1、英语句法（一）,语法系列,一.英语句子的基本成分有8种：,主语 (subject) 谓语 (predicate) 宾语 (object)定语 (attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 补语 (complement)表语 (predicative)同位语(Appositive),主语 不及物动词 She came/ My head aches. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 主语 系动词 主语补语 She is happy 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me. 主
2、语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk.,简单句基本句型实例,简单句的基本词序,主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） 方式 地点 时间 I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence. The car stop
3、ped suddenly. A young girl walked confidently in the room. They drove him away in a police car.,基本句型实例,1. SV (主语 不及物动词)She came. My head aches. The baby is crying.,基本句型实例,2. SVC (主语 系动词 表语)She is happy He is a student.,基本句型实例,3. SVO (主语 及物动词 宾语)She likes English. She bought a skirt.,基本句型实例,4. SVoO (
4、主语动词间接宾语直接宾语)She gave John a book She bought a book for me.,基本句型实例,5. SVOC (主语动词 宾语宾语补语)She makes her mother angry We believed him honest. The teacher asked me to read the passage.,基本句型实例,6. SVA (主语 动词 状语) They live in Los Angeles.7. SVOA (主语+ 动词 + 宾语 + 状语) He put the coin in his mouth.,附属成份,基本成份的修饰
5、语，可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。,句子成分随堂练习找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分,Last week I went to the supermarket.Last week I went to the supermarket.状 主 谓 状 The play was very interesting.The play was very interesting.主 系 状 表 I cant hear a word.I cant hear a word.主 谓 宾 They were talking loudly.They w
6、ere talking loudly.主 谓 状,It was Sunday.It was Sunday.主 系 表 I get up early on Sundays.I get up early on Sundays.主 谓 状 状 I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I looked at the young man and the 主 谓 宾 young woman angrily.宾 状,I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.I read a few l
7、ines,but I didnt 主 谓 定 宾 连 主 谓 understand a word.谓 宾 My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.My holidays passed quickly,but I主 谓 状 连 主 didnt send cards to my friends.谓 宾 状,I got up early and bought thirty cards.I got up early and bought thirty cards.主 谓 状 连 谓 定 宾 He is workin
8、g for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He is working for a big firm and he has 主 谓 状 连 主 谓 already visited a great number of different 状 谓 定 定 places in Australia.宾 定,He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centr
9、e of Australia.He has just bought a car and 主 谓 状 谓 宾 连 has gone to Alice Springs,a small town 谓 状 同位语 in the centre of Australia.定,He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.He calls at every house in the street主 谓 宾 定once a month and always asks for状 连 状 谓 a meal and a glass of beer.宾,The End,See You Later,
