1、2018学年度人教版必修4 Unit 2Working the land Learning about language,_ brown (skin) from spending too much time in the sun _ to make something or somebody free of _ to become larger in size, number or amount,sunburnt,ridof,expand,Discovering useful words and expressions,1 Find the word or phrase from the te
2、xt for each of these meanings.,4. _ to make information and ideas known to many people 5. _ would prefer to 6. _ to try extremely hard to achiever something,circulate,would rather,struggle,7. _ to send things to foreign countries for sale 8. _ pleased by having what one wants or needs 9. _ to provid
3、e with things necessary for a certain purpose 10. _ plants grown in large amounts by farmers 11. _ because of,export,satisfied with,equip,crop,thanks to,Answer key for Ex 2:,1. information: statistics; world: globe 2. Strong: super; races: nationalities 3. Not having enough food: hunger; sickness: d
4、isease 4. A small Southeast Asian country: Vietnam; jobs: occupations 5. Open conditions: freedomsold and sent abroad: exported,3 Complete the passage with the words below in their proper forms.,disturbing expand output struggle battles grain crops decade equip,In the past _, some of the farmers in
5、the west of China have met with some success in the _ against the _ desert. _ with new scientific farming methods,decade,struggle,expanding,Equipped,they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. Their _ of _ and other _, however, is still the same, which makes it possible for them to us
6、e the remaining farmland for planting trees. These and other farmers are starting to win small _ in the great war against the _ growth of the desert.,output,grain,crops,battles,disturbing,The ing form as the Subject and Object,Grammar,Have you ever seen these signs?,parking, spitting, littering, smo
7、king,-ing forms,1. 动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成, 因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。 如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和 数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有 时态和语态的变化。 3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以 作主语、宾语等。,一、动词-ing形式作主语 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Walking is a goo
8、d form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种 很好的锻炼。 Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了 我的一种日常习惯。,Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车去杭州要16个小时。 Asking a womans age is impolite in our country. 在我们国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。,2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it 作形式
9、主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。 常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如: Its no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。,Its a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。 Its dangerous swimming in the
10、 sea on windy days. 有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。 It is worthwhile discussing the question. 这个问题值得讨论。,3. 在there be结构中作主语, 这种结构的意思 相当于“It is impossible to do ”。如： 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 这种事开不得玩笑。Here is no joking about such matter. 无法知道他什么时候离开 There was no knowing when he would l
11、eave.,动名词与不定式做主语时的比较： 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作, 不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如： 还是个孩子的时侯, 她就觉得探视病人是 一种责任, 也是一种愉悦。 As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure 到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的 经历。Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.,一直不做就是作恶。Doing nothing is doing ill 他说: “继续
12、这样下去是无用的。”He said, “To go on like this is no use.” 我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。Its an honor for me to be invited to the party,归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的 There is no
13、doing 无法; 不允许,There is no sense in doing 做没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.,注意: There is no need to do sth 干没必要, 在
14、此句式中to do不可换为doing. 没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her. 提示: 当动名词用作主语时, 其逻辑主语由 形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 我姐姐病了, 使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made me worried. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.,二、动名词用作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况。 1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有 avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。如： 我不能不去。I cant avoid going 你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered looking for one special friend?,
