谜语_57 不怕麻烦地做某事_58 实验_59 合适的_60 使高兴的_61 一队人_62 正常地_63 使某人感到宾至如归_64 谁的_65 结合，组合_66 象征，符号_67 标点符号_68 记号_【短语集中】1. shake hands with sb. 2. meet someone for the first time 3. arrive late = be late 4. greet sb.5. wear the wrong
3、 clothes 6. invite sb.for 7:007. talk at the table 8. make some mistakes 9. eat the wrong food 10. arrive at 7:00 17. make noise18. arrive a bit late 19. after all 20. the land of watches 21.22. have pretty relaxed rules 23. be on time 24. make plans with friends 25. greet teachers 26. give gifts 11
4、. be supposed to 12. go to ones house for dinner 13. walk around the town center 14. see as many of ones friends as possible 15. drop by 16. make plans to do 27. eat with ones hands 28. pick up ones bowl of rice 29. take a drink 30. start eating first 31. be polite to sb. 32. be rude to sb. 【句子再现】1.
5、 In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time? You are supposed to shake hands.2. Spending time with family and friends is very import to us.3. In Switzerland its very important to be on time.4. Also, we never visit a friends house without calling first.5. In
6、 Brazil, you should wipe your mouth with your napkin every time you take a drink.6. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesnt bother me like it used to .7. As you can imagine, things are really different from the way they are at home.8. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now Im
7、used to it.9. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but Im gradually getting used to things and dont find them so strange any more. Ill write soon and tell you more about life in France. Hope youre having a good school year.【疑点注释】1. Youre supposed to shake hands.(P94)你们应该握手。be s
8、upposed to 用来表示根据规定或按照法律人们不得不做的事，或期待将要发生的事，与 should 相似，后面也是接动词原形。否定形式在 be 动词后加 not，常表示禁止做某事。Were supposed to make no noise in class. 在课堂上我们不该发出噪音。Were supposed to start work at 800 every morning.我们应该每天早晨八点开始工作。2. Spending time with family and friends is very important to us. (P96)与家人和朋友共度时光对我们非常重要。S
9、pending time with family and friends 是动名词短语，在本句中作主语。动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如果是并列的动名词（短语）作主句时，谓语动词用复数形式。Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对眼睛不好。Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书写作花了我不少时间。不定式（短语）也可作主语，两者的区别在“语法天地”中有详解。3. Were the land of watches, after all! (P96)毕竟我们是手表的国度
10、。句中的 land 意为“国土” ， “国家” 。它还可以表示 “陆地” ，与河流和海洋相对；也可以表示“土地” ，可耕种的田地就叫做 land。We traveled by land until we reached the sea.我们沿陆路旅行，直到看见大海。All the waste land in this area has been opened up.这个地区的荒地全被开垦了。知识拓展与“土地” ， “地”相关的词语还有 earth, soil 和 ground。 earth 意为“地” ， “地球” ， “泥土” 。它着重指“大地” ，区别于“天空” 。The earth mo
11、ves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 soil 意为“土地” ， “土壤” ，尤指生长植物的土地。The soil is very thin in the forest.森林里土层非常薄。 ground 意为“地” ， “地面” ，主要指大地表面。不论是泥地，沙地或水泥地，均可用这个词表示；也可以用来指运动场地。The ground is covered with leaves in the woods.树林里的地面上落满了树叶。4. Youre not supposed to make noise while eating noodles. (P97)吃面条的时候你不应该弄出
12、响声来。句中的 while eating noodles 是 while 接从句的省略形式，该句完整形式是 while you are eating noodles。由 while 和 when 引导的时间状语从句，如果主语和主句的主语相同，从句中的主语和 be 动词常可省略。While/When (she was)leaving the house, she was heard to make some commonplace remark to her husband.有人听到她在离开房间时同他的丈夫寒暄。5. Its rude to point at anyone with your c
13、hopsticks. (P97)用筷子指着别人是无礼的。本句是主系表结构，不定式短语是真正的主语，it 是形式主语。句中 point 意为“指”， “指向” ，常构成短语 point at, point to 和 point out。point to 和 point at 都含有“指着”的意思，两者一般可以互换。The teacher is pointing at/to the map on the wall.老师指着墙上的地图。但主语是事物时，一般用 point to 作谓语。point at 可以分开使用，即 point 后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，再跟介词 at 表示方向，意为“把指向”
14、，而 point to 却不能分开使用。The soldier pointed his gun at the doctor.士兵用枪指着医生。point out 意为“指出” ，其中 out 是副词。如果它后面的宾语是代词，则必须把该宾语放在 out 之前。Please point out the mistakes in my composition.请指出我作文中的错误。Luckily， the man knew Mr Green and pointed him out to us.幸好这个人认识格林先生，于是便把他指给我们看。6. Although I still make lots of
15、 mistakes, it doesnt bother me like it used to. (P98)虽然我还是出了不少错，但它（法语）不像以前那样让我烦恼。（1）mistake 意为“错误” ， “过失” ，可数名词，常指由于认识，理解或判断上的失误造成行为或看法上的错误，也指因粗心，疏忽，技术不熟练等而犯的错误。通常与 make连用构成 make mistakes/a mistake“出错” ， “犯错误” 。Anyone can make a mistake. 人人都会犯错误。He only made two mistakes in grammar today. 他今天只犯了两个语法
16、错误。（2）bother 意思是“烦扰，打扰” ，常用作及物动词。Hot weather bothers me. 炎热的天气使我烦恼。7. I find it difficult to remember everything, but Im gradually getting used to things, and dont find them so strange any more. (P98)我发现将这一切全记住很难，但慢慢就对这些东西习惯了，也就不再觉得它们很怪异了。（1）find it difficult to remember everything 中的 it 是形式宾语，动词不定式
17、短语是真正的宾语，形容词 difficult 是宾补。I found it hard to do the work all by myself.我发现独自一人干这活很难。I think it useful to read English in the morning. 我认为早晨读英语很有用。（2）be used to sth/doing(sth)是中学英语学习中的重点、难点，也是中考考点。常与 used to do sth 和 be used to do sth 一起进行考查。be used to 是“习惯于”的意思，可用于各种时态。其中 to 是介词，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。
18、She isnt used to living in the country.她不习惯住在乡下。Weve been used to hard work.我们已经习惯干累活了。强调界限性的状态，说明从不习惯到习惯时，常在 used 前面用 get 或 become 代替be。这种现象尤其常见于将来时态和完成时态中。You will soon get used to the weather here.你很快就会习惯这里的天气的。有时 be used to do 是动词 use 的被动语态形式，意为“被用来” 。在这种结构里，to 是动词不定式符号。Man-made satellites are u
19、sed to send and receive TV programs.人造卫星用来发射和接收电视节目。Steel may be used to make machines.钢可以用来制造机器。8. Questions crowded my mind. (P99)我的脑海涌现出一些疑问。crowd 表示“大量涌入” ，在此句中的 crowd 是比喻用法， 含义是“涌入” 。Disturbing thoughts crowded into my mind. 我心乱如麻。Tourists crowded the beach. 游客挤满了海滩。9. .your teachers will not b
20、e pleased if you write e-mail English in a test!(P101)如果你在测试中用电子邮件英语老师会不高兴的。please“使高兴” ，相关词语有 pleased, pleasure 与 pleasant。Does the cloth please you?这布料合你的意吗？The Emperor was pleased by what the Minister told him about the cloth.听了大臣关于布料的禀报，皇帝非常高兴。【友情链接】这四个词都有“满意” ， “高兴”的意思，但词性和用法不相同。 please 是动词，可用作
21、及物动词或不及物动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快” 。 pleased 是过去分词，意为“感到高兴（满意） ”，其作用相当于形容词，常与 be连用，后接介词 at, with, by 等引起的短语，还可接动词不定式或 that 从句。 pleasure 是名词，表示“高兴” ， “快乐” ， “娱乐”时，为不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时，为可数名词。如：It is one of my greatest pleasures.它是我最大的乐趣之一。pleasant 是形容词，意为“使人感到愉快（满意） ”，一般用作定语。如主语指物，也可用作表语。10. seat 与 sit“坐”不同 se
22、at 通常用作及物动词，与反身代词连用，或用 be seated 这一形式（这种用法不如 sit 普通） ，seat 还可作“能坐人”解，主语往往是地方。Be seated, everybody!大家请坐吧。That cinema can seat 2,000 people.那家电影院能坐两千人。 sit 通常作不及物动词，不需要宾语。In the bus we sat together.在公共汽车里我们坐在一起。【考点归纳】1. be supposed to do . 应该 如： We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。知识拓展 表示应该的词有：s
23、hould, ought to ,be supposed to 2. shake hands 握手 shake 本意是“摇动、震动”3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是“情态动词现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做如：She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。 （没有去）4. be relaxed about sth. 对某事随意、不严格 如：They are relaxed about the
24、 time. 他们对时间很随意。5. pretty adv. 相当,很very She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。6. make plans to do = plan to do. 打算做某事 如：She has made plans to go to Beijing.=She has planed to go to Beijing.7. drop by 访问 看望 拜访 串门We just dropped by our friends homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。8. on tim
25、e 按时9. after all 毕竟 终究 如： You see I was right after all.你看，毕竟还是我对了。10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 如：Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。11. without 没有12. around the world = all over the world 全世界13. pick up 捡起 挑选 如：He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。14. start doing = start to do 开始做某事 如He started r
26、eading.= He started to read. 他开始读。15. point at 指向 16. stick v. 剌 截 n. 棒，棍 chopstick 筷子 是由 chop(砍)stick(棒)合成，通常用复数形式：chopsticks17. go out of ones way to do 特意，专门做某事 如：He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。18. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（一个）19. be different from 与不同 如：Chinese fo
27、od is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于get/be used to doing 习惯于be used to do 被用于做be used for doing 被用于做used to do 过去常常做 如： I wash clothes everyday. But Im used to it.我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。The knives
28、are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。I find it difficult to remember everything.形式宾语 真正宾语常见的形式宾语有： find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如：I think it hard to study English.22. cut up 切开 切碎 如：Lets cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。2
29、3. make a toast 敬酒24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded25. set n. 一套 v. 设置26. cant stop doing 忍不住做某事 I cant stop laughing. 我忍不住笑27. make faces 做鬼脸 28. face to face 面对面29. learnby oneself 自学 如： I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。【限时阅读】Dinner customs are different around the world. If you are a guest
30、in Ghana( 加纳), this information will help you a lot.In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no strict rules about time. Whenever a guest arrives, a family offers food. When you go to a home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living ro
31、om first. At this time everyone welcomes you. Then you go to the dinning room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water. All the food is on the table.In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else .But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not pol
32、ite to get food from the other side of the dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder(粉末) of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw(锯子) because it is very hard. You must chew fuf
33、u well, or you may get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right hand only. (227 words 4 minutes)( ) 1.From the passage we know that in Ghana _.A. the rules for dinner time are not strict B. dinner is always at six in the eveningC. a family offers food only at four in the afternoonD. people
34、usually invite their guests to dinner late in the evening( ) 2.If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, the host (主人) always takes you to _.A. the dining room first B. the living room first C. the kitchen first D. the garden first( ) 3.People in Ghana usually eat _.A. from one side of a dish to the other
35、 B. from the other side of the dishC. with their fingers D. with their spoons( ) 4.In fact, most dishes in Ghana _.A. are cooked with the powder of some plants B. have fufu in themC. are too hard to eat D. are not very hard( ) 5.When you eat fufu, youd better _.A. cut it with a saw B. use your right hand only C. chew it well D. all of the above 【话题训练】请用 80 词写一篇关于中国的风俗习惯及餐桌礼仪的文章。1-5 ABCDD
