1、Unit 4 Body language,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1._nCdv. 点头 2._5similEadj. 相似的 3._E5vCidvt.避免；消除 4._5dVestFEn v.姿势； 做手势 5._E5ri:mEntn.一致；协议 6._5lEukEladj. 地方的；当地的 7._tFestn.胸膛 8._E5prEutFn.vt.接近；方法 9._5dVenErEln.adj.一般的； 普通；将军,nod,similar,avoid,gesture,agreement,local,chest,approach,general,10.
2、_5kjuEriEsadj. 好奇的 11._E5dQltn. adj. 成人的 12._5kCmidin.喜剧 13._5meidVEadj.较大的；主要的 14._tQtFvt.触摸；感动 15._5streindVEn.陌生人 16._5spEukEnadj. 口头的 17._tFi:kn. 面颊 18._5AkFEnn.行为；动作 19._5pQniFvt. 惩罚 20._iks5preFEn n. 表达；表情,expression,curious,adult,comedy,major,touch,stranger,spoken,cheek,action,punish,二、单词运用 根
3、据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1.When travelling abroad, Im always _ about the customs and lifestyle of _ people. 2.Our Olympic volunteers, who are _ Chinese people, will go all out to do a good job. 3.Is that Toms friend from USA? Id like him to _ her to me. 4.At the meeting they discuss
4、ed three different a_ to the study of maths. 5.He is so tall that his head nearly t_ the ceiling.,touches,curious,local,representing,introduce,approaches,6. I was practically _ off（睡着）in that meeting. 7. She braked her car hard to avoid _(bump) into a car turning suddenly out of a corner. 8. He rais
5、ed his hands in a _ of despair. 9. Children should see Three-D films with the company of _. 10. Such wrong behavior should be stopped and even p_.,punished,nodding,bumping,gesture,adults,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Read the following _ and decide whether they are true or false. (state) 2. He was a phy
6、sics _. Thats to say, he _ in physics. (major) 3. The tiger is a _ of the cat family. (represent) 4. The wonderful _ (introduce) of the book arose my _ (curious) to know more about the story. 5. As we all know, _ speak louder than words. (act),statements,majored,major,representative,curiosity,introd
7、uction,actions,6. Something _ (speak) hung in the air between them. 7. Her _ (face) expression showed that she did not quite understand what was going on. 8. After a sic-day negotiation(谈判), the two sides finally came to an _ (agree). 9. I told him Id meet him here, but perhaps he _ (understand) and
8、 went straight to the pub. 10. He entered the room, _ (close) followed by the rest of the family.,unspoken,facial,agreement,misunderstood,closely,四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1. 相反_ 2. 一般来说_ 3. 丢脸_ 4. 愿意_ 5. 背对，拒绝帮助_ 6. 面部表情_ 7. 伸手_ 8.保护以免受_,defend. against,on the contrary,in general,lose face,be willing
9、 to (do.),turn ones back to,facial expression,reach out,9. as well _ 10. close to _ 11. at ease _ 12. nod at _ 13. not nor _ 14. be likely to do _ 15. be wrong about _ 16. not all / all not _,并非全部,也,靠近；即将,放松,朝点头,既不也不,很可能,误解,五、词组运用 词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。 1.Her husband _ her without
10、a word, which made her very angry. 2.At first we didnt feel _ before him for we had been told that he was a serious person. 3.She felt so cold that she stood _ the fire. 4._, people prefer to take the train instead of the airplane to avoid spending so much on travel. 5.“I hear you are enjoying your
11、new job.” “_, I found it rather dull.”,turned his back to,at ease,close to,in general,on the contrary,翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。 6. 来自不同文化背景的人会经常误解对方。 People from different cultures can often _each other. 7. 他对绘画和作曲都有兴趣。 He is interested in painting and composing _.,be wrong about,as well,句子翻译
12、从上述短语中选择恰当的短语翻译下列句子。 8. 整整一个星期，他既没给她写信，也没给她打电话。 _ _ 9. 并非所有人都喜欢吃辛辣的食物。 _ _,1.Not all people enjoy spicy food. 2.All people do not enjoy spicy food.,For a whole week he did not write to her nor giveher a call.,Language points for Reading ILanguage points for Reading II,Language Data Bank,1.major (1)a
13、dj. : more important; great(er) 较重要的 ，主要的,a major road 干路,这辆车需要大修。,The car needs mayor repairs.,(2)vi.：specialize in a certain subject (at college or university)主修（大专院校的）科目。,黛茜是法语专业的。,Daisy is majoring in French.,(3)：army officer between a captain and lieutenant-colonel 陆军少校,Language points for Read
14、ing I,2. represent (vt.) stand for or be a symbol or equivalent of (sb/sth); symbolize 代表，象征，等于（某人/某事物）；标志,这个方程式中的Y代表什么？,_in this equation?,This design_ in modern art.,这种设计反映了现代艺术中一种主要的新趋势。,2)be an example of (sth.) 是（某事物）的一个例子。,What does Y represent,represents a major new trend,3. introduce (v.): m
15、ake sb known formally to sb else by giving the persons name, or by giving each persons name to the other 把某人介绍给另外的人；使相互认识；引见,请允许我介绍一下，这是亚历山大先生。,Please_ Mr.Alexander.,allow me to introduce,我想我们未曾彼此介绍过。,I dont think_.,weve been introduced,introduction(n.)：formal presentation of one person to another,
16、in which each is told the others name(正式的)介绍；引见。,姚明是一个不需要介绍的人（大家都知道的）。,是大家相互介绍的时候了。,Yao Ming is a person_.,It is time to _each other.,make introductions to,who needs no introduction,5.avoid(vt.) keep oneself away from(sb/sth)避开，躲避（某人/某事物）avoid (driving in) the centre of town 避开 市中心（行驶）。,avoid + doin
17、g sth. 避免做某事,我差点扎着猫。,I just _ the cat.,avoid running,2)stop (sth)happening;prevent 防止（某事）发生；预防,作为一个驾驶新手，林达尽力避免发生事故。,As a new driver, Linda_,avoidable(adj.): that can be avoided 可避免的,tries her best to avoid accidents.,6. nod 1)v. (to / at sb) 老师同意地点点头。 The teacher _ _ _ 她从我身边走过时向我点头致意。 She _ _ _ as s
18、he passed. 2)vt. sth (to sb) 他对我点点头表示欢迎。,nodded in agreement,nodded to me,He _ _ _ to me.,nodded a welcome,n. act of nodding the head 点头 她走过时朝我点一下头。 She _ me _ _ as she passed.,gave a nod,7.curious 1)(about sth/ to do sth) 约翰对人类的起源非常好奇。 John _ _ _ the origin of mankind. 我真想知道她说了什么。 I _ _ _ know what
19、 she said.,is curious about,was curious to,Curiously adv.,她一整天都在那里，然而奇怪的是，我却没有看见她。,She was there all day . But, curiously, I didnt see her.,curiosity n.,7. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they Comfortable touching strangers.不是所有人都以同样方式寒暄。接触陌生人是，距离太近或太远都会使他们不舒服。,They do not sh
20、ake hands with women, _kiss women publicly.,notnor 既不也不,nor are they likely to,2)表示否定意义的nor 放在句首，该句子应用倒装的语序.,即把be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语前。,Nobody can learn body language in one day, _.,没有人能在用一天就学会体态语，我 也不能。,nor can I,类似的用法还有：not, never, neither, hardly, seldom等。,Never has he been to Columbia.,_at the party
21、last night.,他昨晚在晚会上一句话也没有说。,Not a single word did he say,他从来都没有去过哥伦比亚。,8. likely, probable, possible 1）possible 常用于下列结构：its possible for sb. to do sht; Its possible + that 从句,注意：possible 的主语不能是人,2）probable 常用于这种结构：its probable + that 从句,注意：probable 的主语不能是人；英语中几乎不说：“its probable to do sth.”,3) likely
22、 常用于如下结构：sb./sth. is likely to do sth; Its likely that从句 注意：likely 的主语可以是人也可以是物；但几乎不说：“Its likely to do sth.” Its possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. Hes very likely to be late for class. It isnt likely to rain.（此次的it表天气，并非形式主语。）,1. Similar : adj.,be similar to sb./ sth.,我们在音乐
23、方面爱好相似。,We have similar tastes in music.,金和黄铜的 颜色相似。,Gold_ brass.,is similar in color to,similarity n.,Language points for Reading II,2. respect 1) n. for sb./ sth.,我非常尊重你。,I have _ you.,the greatest respect,学生要尊重老师。,Students should _ their teachers.,show respect for,in respect of sth.,就某方面而言；关于某事物,
24、这本书风格极佳。,The book is admirable _.,in respect of style,2) v. sb./ sth.( for sth.),由于你为人正直，我对你十分敬重。,I respect you for your honesty., oneself 自重，自尊,如果你不自重，又怎能受到别人的尊重呢？,If you dont_, how can you _.,respect yourself,expect others to respect you,respectable adj. 体面的；有身份的；值得尊敬的,a respectable married couple
25、,一对值得尊敬的夫妻,respectful adj. 恭敬的，表示尊敬或尊重的, to / towards sb. ; of sth.,必恭必敬地静听着,listen in respectful silence,尊重他人意见,respectful of other peoples opinions,respective adj. 各自的；各个的；分别的,聚会之后我们回到各自的房间。,After the party we all went off to_.,our respective rooms,3. be willing to 愿意做某事,你愿意承担责任吗？,Are you will to
26、accept responsibility?,4. Punish v. 1) sb. (for sth.)(by/with sth.)处罚或惩罚某人,他让孩子赔偿损失，惩罚他们粗心大意。,He_by making them pay for the damage.,punish the children for their careless,2) sth. (by/with sth)以（过错）为由处罚某人,重罪须处以长期监禁。,Serious crime _ by longer terms of imprisonment.,must be punished,punishment n.,现在分词作
27、定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 Eg.In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。,现在分词做定语,Grammar ( 30m ),现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking t
28、o the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.,Practice: _ dogs seldom bite. Bark B. To bark C. Barked D. Barking (2) The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt_. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frightening,D,A,(3) Its pleasur
29、e to watch the face of a _ baby. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept(4) The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming. A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake,C,A,现在分词在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。但要注意它地各种形式变化：,主动形式 被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed,现在分词做状语,一般式,完成
30、式,Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生） The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造地 这栋楼房室我们地 新图书馆（being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）,Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因
31、、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.),While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. (=While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.
32、),1）表时间状语,2) 表原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.),Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.）,既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。,由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。,Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (As I thought he might be at h
33、ome, I called him.),3)表方式、伴随情况地状语 ：作伴随状语地分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。,Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.),他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_ , they went into the classroom.,他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。,He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned
34、 against the wall.),Laughing and talking,4) 表结果 Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.),全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。,The song is sung all over the country,_.,making it the most popular song,5)表条件,Using your h
35、ead, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.),一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。,_, you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,(6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了
36、。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。,有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 (7)作独立成分：Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。,Practise: They set out _ for the _ boy. searching; losing B. searching; l
37、ost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing (2) The student sat there, _ what to do. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowing,B,D,(3)He sat there _ , with his head on his hand. and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought (4) The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with
38、 his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added,B,C,The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president.(MET91) To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2.European foot ball is played in 80 cou
39、ntries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 98) Making B. makes C. made D. to make,B,现在分词表结果状语,A,现在分词作伴随状语,高考链接,3. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (MET93) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing,A,现在分词作伴随状语,4. _ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET92) Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 5._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(上海91年题) Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known,C,A,现在分词作原因状语，分词结构种否定词通常放在现在分词前面。,作原因状语,goodbye,
