1、专题九 非谓语动词,青海五年中考命题规律及趋势编者按：青海中考对非谓语动词的考查，主要涉及对动名词和动词不定式的考查。动名词主要集中在stop，keep， see等词后接动名词的用法。动词不定式的考查则主要集中在不定式作目的状语，动词tell ，decide ，forget等词后接动词不定式的用法。所以，学生要熟记常见的可以跟动名词和动词不定式的动词和句型，并掌握动词不定式在句中的成分。,青海中考重难点突破【满分点拨】1非谓语动词的定义及句法功能(1)非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。(2)非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语
2、、定语或状语等成分，即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。如：To see is to believe.(作主语和表语 )眼见为实。The boy likes walking to school.(作宾语) 那个男孩喜欢步行去学校。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.(作补语) 不要让我们等得太久。(3)非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词按照其用法分为：动词不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词) 、动名词。按照其形式分为：to do、v.ing 、v.ed。2动词不定式的用法动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。(1)作
3、主语。不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置。常用句型：Itsadj.(for/of)sb.to do sth.。如：Its nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好，给我们照相。(2)作表语。可放在be动词之后作表语。如：My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。(3)作宾语。常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide “决定”，expect“期望”，forget“忘记”，hope“希望”，pretend“假装”，try“尽力”。如：Have you decided t
4、o go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation？你决定今年暑假去香港旅行吗？(4)作宾语补足语。常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask“要求”，tell “告诉”，want“想要”，teach “教”，wish “希望”，help“帮助”，warn“警告”，invite“邀请”，encourage“鼓励”等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。(5)作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被说明修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：I am not free now.I
5、have lots of things to do.我现在没有空。我有很多事要做。(6)作状语。主要作目的状语，也可作结果状语和原因状语。如：They will go to the station to meet the guests.他们将去车站会见客人。(目的状语)Paul is too excited to say anything.保罗激动得说不出话来了。( 结果状语)I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.听说你妈妈生病了我很难过。(原因状语)注意：在使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，hear，
6、watch，notice，feel 等词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。如：I saw our English teacher enter the office just now.刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。3常见只能跟不定式的动词tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事teach sb.to do sth.教某人做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事e
7、xpect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事would like sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事wish to do sth.希望做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事4动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别(1)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。举例如下：stop
8、 doing sth.停止正在做的事stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘了做过某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事( 未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义)need to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义)(2)感官动词后接不定式或现在分词感官动词后既可接不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见到)全过
9、程”，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作”。如：I heard the girl singing in the next room.我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。I always hear the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。5动词不定式的特殊句型(1)tooto表示 “太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2)enough to表示“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。(3)Why d
10、ont you 不带to的不定式？Why not不带to的不定式？如：Why dont you get her a photo album？Why not get her a photo album？为什么不给她买个相册呢？(4)had better(not)不带to的不定式。如：Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。(5)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought be
11、hind it rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。【考点抢测】( C )1.(2016青海中考 )The boy went to the hospital _ after his mother.Alooked Blook Cto look( A )2.(2016青海中考模拟 )_ up early is important for your health.ATo get B GetsCGot( C )3._ books in the sun is harmful for your eyesight.AReads
12、 B ReadCTo read( C )4.When the child saw his uncle，he ran up_hello to him.Asay BsaidCto say( B )5.(2016西宁中考模拟)He hurried back home_his schoolbag.Afetched B to fetchCfetching Dfetch( A )6.He is too fat.He has decided_some exercise to keep healthy.Ato take B not to takeCtake( C )7.He promised_his old
13、friend during his stay in Tianjin.Asee BseeingCto see( C )8.The little boy pretended_when his mother came in.Asleeping B asleepCto be asleep( C )9.It takes me half an hour_the piano every day.Aplay B playingCto play( C )10.My sister Julia would rather_newspapers than watch TV on Sundays.Areading Bre
14、adsCread( A )11.Tom，would you please_the box？Its for your sister.Anot open Bdont openCnot to open( C )12.My teacher encouraged me_more confident.Aam B isCto be( C )13.My mother often tells me_the teachers carefully in class.Alisten Blisten toCto listen to( C )14.Lucy is shy.She would not invite her
15、classmates_dancing with her.Apractice BpracticesCto practice( C )15.Students should learn how_problems.Asolve BsolvingCto solve( C )16.(2016青海中考模拟 )Nobody could tell me where_the book.Abuy BbuyingCto buy( C )17.When I walked past the park，I saw some old people_Chinese Tai Chi.Ado BdidCdoing( A )18.I
16、 found a letter_on the floor when I came into the classroom.Alying BlayClie( B )19.Our English teacher often says to us，“_ English well is very important.”ALearn BLearningCLearned( A )20.Im sleepy.I prefer_at home to going out for a walk.Asleeping Bto sleepCslept( A )21.Many young people took part in_trees on Tree Planting Day.Aplanting BplantsCto plant
