1、专题九 非谓语动词河北中考五年命题规律及趋势考纲要求动词不定式做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值疑问词不定式 2015 39how_to_study/when to study/which to study/what to study1 分作宾语(固定搭配)2014 33 accept/to accept/say/to_say 1 分2013 39 clean/to_clean/cleaning/cleaned 1 分表目的 2012 37 to_find/find/to write/write 1 分作宾补(固定搭配) 2011 32speak/to_speak/
2、spoke/speaks 1 分河北中考单项选择题对非谓语动词的考查只考动词不定式，如：不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等。同时，也涉及到了不定式固定句型和用法的考查，如：固定搭配 forget to do sth.，decide to do sth.，would like sb.to do sth.(想让某人做某事)；疑问词不定式 when to start(何时开始) 。设题形式以单句为主，词数为 1014。预计 2016 年河北中考的单项选择仍会出一道题考查不定式，考查表目的和作宾语的可能性很大。河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用 discuss stay remember1H
3、e lost his key.It made him _ in the cold air to wait for his wifes return.2Vocabulary is very important.Therefore，youd better try different ways _ words and expressions.3Our teacher often asks us _ questions in groups.二、单项选择( )4.(2015 保定 8 中模拟)_ up early is important for your health.ATo get BGets C
4、Got D Gotten( )5._ books in the sun is harmful for your eyesight.AReads BReadCTo read DNot to read( )6.When the child saw his uncle ，he ran up _ hello to him.Asay BsaidCsays Dto say( )7.(2015 保定 17 中模拟)He hurried back home _ his schoolbag.Afetched Bto fetchCfetching Dfetches( )8.He is too fat.He has
5、 decided _ some exercise to keep healthy.Ato take Bnot to takeCtake Dtakes( )9.He promised _ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.Asee Bseeing Csaw Dtoo see( )10.The little boy pretended _ when his mother came in.Asleeping BasleepCbe asleep Dto be asleep( )11.It takes me half an hour _ the pian
6、o every day.Aplay BplayingCto play Dplays( )12.My sister Julia would rather _ newspapers than watch TV on Sundays.Areading BreadsCread Dto read( )13.Tom ，would you please _ the box？Its for your sister.Anot open Bdont openCnot to open Dto not open( )14.My teacher encouraged me _ more confident.Aam Bi
7、s Cbe Dto be( )15.My mother often tells me _ the teachers carefully in class.Alisten Blisten toCto listen Dto listen to( )16.Lucy is shy.She would not invite her classmates _ dancing with her.Apractice BpracticesCpracticing Dto practice( )17.Students should learn how _ problems.Asolve BsolvingCcan s
8、olve Dto solve( )18.(2015 唐山 9 中模拟)Nobody could tell me where _ the book.Abuy BbuyingCcan buy Dto buy( )19.When I walked past the park，I saw some old people _ Chinese Taichi.Ado BdidCdoing Dare doing( )20.I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into the classroom.Alying Blay Clie Dlies( )21.Our
9、English teacher often says to us， “_ English well is very important.”ALearn BLearningCLearned DTo learning( )22.Im sleepy.I prefer _ at home to going out for a walk.Asleeping Bto sleepCslept Dsleep( )23.Many young people took part in _ trees on Tree Planting Day.Aplanting BplantsCto plant Dplant【满分点
10、拨】1非谓语动词的定义及句法功能(1)非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。(2)非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语等成分，即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。如：To see is to believe.(作主语和表语 )眼见为实。The boy likes walking to school.(作宾语) 那个男孩喜欢步行去学校。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.(作补语) 不要让我们等得太久。(3)非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词按照其用法分为：动
11、词不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词) 、动名词。按照其形式分为：to do、v.ing 、v.ed。2动词不定式的用法动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。(1)作主语。不定式作主语往往用形式主语 it 代替，作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置。常用句型：Itsadj .(for/of)sb.to do sth. 。如：Its nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好，给我们照相。(2)作表语。可放在 be 动词之后作表语。如：My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。(3)作宾语
12、。常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide “决定” ，expect“期望” ，forget“忘记” ，hope“希望” ，pretend“假装” ，try“尽力” 。如：Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation？你决定今年暑假去香港旅行吗？(4)作宾语补足语。常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask“要求” ，tell “告诉” ，want“想要” ，teach “教” ，wish“希望 ”，help“帮助” ，warn“警告” ，invite “邀请 ”，encourage“鼓励”等。如：Tina to
13、ld her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。(5)作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被说明修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：I am not free now.I have lots of things to do.我现在没有空。我有很多事要做。(6)作状语。主要作目的状语，也可作结果状语和原因状语。如：They will go to the station to meet the guests.他们将去车站会见客人。(目的状语 )Paul is too excited to say anything.保罗激动得说不出话来了。( 结果状
14、语)I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.听说你妈妈生病了我很难过。(原因状语)注意：在使役动词 make，let，have 和感官动词 see，hear ，watch，notice，feel 等词后，要把不定式结构中的to 省略。如：I saw our English teacher enter the office just now.刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。3常见只能跟不定式的动词tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事invite sb.
15、to do sth.邀请某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事wish to do sth.希望做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒
16、绝做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事4动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别(1)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。举例如下： stop doing sth.停 止 正 在 做 的 事stop to do sth.停 下 来 去 做 另 一 件 事 )try doing sth.尝 试 做 某 事try to do sth.尽 力 去 做 某 事 ) forget doing sth.忘 了 做 过 某 事forget to do sth.忘 了 去 做 某 事 （未 做 ）
17、) remember doing sth.记 得 做 过 某 事remember to do sth.记 得 去 做 某 事 （未 做 ）)need doing sth.需 要 做 某 事 （被 动 含 义 ）need to do sth.需 要 去 做 某 事 （主 动 含 义 ）)(2)感官动词后接不定式或现在分词感官动词后既可接不带 to 的不定式，也可接现在分词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见到)全过程” ，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作” 。如：I heard the girl singing in the next room.我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。I always hear
18、the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。5动词不定式的特殊句型(1)tooto表示 “太而不能” 。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2)enough to表示“足够” 。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。(3)Why dont you 不带 to 的不定式？Why not不带 to 的不定式？如 Why dont you get her a photo album？ Why not get her
19、 a photo album？为什么不给她买个相册呢？(4)had better(not)不带 to 的不定式。如：Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。(5)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。 ”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。河北中考考点精练( )1.(
20、2015 凉山中考)If all of us pull together，there must be something we can do .Aimprove the environmentBto improve the environmentCimproving the environmentDimproved the environment( )2.(2015 广州中考)Sarah ，youd better drink more water after _ for such a long time.Arun BrunsCto run Drunning( )3.(2015 泰安中考)Whe
21、n you leave，please turn off the lights _energy.Asave Bto saveCsaving Dsaved( )4.(2015 保定 8 中模拟) Wow，Wendy，its cool to make a short video with your mobile phone.Just with a software called Meipai.Let me show you _.Awhich to use Bhow to use itCwhat to use Dwhere to use it( )5.(2015 呼和浩特中考)Mr.Smith tol
22、d his son _ the football match because of the exam.Anot to watch Bto not watchCnot watching Ddoesnt watch( )6.(2015 内江中考)In this school，the students are asked _ mobile phone.Anot to use Bnot usingCnot use Dto not use( )7.(2015 资阳中考)We stopped _，but there was not any sound.Ato listen BlistensClisten
23、Dlistening( )8.(2015 南充中考)Its necessary for us _ English well.Ato learn BlearningClearn Dlearns( )9.(2015 眉山中考)We should thank the man.He always does what he can _ us.Ahelps Bto helpChelp Dhelping( )10.(2015 武威中考)For our coming vacation ，why _ going abroad and seeing the outside world?Anot consider
24、Bto considerCdont think Dnot think( )11.(2015 安顺中考)Its too cold today.Would you mind _ the window?Certainly not.Go ahead.Ato close BclosingCclose Dclosed( )12.(2015 苏州中考)I was tired out，so I stopped the car _ a short rest.Ahave BhavingCto have Dhad( )13.(2015 扬州中考)What should we take when going bird
25、watching?We should take a pair of binoculars _ the birds clearly.Asee BseeingCto see Dsees( )14.(2015 雅安中考)It is important _ people _ good manners.Afor；to learn Bof ；to learnCfor； learn Dof ；learn( )15.(2015 广东中考)We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.
26、Anot leave Bnot to leaveCleave Dto leave( )16.(2016 承德 2 中模拟)I saw some boy students _ basketball when I passed the playground.Aplayed B playsCplaying Dto play( )17.(2016 原创预测)Harry has decided _ an online shop after graduating from school.Aopen Bto openCopened Dopening( )18.(2016 原创预测)I wouldnt min
27、d _ a roommate.We can help each other and save money as well.Ahaving Bto haveChave Dhad( )19.(2016 原创预测)He is busy _ at school，but he never forgets _ his mom a phone call every day.Aworking；givingBwork；giveCworking；to giveDwork ；to give( )20.(2016 原创预测)Have you decided _ to the beach?Not yet.It depends on the weather.Awhom to go Bwhere to goCwhen to go Dwhy to go( )21.(2016 原创预测)Do you climb mountains every day?Yes， _a little exercise.Im so out of shape.Agetting BgetCgot Dto get
