1、纺织品后整理(纺工类)复习资料Noun interpretation1, cellulose intergrowth: cotton fiber in the growth process, cellulose content increased with the increase of maturity. In addition, there is a certain amount of cotton fiber growth plays a protective role in the matter, impurity and biological metabolism, the tota
2、l length of the fiber material and symbiosis.2, wool plasticity: refers to wool in hot and humid conditions can make its internal stress quickly attenuated, and can change the existing state of external force, and then by cooling or drying, so that shape maintained.3, mercerizing, refers to the fabr
3、ic under certain tension under the influence of concentrated alkali solution processing, and maintain the required size, the result of cotton fabric to obtain silk luster.4. Dye: refers to the organic compound that can make the fiber dye, and to dye the fiber to have affinity, and have certain color
4、 fastness.5. Color fastness: refers to the dyeing product in the process of use or dyeing process, in a variety of external factors, can maintain its original color and luster ability.6 dyeing: the process of dye transfer to fiber and into the fiber inside the dye bath.7, printing: refers to a varie
5、ty of dyes or pigments into printing paste, local applied to textiles, so that they get all kinds of patterns, patterns of processing.8. Direct printing: the printing paste is directly printed on the white fabric or light colored fabric, and the processing process of various patterns and patterns is
6、 obtained.9, blank space effect: in blended or interwoven fabric dyeing, only one fiber, while the other fiber to avoid dyeing.10, discharge printing: in dyed fabric, printing method to eliminate the local printing process, the original color was white or color pattern.11, resist printing is the fir
7、st printing: after staining with anti - in the printing paste and get local anti staining of disperse dyes.12, finishing of textiles: refers to the physical, chemical or physical and chemical combination method, improve the textile appearance and inner quality, improve the process performance or oth
8、er application performance or give the product a certain special function.13: Shrink: fabric in the relaxed state or after washing, will occur shrinkage deformation.14, resin finishing (finishing): the use of resin fiber and fabric to change the physical and chemical properties, the process provides
9、 shrink-resist, anti wrinkle performance.15, crystallinity: crystalline part of the total fiber content.16 、 orientation degree: the crystal in the fiber has a certain orientation in the process of natural growth, the angle between the long axis of the crystal and the fiber axis is smaller, the heli
10、x angle is bigger, the orientation degree is bigger.17, surfactant: at a very low concentration, can significantly reduce the surface tension of liquid or interphase tension between two substances.18 surface tension: the force on the surface of a liquid by the length of a unit on the surface of the
11、liquid and is tangent to the page.19. Setting: to eliminate internal stress, so that it is in a stable state, such as mercerizing, fixed amplitude, mechanical pre shrinking, resin finishing.20, the original paste: a certain viscosity of the hydrophilic dispersion system, is a dye auxiliary dissolved
12、 or dispersed medium, and as a delivery agent to dye chemicals transfer to the fabric, to prevent the pattern of infiltration.21, pretreatment: with a certain concentration of weak alkali dipping, so that sericin fully puffed, remove some impurities.22, temporary hardness: after boiling hot water, i
13、mpurities in the boiling water can be precipitated, this water is called temporary hard water, and its hardness is called temporary hardness or carbonate hardness.23 permanent hardness: in the form of sulfates, nitrates, or chlorides, calcium and magnesium present in water are called permanent or no
14、n carbonate hardness.24, critical micelle concentration: the minimum concentration required for micelle formation by surfactant, expressed in CMC.25. Transfer printing: a kind of printing method that transfers some dye onto paper and other materials, and then uses hot pressing to transfer the patter
15、n onto the fabric.26, migration: refers to the padding dye fabric in the drying process, the fabric dyes can be shifted with the water movement.Technological processOriginal: cotton cloth to - - singeing desizing and scouring and bleaching - opening, rolling water, drying - mercerizingOriginal: rami
16、e cloth to - - singeing desizing and scouring and bleaching semi mercerizingSilk: embryo silk ready - Pretreatment - refining - (initial refining - refining) - washing (3 times) - bleach - washing (2 times) (or - whitening - dehydration - drying)Original: viscose cloth to - - singeing desizing and s
17、couring - bleaching and washing - Pickling - washing dechlorinationOriginal: polyester cloth to - - singeing desizing and scouring - bleaching water - steam - waterOriginal: Polyester / cotton cloth to - - singeing desizing and scouring and bleaching and mercerizing - heat settingChapter 1 Structure
18、 and main properties of textile fibers1. what are the main chemical and chemical properties of natural cellulose fibers?Answer: chemical composition: beta - D - glucose residue basis, each other by 1, 4 glycosidic bond link.Chemical properties: 1 and alkali: glycoside bond is relatively stable and t
19、he effect of acid alkali: cellulose fiber with acid, feel hard, strength decreased seriously, because of the acid hydrolysis of glycosidic bond played a catalytic role in the oxidant: susceptible to oxidizing oxidized cellulose, make the fiber degeneration damage strength decreased, so the oxidation
20、 bleaching agent, process conditions must be strictly controlled to ensure the fabric and yarn strength.2. what are the main companion organisms in cotton fiber? Why do they have to be removed before dyeing?Answer: the main ingredients of cotton fiber are pectic substances, nitrogenous substances, w
21、axy substances, ash, natural pigments and cottonseed hulls, etcThe removal of water, because these creatures in the dyeing and finishing of cotton fabrics in effect dyeing, whiteness, so before treatment in dyeing and finishing of the need to be removed, in order to meet the needs of the dyeing and
22、finishing processing and wearing.3. what is the reason for the difficulty of dyeing ramie fiber? What is the solution?Answer: reasons: hemp fiber crystallinity, orientation degree is high, macromolecular chain arrangement is neat and tight, the pore is small and less, swelling difficult. At the same
23、 time, hemp fiber contains a certain amount of lignin and hemicellulose and other impurities, dyeing dye diffusion difficulties, poor performance, low exhaustion, dyeing dyeing cellulose fiber dyeing, low yield, easy to stain.Solution: (1) pretreatment of linen fiber, such as mercerizing, to reduce
24、the crystallinity of fibers. (2) modify the linen fiber, such as cationic treatment, so that the fiber has a positive charge. To improve the affinity of the anionic dyes.4. what are the chemical structures and main properties of wool fibers?Answer: answer: the chemical structure of wool: in addition
25、 to the main component of keratin,Also contains suet, suint, sand and vegetable matter and other non protein substances.The main properties of wool: 1 with plasticity, poor heat resistance; 2, 3.; with a strong hygroscopicity, moisture absorption swelling; 4, acid is relatively stable; 5, the alkali
26、 stability is poor; two disulfide bond 6, wool can react with reducing agent; 7, wool fiber sensitive to oxidant.5. what is the chemical composition of mulberry silk? The main properties of sericin and silk fibroin are described respectively.Answer: chemical composition: silk fibroin, sericin, wax,
27、pigment, inorganic substance.Main performance:Fibroin: hygroscopic: good heat resistance and the strong acid resistance: acid strong alkali resistance and alkali resistance than the oxidizing agent: the case of oxidizing agent, silk fibroin peptide bond cleavage in the molecule, but serious when sil
28、k completely decomposed the reducing agent of silk fibroin function is very weak, no the dyeing performance has obvious damage: the dyeability of common acid and reactive dye etc.Sericin: moisture absorption: higher than silk fibroin, swelling after water, then dissolved. Second, the role of acid an
29、d alkali: in strong acid or strong alkaline medium, can dissolve quickly, in which the heating of alkaline medium is more powerful.6. try to analyze the action mechanism of polyester and alkali.Answer: Polyester ester bond in alkaline hydrolysis, hydrolysis of acid and alkali action to produce sodiu
30、m salt, so that hydrolysis reaction has been carried on, so polyester alkali resistance is poor. In concentrated solution or high temperature dilute alkali solution, the fiber will gradually reduce the hydrolysis, lower molecular weight, strength, but the pet have greater hydrophobicity, crystallini
31、ty and orientation degree is high, so the hydrolysis reaction occurs only in the surface of the fiber, and from the outside to the inside, when the hydrolysis degree of fiber, basically keep the round, just fiber gradually fine, using this method, the polyester “alkali peeling“, the fibers become th
32、in and soft. A fabric made of real silk.The second chapter: dyeing and finishing water, dyeing and finishing auxiliaries1) noun explanation (omitted)2) what is the influence of water quality on textile dyeing and finishing?Answer: Requirements: transparent, colorless, tastelessEffects: 1. When scour
33、ing, hard water meets caustic soda to produce insoluble calcium, magnesium deposits, deposits on fabrics, thereby wasting caustic soda. When soap meets calcium and magnesium ions to produce insoluble calcium and magnesium soap, it not only wastes soap, but also affects fabric feel and luster. The ir
34、on and manganese ions in water not only affect the whiteness of fabrics (such as embroidered spots, black silk fibers, etc.), but also cause fiber brittleness during bleaching. The dyeing, hard water can cause some dye additives precipitation caused by uneven dyeing, dye waste. Calcium and magnesium
35、 ions affect the treatment of softeners. If the boiler with hard water, is easy to form scale, reduce the thermal conductivity, fuel waste, serious thermal explosion accidents can be uneven.3) what is a surfactant? A brief overview of the basic role of surfactants.Answer: surfactant: surfactant is a
36、 substance that can significantly reduce the surface tension or interphase tension between two phases at very low concentrations.Its functions are as follows: 1 wetting and osmosis; 2 emulsification and dispersion; 3 solubilization; 4 washing; 5 foaming and defoaming.4) a brief description of water
37、softening methods. What are the advantages and disadvantages?Answer: 1.Precipitation method: use lime water and soda ash to make calcium and magnesium in water produce calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide precipitate. Soda ash, sodium phosphate three is commonly used as softener. 2. complexing wit
38、h six sodium metaphosphate as softener, the formation of stable water soluble complex. 3. ion exchange resin method: common ion exchange resins are sulfonated enzyme and ion exchange resin.Merits and demerits:Precipitation: low cost, but not a high degree of softening.Complexing: softening effect is
39、 good, but the cost is high.Ion exchange resin softening: softening effect is good, but exchange resin will fail after a certain period of time, need to be recycled.The third chapter deals with the pretreatment of textiles1. what is the purpose of Textile Pretreatment?Answer: the removal of natural
40、impurities contained in the fiber and the slurry and the contamination of the applied in textile processing on the oil, make the fiber and give full play to its excellent quality, and make the fabric with white, soft performance and good permeability, in order to meet the requirements of taking, and
41、 provide reasonable dyeing, semi-finished products printing and finishing.2. what are the auxiliaries used in scouring of cotton fabrics? The functions of various additives in scouring are briefly described.Answer: scouring agent:Main agent: caustic soda (NaOH)Additives: surfactant, sodium sulfite,
42、sodium silicate, sodium phosphateEffect: 1: practice the main agent, caustic soda can make wax saponification and emulsification removal, the hydrolysis of pectin, nitrogen removal, the cottonseed shell swelling, loose, after washing and rubbing to remove. The surfactant, sodium soap. It is benefici
43、al for scouring liquid to damp the fabric and penetrate into the fabric. It is helpful to remove impurities and improve scouring effect. Results: sodium sulfite helps remove cottonseed shell; prevent alkali cotton fiber in high temperature by air oxidation fade bleaching effect certain damage. The a
44、dsorption of sodium silicate and iron impurities in the liquid scouring and decomposition products, improve water absorption and whiteness. The sodium phosphate: softening water, enhance the scouring effect, saving additives.3. what is mercerizing? The mechanism of mercerization of cotton fabric is
45、briefly described.Answer: mercerizing definition: mercerizing refers to the fabric under certain tension, processed by concentrated caustic soda solution, and maintain the required size, the result of cotton fabric to obtain silk luster.The mechanism is: produce alkaline cellulose cotton fiber in ca
46、ustic soda concentration effect, and make the fiber swelling dramatically irreversible, sodium ion is mainly due to small size, the amorphous region not only can enter the fiber, and part of the crystalline region can also enter the fiber; at the same time because it has many sodium ions around the
47、water, the water a thick layer, when the sodium ion into the fiber, and combined with fiber, large quantities of water are being brought into the severe swelling caused by fiber.Mercerizing change: cross section from round to round, the crystallinity decreases, the degree of orientation increases.4.
48、, try to write cotton, linen, viscose, silk, polyester, polyester cotton blended fabric pretreatment process.Answer: answer: Original: cotton cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleaching - - - opening, rolling water, drying - mercerizing.Original: ramie cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring b
49、leaching - - - semi mercerizing.Flax: Joint - - - singeing desizing scouring - bleaching - drying - semi - mercerized singeing.Silk: embryo silk preparation - Pretreatment - refining - (initial practice - re training) - water (3 times) - bleach - water (2 times) (or - whitening - dehydration - drying).Original: viscose cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleaching - - - - - - dechlorine washed pickling washed.Original: polyester cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleaching and washing - - - steaming - washing.Original: Polyester / cotton cloth to - - singeing desizing scouring bleach
