1、第三部分 题型研析 高分保障,题型 1 听力测试,听力试题主要考查学生听音辨义的综合能力。临沂中考英语听力试题题材多样，包括日常交际用语、常用对话和短文。从试题考查的内容看，主要是贴近学生生活、基本上没有生词的英语材料，另外辅以一部分难度略低于教材内容的实用英语。试题的形式由选择题和听写两部分组成。从考查学生的听力技能来看，临沂中考听力大致分为四种题型：1听句选图题：这个题型主要考查学生听句辨意，观察选图的能力。所涉及的话题与考生的日常学习生活息息相关，如：饮食、运动、日常作息、交通方式、活动等。,2对话理解题：此题型分为短对话理解和长对话理解。简短的小对话通常涉及约会、问路、购物、谈论日常发
2、生的事情等。长对话内容较为复杂，一般长对话后面有五个小题。3短文判断正误题：此题型考查学生对所听短文的综合理解能力及信息判断能力。主要考查有情节的小故事。短文在120词左右(短文读两遍)。故事中涉及的人物活动、时间、地点、心理活动、年龄、人物与事件的对应点都是考点，另外，特别注意文段中的数字，在数字上出题的频率较高。4听对话填句/表题：该题属于笔答题，明确了考查重点，这样听起来就有较强的针对性；试题设置往往按对话内容的先后顺序，以考查细节内容为主，主要考查录音中的人物、数字、时间、地点、活动内容和方式、事物特点等。,解题技法指导,类型1 听句选图题,1.首先要快速浏览所给图片，弄清楚图中信息，
3、包括图中的人物、事物、动作及形态。建议考生可根据图片预测一些关键词，这些关键词通常应为名词或动词。 2答题时要学会把握能够与图片内容相对应的关键信息。通常情况下，句子的谓语和宾语能够说明事件，是重点把握的关键信息。 【例】 听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。,1_ 2._ 3._ 4_ 5._,【听力原文】 1The computer is one of the most useful inventions. 2Last term，I got an “A” on my math exam.My parents were very pleased with me. 3Whale
4、s are larger than any other animal in the ocean. 4Playing football makes him relaxed and happy. 5The air is fresher in the countryside，and people can enjoy nature there.,【解析】 1.快速浏览所给图片，弄清楚图中的人物、事物、动作及形态。根据读图预测一些关键词，第一幅关键词为“A”；第二幅关键词为whales；第三幅关键词为computer；第四幅关键词为countryside；第五幅关键词为play football；第六幅
5、关键词为monkey。2.在听句子时要学会把握与图片内容相对应的关键信息。通常情况下，所听句子中的谓语和宾语是重点把握的关键信息。【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.E 5.D,类型2 对话理解题,1.快速浏览选项，了解有关信息和预测话题，然后再听对话的有关内容。 2重点关注第二发言者，第二发言者针对前者的提问所作的回答，往往就是谈话的关键内容，通常成为对话后问题的要点。 3要注意时间、地点、人物、数字和事件等，同时还要认真地做好记录。【例】 听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。 1A.Its in front of the post office. BIts be
6、tween the bank and the post office. CIts next to the supermarket and across from the bank.,2A.David. BPeter. CLinda.3A.He was reading at the library. BHe was playing basketball on the playground. CHe was doing his homework at home.4A.For four days. BFor three weeks. CFor two months.5A.The river is b
7、adly polluted. BThere is no water in the river. CThe water is too deep.,【听力原文】 1W：Excuse me.Is there a restaurant around here? M：Yes，there is.Just go along Bridge Street and turn left when you see the post office.Its next to the supermarket and across from the bank. Q：Where is the restaurant?2M：Im g
8、oing to get good grades this year.Did you make a New Years resolution，Linda? W：Yes，David，I did.Im going to learn to play the piano.How about Peter? M：Hes going to make a soccer team. Q：Who is going to make a soccer team?,3W：The weather is beautiful today! But yesterdays rainstorm was the heaviest on
9、e so far this year.I was at home doing my homework yesterday at the time of the rainstorm. M：I was reading at the library at that time. Q：What was the boy doing when the rainstorm came yesterday?,4W：Ive been in China for two months，but Im going back to Australia tomorrow. M：Have you traveled much? W
10、：Yes，I have.Ive seen many interesting things. Q：How long has the lady been in China?5M：Hey，Gina.Lets go swimming in the river later this afternoon. W：I dont think I want to go，Frank.I was there last Sunday and the river was really dirty.Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. Q：Why wont Gi
11、na go swimming in the river?,【解析】浏览所有小题可知：第1小题应是一道关于问路的对话理解，重点听地点；第2小题重点听人物所做的事情；第3小题应重点捕捉事件；第4小题应关注时间长短；第5小题应重点听事情的原因。【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A,类型3 听短文判断正误题,此类试题往往要求考生就文章中涉及的时间(有时是变化的时间)、地点、人物(性别、年龄、多个人物之间的关系)等具体细节进行判断；就事件的原因与结果之间的逻辑关系、事件发生过程中的细节、作者的观点或者文章的中心进行推理、总结、归纳。 1听录音前要充分利用间隙时间，阅读五个句子，在阅读过程中，
12、可用笔圈出或画出可能设陷阱的关键点。 2要根据问题大致推测出文段的话题，从而做好心理准备，读到之前标注的关键信息处要格外注意。 3听第一遍录音时，不要急于作答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄清楚文章的关键信息。在听第二遍录音时，可适当地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等。同时把可能正确的答案做上记号，检验核对答案，以减少差错。,【例】 听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒的时间阅读下列句子。 ( )1.A guide is talking to the tourists. ( )2.The tourists
13、 are on the way to London. ( )3.People in London dont like to help foreign tourists. ( )4.People working there often spend a lot of time visiting the museum. ( )5.There are many parks and gardens in the city.,【听力原文】 Hello，ladies and gentlemen.I am your guide today.First，Id like to tell you something
14、 about London before we arrive.As you know，London is the capital of England.It lies on the River Thames.Its a very big city，with a population of about 7 million.The people are usually friendly and helpful，especially the policemen.They are always glad to tell visitors about their city. London is a bu
15、sy place.People work in offices，banks or companies.They are in a hurry all the time. London is also a beautiful city.It has lots of parks and gardens.When you are in London，you should visit the London Museum.It can tell you a lot of interesting stories.You may also visit many other places of interes
16、t，such as Big Ben and the River Thames. Wish you a good time!,【解析】 浏览所有句子，判断短文内容与旅游有关，且极可能是导游向游客介绍伦敦的概况。第1题考查说话者的身份，要求考生听录音时注意表明其职业特征的关键词句(短文的第一、二句)，正确答案为A。第2题考查旅游者所在的地方(where)，录音中“about London before we arrive”是关键，正确答案为A。第3题考查伦敦市民对外国游客的态度，“dont like to help foreign tourists”与原文中的“The people are usu
17、ally friendly and helpful，especially the policemen.”不符，故答案为B。第4题考查伦敦人的生活状况(how)，从文中“London is a busy place.”及“They are in a hurry all the time.”可知答案为B。第5题是对伦敦市容的考查，从“beautiful”及“lots of parks and gardens”等信息可知答案为A。【答案】 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A,类型4 听对话填句/表题,这类对话理解题是听一段完整的长对话，根据对话内容完成句子或补全表格中所缺的信息，对话一般读三遍。
18、做此类题目时，首先要根据题目中缺失的部分及已提供的相关信息找到要听的重点，从听力材料中找缺失信息。 1听录音要充分利用间隙时间，阅读句子或表格内容。读句子或表格时，一是要把握住对话的主要话题；二是要对句子/表格中所缺的关键信息进行预测，以便听录音时特别留意。 2所填词汇，既要符合对话的内容，又要符合语法的要求。名词注意单复数，动词注意过去式还是过去分词等。考生往往对这些词汇听不清楚，但对答题起着非常重要的作用。,【例】 听写。听对话，根据对话内容完成下列句子，每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。 1Whats the date of Lindas birthd
19、ay?Its the 27th of_ 2How old will Linda be next Friday?She will be_ 3What does Linda like doing?She likes _ and listening to popular music. 4Who is Lindas best friend?_. 5What new present will Linda get?A _ about popular music.,【听力原文】 M：Tina，do you know its Lindas birthday next week? W：No，I dont.Jim
20、，youre her best friend.Do you know what day her birthday is? M：Yeah，of course，its on Friday.Its the 27th of June. W：How old will she be? M：She will be twelve.I want to give her a present，but I dont know what to get her.Can you help me decide? W：What does she like doing? M：She likes reading. W：Why do
21、nt you get her a book? M：She already has a lot of books.I want to get her something different.,W：What else does she like doing? M：She likes listening to popular music. W：How about getting her a CD? M：Thats too expensive.I cant afford to get her a CD. W：Then I know what you should get as a new presen
22、t.A magazine about popular music.Shell be pleased with her favourite things. M：Thats a great idea! Thanks，Tina.,【解析】 1.材料中“Its the 27th of June.”告诉我们她的生日具体是哪一天。2.由“She will be twelve.”可知Linda下周五就十二岁了。3.根据“She likes reading.”和“She already has a lot of books.”以及“She likes listening to popular music.”我
23、们就可确定她的爱好是看书和听流行音乐。4.由“Jim，youre her best friend.”可知Linda最好的朋友是Jim。5.由“A magazine about popular music.”可知Jim 在Linda生日那天要送给她一本有关流行音乐的杂志。【答案】 1.June 2.Twelve / 12 3.reading 4.Jim 5.magazine,即时运用,(一)听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。,1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._,F,D,C,A,B,(二)听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。 ( )6.A. Its o
24、nly one kilometer.BIts only two kilometers.CIts about three kilometers. ( )7.A. Twice a week.BTwice a month.COnce a month. ( )8.A. Eating and drinking.BRunning in the hall.CTaking photos. ( )9.A. The music that she can sing along with.BThe music that she can dance to.CThe music that has great lyrics
25、. ( )10.A. Because he must meet his friends.BBecause he must study for an English test.CBecause he must study for a math test.,B,B,C,C,C,(三)听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用 “A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒种的时间阅读下列句子。 ( )11.In everyday English，colors have some specialmeanings. ( )12.“Blue” sometimes means
26、“sad” in spokenEnglish. ( )13.“Yellow” always means “afraid” in English. ( )14.We never tell a white lie to the peoplearound us. ( )15.A boy is afraid to climb up the tree.He is yellow.,A,A,B,B,A,(四)听写。听对话，根据对话内容完成下列句子，每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。 16How long havent they seen each other?Rose h
27、asnt seen Bill for_ 17What is Rose busy with?Rose is busy with the _ 18What would Rose and her sister like to do?They would like to _ 19What is a good choice?_ is cheaper and closer to nature. 20Why is it a good way to relax?Because its a good way to _ our schoolwork for a while.,three/3weeks,exam,g
28、o to the beach,Camping,forget,题型 2 单项填空,一、题型特点 单项填空考查学生语言知识的综合运用能力。随着每年中考一步步的改进，该题型更加注重考查学生的实际运用能力。纯粹考查语法的题目在逐渐减少，取而代之的是着重考查单词、词组在特殊语境中的含义，考查学生在特定的语言环境下对语言意义的领悟、判断与运用能力；口语交际的比例逐步扩大；动词和主从复合句的考查是热点。二、必考点归纳 冠词、代词、名词、介词、连词、形容词及副词的比较等级、动词短语、动词不定式、情态动词、时态(现在完成时、过去进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、一般现在时、现在进行时)、感叹句、被动语态和宾语从句
29、。,解题技法指导,方法1 固定搭配法,固定搭配法，就是利用学过的固定短语进行解题。【例】 Well have dinner at Qianxilong Restaurant，which is famous _ its food. Aof Bto Cfor Das【解析】 be famous for为固定词组，意为“因而出名”；be famous as也是固定词组，意为“作为而出名”。根据句意可推知千禧龙酒店因其食物而出名。【答案】 C,方法2 标志词法,许多题目中都有一些词，它们对快速而准确地判断答案起着重要的作用，找到这些标志词，就找到了解题的突破口。【例】 It was reported
30、that nine Chinese people_in a balloon crash (坠毁)in Egypt on February 26，2013. Aare killed Bwere killed Cwill kill Dhave killed【解析】 根据“on February 26，2013”这个时间状语，我们很容易判断应为一般过去时。【答案】 B,方法3 排除法,排除法，就是根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就能看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余项代入空白处进行验证。【例】 Can I come this afternoon or tomorrow morning? _is
31、OK.Im free today and tomorrow. AEither BNeither CBoth DNone【解析】 根据题意，应理解为今天和明天都有空，由此排除B、D两项表示否定含义的代词。虽然both表示“两者都”，但谓语动词应使用复数形式，所以排除C项。either意为“(两者中的)任何一个”，谓语动词使用单数。【答案】 A,方法4 语境分析法,语境分析法，就是根据所处的语言环境，联系上下文直接解题。【例】 Mom，I was the first to reach the top of the mountain. Good job，Jack！Im_ of you. Acaref
32、ul Bproud Ctired Dafraid【解析】 be careful of；be proud of；be tired of；be afraid of这四个词组都存在，但根据语境，“我”是第一个到达山顶的，妈妈肯定对此感到“骄傲”。【答案】 B,方法5 前后照应法,前后照应法，就是解题前透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含的信息，找到正确答案。【例】 What fun The Croods is! Yeah！I like the movie，too.Its so_ Aboring Bscary Cinteresting Dsad【解析】 根据上句的“fun”和“I like the mo
33、vie，too.”可知这部电影很有趣。【答案】 C,方法6 交际法,交际法，就是利用交际用语的问和答来解题。【例】 I will go to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon，so I cant go swimming with you. _ AIts my pleasure. BYou are welcome. CThats a pity. DSure，I am.【解析】 根据句意，前者不能一块去游泳了，错过了一个机会，这种情况下我们使用“真遗憾”作为应答。【答案】 C,方法7 还原法,还原法，有时也叫代入法，是仿照数学
34、中代入答案演算从而验证是否准确的一种方法。具体来讲，做题时，先读题干，分析句子结构和考查目的，然后浏览选项，根据题干把认为最有可能的选项代入到题干中去读，看是否有意义、是否符合语法、是否完整、是否符合固定搭配等，从而来判断代入的选项是否是最佳答案。【例】 I dont know how to search the Internet. _Ill help you. AI hope so BDont worry CIm afraid，too DNor do I,【解析】 本题考查提供帮助句型的问答。题干句意：我不知道如何上网。_。我会帮助你。先看选项，不确定哪一个合适，可把每一个选项都代入，看一看
35、是否通顺或者完整。代入A项“我希望如此，我会帮助你”，不通顺；代入C项“恐怕我也不会，我会帮你”，自相矛盾；代入D项“我也是，我会帮你”，也不符合逻辑。只有B项“不必担心，我会帮你”合适。【答案】 B,即时运用,1I cant find my ticket.I think I have lost _. Ait Bone Cat Don2Nice to meet you，Mr.Green.Im Sandy and this is Brad，Ken and Emily. _ ASee you later BYoure welcome CPleased to meet you all DYou ha
36、ve a point there3Pass the raincoat to me，please.It _ hard now. Here you are. Ais raining Brained Cwill rain Drains,A,C,A,4The milk shake tastes good.How do you make it? Its easy，just follow the _ Adiscussions Binstructions Cresolutions Dintroductions5Could you please tell me _？ Ten years ago. Awhen
37、you taught in this school Bwhen did you teach in this school Chow long you taught in this school Dhow long did you teach in this school6Mary runs _ of all the girls in her school，and she won the 100meter race last month. Anearest Bhighest Cfastest Dslowest,B,A,C,7Their classroom is as_as ours. Aclea
38、ner Bclean Cthe cleanest Dmuch cleaner8Tomorrow my parents will take me to Hong Kong Disneyland. _ ABest wishes to you! BIts a good idea. CHave a good day! DGood luck to you!9What a bad day! Everyone has one of those days when _ goes right. Anothing Banything Ceverything Dsomething,B,C,A,10I hear yo
39、uve got a new watch._ I have a look? Yes，you may. ADo BMay CShould DShall11Excuse me，could I borrow your computer? _，but please give it back by Saturday. AIm sorry BOf course CCertainly not DNo，thanks12He borrowed some money _ me and gave it_the poor man. Ato；for Bfor；to Cfrom；to Dto；from,B,B,C,题型 3
40、 阅读理解,解题技法指导,类型1 判断正误型阅读理解,1.本题设置5个小题，要求考生根据短文内容，判断5个句子的正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。2文章通常在200词左右，阅读量和难度相对较小，题目内容通常是按文章内容的先后顺序设计。,例题精析,2017青岛中考 Our skin is like a bag that we live in.Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water.Our water is like the water in the sea.It is very salty.Also，like the ocean，we
41、can lose our water.The wind and the sun could take it away.Our bag of skin keeps our bodys ocean from drying up. Our skin keeps out sunshine.Too much sunshine can hurt us.Skin also keeps out dirt.Thats important because some kinds of dirt can make us sick.Our skin feels things.It feels warm things，c
42、old things，things it touches，and things that hurt it.A campfire feels warm.A snowball thrown in our face feels cold and hurts us.A hug is the touch of another persons skin on our own.,Our hair is a special kind of covering.It helps us keep things out of our eyes，ears and nose.Hair is also good for k
43、eeping us warm.When we get goose bumps(鸡皮疙瘩)，our body hairs stand up.Then the hairs hold air close to our skin like a thick blanket(毯子)Hair keeps animals warm，too.Some animals have more hair than others，so they have a better blanket for cold weather. Our nails(指甲)are another special skin which are v
44、ery hard.They help keep our fingers from getting hurt.Our nails arent as strong as the nails that animals have.But they are good for picking up coins.,1Our skin is like a bag full of salt. 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water.”可知，人身体绝大部分是由水组成。故原题表述错误。 【答案】 B2Our skin keeps
45、out dirt and sunshine. 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Our skin keeps out sunshine.”和第三句“Skin also keeps out dirt.”可知，本题的叙述是正确的。 【答案】 A3Our skin helps us feel things，touch or hurt others. 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“It feels warm things，cold things，things it touches，and things that hurt it.”可知，我们的皮肤可以感知到伤害它的东西，而不是皮肤帮助我
46、们伤害其他(人或事物)。故原题表述是错误的。 【答案】 B,4Our hair helps protect our eyes，ears and nose. 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It helps us keep things out of our eyes，ears and nose.”可知，原题表述正确。 【答案】 A5Our nails are weaker than the nails that animals have but can keep our fingers safe. 【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句“They help keep our fi
47、ngers from getting hurt.Our nails arent as strong as the nails that animals have.”可知，原题表述正确。 【答案】 A,技法点拨,1要保持对文段数字的敏感度。有关年份、月份、数量、倍数、时间长短等的数字往往是设题点。 2要注意主语(包括人和事物)与动作(或所处的状态)的对应情况。有些题目是通过张冠李戴的方式设置的，要注意区分。 3要注意时态。有些是通过在事件发生的时间上动手脚进行的。要学会通过对句子时态的判断对时间进行定位。 4答题时要注意正确项的特点，回原文找答案。 (1)正确项的特点：正话反说，肯定句变否定句，
48、同义词替换，叙述角度转换而中心不变。 (2)干扰项的特点：绝对化，如：only，all，always，never等。偷换概念：如扩大或缩小范围，此时要特别注意名词前形容词修饰限制。片面化：如以偏概全，以枝节代主题。窜词现象或无中生有。 本题难度较低，所有答案均可通过与原文进行对比得出，只要细心，想拿满分并不难。,类型2 选择型阅读理解,临沂中考阅读理解B篇是选择型的阅读理解，话题多为科技性的说明文。 考查方式上多为3道细节理解题和1道推理判断题或词义猜测题和1道主旨大意题。,阅读指导,在平时的阅读训练中，我们可以按照以下几点来做： 1抓关键句(如名词、动词、主谓宾构成的简单句及常见的几种复合句)。 2抓首尾句，即中心句，也叫主题句。 3在浏览题目的同时，用铅笔画出有关信息，缩小寻找范围。 4学会通过阅读上下文或跳读来推测词义。 最后，要复读检查。答完题后，再重读一遍短文，以验证所做的答案。,
