1、Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors,2018学年度人教版选修8Unit5 Period5Using language,Listening and discussing,The work on early people depends on the dates given to the bones that are found. If the dates are wrong, all the data about early people may also be wrong. So Zhou Heping is very interested to find out ho
2、w archaeologists make sure that their dates are accurate.,yogurt pots,orange skin,wastepaper,used envelopes,1 Listen to Part 1 of the tape and try to understand “the wastepaper basket” diagram on the right and fill in the layers.,It uses radioactivity to measure the amount of _ in living things. The
3、 _ in a dead body _ at a _ rate. We know how long that takes, so we can measure the amount of _ and _ how old a bone is.,carbon,carbon,disappears,fixed,carbon,work out,2 Listen to Part 2 and complete the passage below.,3 Look at this archaeological drawing of a section showing buildings at different
4、 times and work out the order in which they were built. Write your answer below and check with your partner. Remember to give a reason for your answer in your discussion.,The oldest building is B because it has no layers underneath it. The second oldest building is C because it has one layer underne
5、ath it. That layer is the remains of the building in B. The most recent building is building A. It has two layers underneath. They are the remains of buildings B and C.,ZH: How can you tell how old the bones are when you find them?,LISTENING TEXT(P42),DATING METHODS,Zhou Heping has come to ask the a
6、rchaeologist, Richard Leakey, how he dates the bones he finds.,RL: There are two main ways: the first uses layers in the ground and the second uses the radiocarbon dating. ZH: How does the layer method work? RL: Well, many layers of soil were produced at different times. Each time people build house
7、s and live,somewhere, they make an occupation layer. Each has a different color and texture. ZH: How does that help? RL: Look at the diagram in your book. Think of your wastepaper basket. When you came into work you threw the orange skin into it. Later,someone threw their empty yogurt pots into it.
8、Then some waste paper was added. Finally someone threw away some used envelopes. How many layers are there? ZH: There are four layers. RL: Good. Now which layer is the latest?,ZH: Now, let me think! Yes, itll be the one on the top, which is the used envelopes.RL: And wheres the oldest layer?ZH: At t
9、he bottom.RL: Well done. When we find bones in layers of soil, we know they are the same age as the soil.ZH: I see.,RL: Now lets think about the second method.ZH: I remember. Its called the radiocarbon dating method. Thats a strange name.RL: Yes. It uses the radioactivity to measure the amount of ca
10、rbon in living things. The carbon in a dead,body disappears at a fixed rate. We know how long this takes, so we can measure the amount of carbon and work out how old a bone or plant is. ZH: Thats very clever. Is it very accurate too? RL: There are some problems, so you,are always given a date plus o
11、r minus some years. For example, your bone may be dated to 10,000 years ago plus or minus 100 years. This means the bone is between 9,900 years and 10,100 years old.ZH: How clever! How old are the bones from the Zhoukoudian Caves?,RL: They are between 250,000 and 40,000 years old.ZH: Perhaps we can
12、go and visit the site together sometime?RL: Of course. Whenever you like!,THE FEAST: 18,000 BC,北京人生活想象图,北京猿人的化石首次发现于1927年 1929年12月2日发现第一个完整的头盖骨 到1937年已发现的北京人的头盖骨共5个。 1941年12月太平洋战争爆发后,在几个美国人手里弄得下落不明。 1966年又发现一个残破的头盖骨。 总共发现了属于40多个个体的北京人化 石。时间距今约七十万年至二十万年。,北 京 人,北京猿人的特征 能够制造和使用劳动工具 能使用天然火 摆脱了杂交的婚姻形态 生活
13、艰苦,寿命比较短暂,北京人使用过的石器,北京人石器制作法,山顶洞人, 距今时间:18000年前 地点:北京周口店龙骨山山顶洞穴 体形:同现代人大体一样,脑容量： 13001500毫升 生产和生活：开始采用磨制和钻孔技术制造石器、骨器制造骨针,缝制兽皮衣服产生了原始宗教仪式过着氏族公社的生活,山 顶 洞 人 头 骨,山顶洞人,Draw the main idea of each paragraph.,Scanning,Para 1. Lala worried about the preparations for thefeast and she hoped the feast could be
14、as good as the one last year.,Para 2. Lala and her families made preparations for the feast.,Para 3. the description of Dahu.,Para 4. how did Dahu make tools.,This text is mainly an imaginative story about a family feast of _.A. a girlB. a manC. a girl of the earliest peopleD. a modern girl 2. From
15、the first paragraph, we can learn that the family groups lived on _.A. fish B. cropsC. hunting D. farming,C,C,Choose the best answer.,3. Lalas guests came to _.A. danceB. talk about an important thingC. enjoy a feastD. see Lala 4. Dahu went out to sharpen the scrapers to _.A. kill an enemy B. use th
16、em as weaponsC. scrape the fish D. cut stones,C,C,5. From the text we can infer that family groups _.A. lived togetherB. lived far awayC. lived in the same caveD. lived separately,D,1. Who works cooperatively and who does tasks alone?Both men and women work cooperatively. For example, Lalas mother a
17、nd aunts were preparing the meat of deer and pig over the fire. Men do tasks alone.,Answer the following questions after reading the text:,2. Who does the most dangerous tasks?Men do the most dangerous tasks. 3. Where does the danger come from?The danger comes from the wild animals.,1 Read the passa
18、ge and find out what thepossible work division was between men and women in primitive societies and fillin the chart below.,Making and repairing tools,Hunting animals,Protecting the group from harm,Cutting down trees,Looking after children,Preparing skins to make clothes,Cutting up meat and fish for
19、 cooking,Collecting nuts, fruit and water,In pairs work out which jobs Dahu did and which Lala did.,catch fish, repair stone, make scrapers and axe-heads,collect fruit and nuts, prepare food,3 Now look closely at the tasks before and discuss which adjectives best describe each of them. Give your rea
20、sons.,caring tough protective dangerous safe useful co-operative patient individual exhausting skilful,Mens tasks: patient (tool making), dangerous (hunting), some individual (tool making and repairing) and some co-operative (hunting), skilful (tool making), protective (of group),Womens tasks: co-op
21、erative (cooking), caring (providing food), patient (collecting food), skilful (cooking), individual (collecting nuts and fruit),Co-operative tasks:Individual tasks:Most dangerous tasks:,men hunting animals; women doing cooking and preparing foodmen making or repairing tools; women collecting fruit
22、and nutsmen hunting animals,Answer key for Exercise 4,Where the danger comes from: Sharing of tasks:,wild animals living near the caves,men and women had clearly divided tasks: fire and collecting nuts needed to be done every day but killing animals would only be done now and then. So the womens tas
23、ks were continuous and the mens tasks were more periodic.,1. be prepared to do sth. be prepared for sth. 为做好准备她已准备好应付这一切。 She _ anything to happen. 我可不愿意在这儿受这种奇耻大辱。_ and listen to these outrageous insults.,was prepared for,I am not prepared to stay,Language points,2. applaud v. 赞赏, 鼓掌向(某人或某物) 表示赞赏,
24、尤指鼓掌欢呼Everyone applauded when the play ended. All people present applauded her success. I applaud your decision. 我赞成你的决定。 3. accelerate vi. / vt. 加速, 促进她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。She _ and passed the bus in front.,accelerated her car,4. If only she had looked ahead and planned better! 要是她能为将来做更好的打算该多好啊！ 1) if
25、only 要是, 只要是, 往往引起虚拟语气，用感叹句。用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟，用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。我要是能飞就好了！ 2) look ahead 向前看, 做未来的打算你是否想过五年后你要做些什么？ _to what youll be doing in five years time?,If only I could fly!,Have you looked ahead,5. arrest vt. 逮捕; 吸引; 扣留; 阻止, 抑制n. 逮捕; 拘留; 停止 他被警察逮捕了。 _. 她警告的口吻引起了我的注意。 Her warning tone _. 警方在足球赛时逮捕了一
26、些人。 The policeman _ during the football match.,He was arrested by the police,arrested my attention,made several arrests,arrest sb for 因逮捕某人 arrest ones attention 引起的注意力 attract ones attention / draw ones attention,6. dizzy: having a whirling sensation and a tendency to fall 眩晕的, 眼花的感到眩晕并要摔倒的a dizzy
27、height 令人晕眩的高度The old woman was dizzied by the strong wind. 那位老太太被风吹得头昏眼花。The disaster dizzied his brain. 那场灾难弄得他头脑昏乱。,7. relief n. U (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除U 救济品 C 减轻痛苦的事物 这药可以稍微减轻你的痛苦。 This medicine will _. 政府送救济品给在台风中失去家园的人们。 The government _. who lost their homes in the typhoon. to ones relief 令放心的是, 令感到宽
28、慰的是 Much to his relief, finally his lost son was found by the police.,give you some relief,sent relief to the people,见到你在这儿也就放心了。 _ to find you here. 她把夹脚的鞋脱下时说: “可松快了！” “_ !” she said, as she took her tight shoes off. 8. gaily adv. 快乐地; 兴高采烈地gay adj. 快乐的; 轻松的 The little girl was chattering gaily al
29、l the way. 那小女孩一路上兴高采烈地说个不停。,Its a great relief,What a relief,9. patient adj. 耐心的; 病人 be patient with 对有耐心的 patience n. 耐心, 忍耐 To become a nurse, one of the qualifications needed is patience. 10. skilful 熟练的, 有技巧的 a skilful driver be skilful at (doing) sth 对熟练,1. The _ house smells as if it hasnt be
30、en lived in for years. A. little white woodenB. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little,Practice adjectives,A,2. John Smith, a successful bus businessman, has a _ car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German Large white,B,3. This _ girl i
31、s Lindas cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish Little prettyC. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish,A,4. _ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese,A,多个形容词顺序巧记：
32、一座漂亮的旧石桥 a fine old strong bridge一些酸绿的食用苹果 some sour green eating apples 口诀顺序: 冠、代、数、形(形状、性质)、 大(大小、长短)、新(新旧)、色(颜色)、 国(国家、产地)、材(材料、用途)、名(名词),What surprised him most happened _ Sunday morning. in a cold rainy B. on a cold rainy C. in a rainy cold D. on a rainy cold,B,Look at these objects. They were
33、found during an excavation in the Sanxingdui Ruins. Suppose you work in a museum and your job is to describe the objects as they are brought to the museum.,Speaking and writing,三星堆-人类文明的奇观 发现: 三星堆遗址最早发现于1929年春天。 偶然的机缘, 广汉中兴场(今南兴镇)月亮湾 一燕氏农民在挖水沟的时候, 不经意间发现了 一块色彩斑澜的玉石。殊不知, 一扇古蜀历史 的大门因之而悄然洞开,沉睡了数千年的远古 王
34、国初露端倪, 挖出的石壁、玉环、玉瑗、 玉璋等珍贵文物达400余件。“广汉玉器” 从此声名鹊起, 引起了文博界极大关注。,华西大学(今四川大学)博物馆教授葛维汉(美籍) 及助手林名均于1933年底带领考古队进驻月亮 湾, 取得了大量的考古资料和文物标本。这些 文物标本在很长的一段时间里, 被称为 “广汉 文化遗物”。 发掘: 1933年的发掘是三星堆遗址历史上第一 次正式发掘, 自此引发了半个世纪的三星堆 遗址考古。以后的几十年里, 几代考古学人 相继在这块土地上不懈地耕耘探索, 取得了 丰硕的成果。,东、西、南三面城墙的确认, 大型宫殿遗址的 发掘清理以及数以万计文物的出土, 尤其是 198
35、6年7月至9月间, 两个大型祭祀坑的相继发现, 上千件文物精品洋洋洒洒地横空出世, 震惊了 全国轰动了全世界。 根据半个多世纪以来考古调查发掘资料的汇集， 可将三星堆遗址的文化层次分为新石器时代和 夏、商、周四个大的时代。在这四个时代中， 小平底陶罐、圈足陶豆、高柄豆等典型器物 在不同时期的形制, 基本上反映出,这一文化连续发展的关系及连贯性。 大型青铜立人像、纵目人面像、八鸟四牛尊、 金杖、戴金面罩青铜人头像、青铜神树等。 三星堆文物作为罕见的、集群展现的人类上 古史奇珍, 有许多器物是世界上独一无二的。 三星堆青铜器每一件都有其独特之处, 其 光怪陆离、奇异诡谲的造型不愧是稀世之珍。,Wh
36、at are they doing?,excavate,collect,identify and analyze,三星堆纵目人,戴冠纵目人 青铜面具,bronze sacred tree,bronze animal-face image,bird-shaped ornament,pot,青铜立人像,In pairs discuss what these objects were possibly used for? All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to e
37、tween 3,000 and 5,000 years ago. Then write a description for the guidebook of the Sanxingdui Ruins. You should include:, the name of the site where the four objects were found and their possible dates a description of each including appearance, shape and a guess about the material it was made of wh
38、at each might be used for what we can learn from these objects about the people who lived then,It looks like How large do you think it is? It may / might be used as / for It could be made from It could be because Is there any on the ? Is it in good/poor condition? What do you think it is?,You may fi
39、nd these expression useful:,3 Write a paragraph about one of the objects. Remember to check your own work for correct grammar, spelling and punctuation. Use headings to organize your writing.,Sample description for guidebook,1 Special bronze treeIt is 395 cm high with some branches on the tree. Ther
40、e are three kinds of fruit on each branch. One of the fruit is a peach. The tree may have had a religious meaning and is connected with the sky and the earth.,2 Bronze mask This is a man-face mask with two eyes, two ears and hair. It fits over an adult face. You can see the teeth and they look as if
41、 the man was smiling. The eyebrows grow into the hair. The nose is very flat. This mask may have represented a god so that the person who wore it would have acted the role of the god.,3. Bronze bird This is a very realistic and lively bronze statue of a bird. Its wing is not realistic but shows some
42、 feathers pointing to the sky. It represented the idea that all animals have spirits and birds were especially important. It may have been used for religious purposes.,4 Clay pot This clay pot was found with the bronze objects already described. It rests on three thick legs which makes it very sturd
43、y. It has a long straight body ending in a dome at the top of the lid. There is also an open mouth-like part to pour the liquid in or out.,The handle reaches from below the open hole to the beginning of the three think legs. It could have been used to hold and pour wine or other liquid. It is elegan
44、t enough to be used by rich people at parties. The owners of this object clearly wanted a functional jug but one that had style and elegance. They were clearly people with artistic taste. It must have come from an old but sophisticated civilization.,Homework,1. Practice using two or more adjectives to describe the Sanxingdui Ruins objects on page 44. 2. Try to write a short passage to describe the life of the primitive people.,
