1、Unit 1 Great scientists Learning about Language,过去分词作定语、表语历年高考对过去分词作定语或表语都有考查。前者以综合考查作定语的非谓语动词之间的辨析的形式设题；后者则以考查系表结构的用法的形式设题。学习时要特别注意分词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间的关系。,用所给词的适当形式填空, 并总结所填形式在句中的功能 But he became _ (inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people _ (expose)to cholera. So many thousands of _ (terr
2、ify)people died every time there was an outbreak. He became _ (interest)in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.,inspired,exposed,terrified,interested,From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the _ (affect) person died. He was _ (determine) to find ou
3、t why. He found that it came from the river _ (pollute) by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.,affected,determined,polluted,astonished,With this extra evidence John Snow was able to
4、announce with certainty that _ (pollute) water carried the virus. 结论: 动词的过去分词在句中作定语(_定语/后置定语)、_()。,polluted,前置,表语,过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析, 过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性, 可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词所表示的动作通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系, 表示被动和完成。下面学习过去分词在句中作定语和表语。,一、过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语时, 其语法功能相当于一个定语从句。At that time, such thing was a
5、 forbidden topic to be talked about(=a topic which was forbidden to be talked about). 那时, 这样的事情是一个被禁止谈论的话题。,2. 过去分词作定语时的位置。(1)一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在所修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调, 也可放在所修饰词之后。Many used cars will be sold in this market. (前置定语)很多二手车将在这个市场出售。 In many countries, words spoken are different from words w
6、ritten. (后置定语)在很多国家, 口头用语与书面用语有区别。,(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语, 即放在所修饰词之后。Last Tuesday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(=which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck. (后置定语)上周二在一个山区, 当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死。This is the soldier wounded in the battle
7、(= the soldier who has been wounded in the battle). (后置定语)这就是在战斗中受伤的战士。,【辨析】三种非谓语形式作定语,动作已经完成,被动的动作正在发生,被动的动作将要发生,The gym built last year opens to the public now. 去年建的体育馆现在已向公众开放。The swimming pool being built belongs to our school. 正在建造的游泳池属于我们学校。The dam to be built next year belongs to our village.
8、 明年要建的大坝是我们村的。,3. 过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成, 即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者, 该动作已经完成。Is this the book recommended by your teacher? 这是你老师推荐的书吗？He is a student loved by all. 他是个为众人所喜爱的学生。,(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成, 不表示被动。Because of drought, there are many fallen leaves (=many leaves which have fall
9、en)on the ground. 由于干旱, 地上有很多的落叶。When he woke up, it had been midnight and he saw the risen moon (=the moon which had risen)in the sky. 当他醒来时已是午夜, 他看到了夜空中已升起的月亮。,二、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语时位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后, 多表示主语的状态或状况, 它所体现的是形容词的特性。He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后,
10、 他显得忧虑。When we heard of it , we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这件事时, 我们被深深地感动了。,【拓展】常见的作表语的过去分词有: amused 愉快的； connected连接的 broken 碎了的； closed 关闭的 completed完成的； astonished吃惊的 covered 覆盖的； crowded 拥挤的 delighted高兴的； disappointed失望的 discouraged泄气的; dressed 穿着的,drunk 喝醉的; experienced 有经验的 gone 遗失的; lost丢失的 worr
11、ied 担忧的； interested感兴趣的 tired 疲劳的; pleased 高兴的 satisfied 满意的; surprised 吃惊的 married 已婚的; known 著名的 confused 困惑的; embarrassed尴尬的,【名师点津】过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。,The people around are all surprised by the bad news. (强调动作)坏消息使周围的人都吃了一惊。The people around are all surprised at the bad
12、 news. (强调状态) 周围的人都因坏消息而感到吃惊。,【辨析】,表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态, 常译作“感到的”,表示事物具有的特性, 常译作“令人的”,He became so discouraged that he almost gave it up. 他变得如此灰心丧气, 以至于他几乎要放弃了。His words are discouraging, which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气, 使得很多人灰心丧气。,1. (2012山东高考)After completing and signing it, please return
13、the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide,【考点透析】 本题考查非谓语动词, 过去分词作后置定语。 (1)通过分析, 明确句子结构。 (2)通过分析成分, 明确非谓语动词在句中所充当的成分。 (3)明确非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。,【思路分析】 (1)句意: 填完并签名后, 请将表格装在提供的信封里返给我们。 (2)根据句意, 此处应强调“被提供的信封”。动词provide与名词envelope之间应为被动关系, 故用其过去分词形式, 且作后置定语。 (
14、3)选项B. provided为过去分词, 表示与其修饰词envelope之间为被动关系。,【易错分析】 (1)选项A. providing现在分词, 表示主动关系。 (2)选项C. having provided现在分词的完成式, 表示主动且先于主句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生。 (3)选项D. provide为动词原形。 【答案】B,2. (2012重庆高考)Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to b
15、e made B. being made C. made D. having been made,【思路分析】 (1)句意: 我们半个小时之后要开个会。在会上作出的决定将会影响我们公司的未来。 (2)非谓语动词作decision的定语, make和decision之间是被动关系, 且是将来发生的动作, 应用不定式的被动形式。 (3)选项A. to be made表被动和将来。,【易错分析】 (1)选项B. being made表被动和进行。 (2)选项C. made表被动和完成。 (3)选项D. having been made表被动和完成, 但一般不作定语。 【答案】A,通过对前面高考题的分
16、析, 同学们掌握基本的做题思路了吗？试着做做下面的题目吧！,3. (2012浙江高考)“Its such a nice place, ”Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意: 当母亲坐在为顾客预留的桌子旁时, 她说“这地方真好。”。此处考查非谓语动词作定语, table和reserve之间是被动关系。to be reserved表将来, 不合题意；having rese
17、rved不能作定语；reserving表主动进行, 也不符合题意。故选D。,4. (2011全国卷)The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意: 因为有一座桥与大陆连接, 那个岛屿很容易去。join是及物动词, 但空格后没有宾语, 故使用join的过去分词形式, 充当表示状态或性质的形容词, 选项A、B、D都是主动式, 需要后接宾语, 因此排除。,5. (2011湖南高考)The pl
18、ayers _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 【解析】选C。句意: 人们期待这些选自全国的运动员在这次夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。这些运动员是被选出来的, 且动作已经完成, 故应用过去分词selected作定语, 修饰the players。,6. (2010重庆高考)Many buildings in the city need repairing, but t
19、he one _ first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意: 这个城市的许多建筑需要修理, 而最先要被修理的是图书馆。由题意可知此处非谓语动词作定语修饰the one。the one(building) 与repair之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 且根据题干的语境可知应该是表将来的动作, 所以D项正确。,7. (2010福建高考)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意: 四月份, 成千上万的度假者由于火山灰云的影响而被滞留在国外。句中remained是系动词, 后跟过去分词作表语, 表示主语的状态。stuck是stick的过去分词, 表示“被卡住”, 引申为“被滞留”。,
