ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PPT , 页数:61 ,大小:1.57MB ,
资源ID:4161549      下载积分:10 金币
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。 如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝    微信支付   
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【https://www.docduoduo.com/d-4161549.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录   QQ登录   微博登录 

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(1.英语句子成分、种类、练习(上课用).ppt)为本站会员(saw518)主动上传,道客多多仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知道客多多(发送邮件至docduoduo@163.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

1.英语句子成分、种类、练习(上课用).ppt

1、英语句子概论,英语句子成分 & 句子类型,Members of a Sentence & Types of Sentences,什么是句子?,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有? !,I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !,2018/12/12,3,句子的组成成分叫句子成分。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject) 谓语(predicate verb)、表语(predicative)、 宾语(object)、定语(attributive)、

2、状语 (adverbial) 和补语(complement)。,1. 句子的成分,学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。 英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子 的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配, 就能写出完整、正确的句子。,一) 主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事, 由名、代、数、不定式、动名词、短语或句子来充当。 通常位于句首。Animals also have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not al

3、lowed in public places. Whether they will come or not depends on the weather.,名词,代词,数词,to do不定式,动名词,句子(主语从句),二)谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样 由动词或动词词组充当, 位于主语后。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. He laugh

4、ed at his classmates.,三)宾语表示动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受着通常位于及物动词和介词后面。,She covered her face with her hands.We havent seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please. He wants to dream a nice dream. We need know what others are doing. We should care more about our friends.,名词 n,代词 p

5、ron,动名词,代词和数词,to do不定式,句子,介宾结构:名词,My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. Three times five is fifteen. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your f

6、eelings.,名词 n,代词 pron,形容词 adj,-ing形式的adj,介词短语,数词,to do不定式,句子,四)表语说明主语的性质、特征或状态,位于系 动词之后。,五) 定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 定语可由以下等词性表示: Guilin is a beautiful city. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers inour school. His rapid progress in English made

7、 us surprised. Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English. Tom is a boy who likes music very much.,(adj. 形容词),(分词),(n.名词),(pron.代词),(to do 不定式),(动名词),(介词短语),(定语从句),六)状语:修饰动词、

8、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。通常由副词,介词短语和从句充当状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。,The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam .Well send a car to fetch you. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones。The students ca

9、me into the classroom, singing and dancing.If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot.,地点状语,时间状语,原因状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语,条件状语,让步状语,七)宾语补足语:英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,对宾语进行适当地补充说明,才能使句子的意义完整。,They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in

10、 good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in.,名词,形容词,介词短语,to do 不定式,现在分词 doing,done 过去分词,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语的复合结构,八)其他成分 同位语(从句): 对其前面的名词、代词做进一步解释.That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher.China, our motherland, is becoming stronger. The f

11、act that he told a lie to his mom surprised us.,句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中的主语 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,

12、(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twi

13、ns C. have D. breakfast, Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did

14、you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book,(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming. How a

15、bout you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who “Father Christmas“ really is.,(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very t

16、ired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.,(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr./ Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people for

17、got to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily

18、 sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?,(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With th

19、e medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week

20、. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?,句子成份综合练习,1、You should study hard. 2、The teacher got very angry. 3、The boy told me his story. 4、We elected him our monitor. 5、The sun keeps us warm. 6、I told him to open the window. 7、We w

21、atched the train leaving the station.,状语,表语,间宾+直宾,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning. 9. There seems little hopes of success. 10、To our joy, they arrived safe. 11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game. 12. After graduation he will work wh

22、ere he came from.,宾语+宾补,主语,状语,同位语从句,时间和地点状语,2.句子的分类,1)她喜欢集邮.,2)食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.,3)我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.,She is fond of likes enjoys collecting stamps. She cares for prefers collecting stamps.,The food was good, but he had little appetite.,The film had begun when we got to the cinema.,翻译下列句子:,简单句:主谓宾,并列

23、句,主从句:when引导的时间状语从句,判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room. 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,简单句,复合句,简单

24、句,简单句,5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important. 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country mus

25、ic.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,3. 简单句基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一: + (主谓) 基本句型二: + + (主系表) 基本句型三: + + (主谓宾) 基本句型四: + +IO +DO (主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五: + + +(主谓宾宾补),基本句型 一 + (主谓),此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思。 主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语, 如,The red sun rises in the east.Everybody here laughed happily.,基本句型汉译英练习 主谓结构(S十V),翻译练习: 1.你应当努

26、力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。 5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。,8.每天八时开始上课。 9.这个盒子重五公斤。 10.五年前我住在北京。 11.爱丽丝很会游泳。 12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,Check the answers:,1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late ye

27、sterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last (for) two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Things of that sortkind are happening all over the world every day. That sortkind of things is happening all over the world e

28、very day. 7. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.,8. Classes begin at eight every day. 9. This box weighs five kilos. 10. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 11. Alice swims very well. 12. Johns father died last night. 13. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 14. My grandfather ge

29、ts up early in the morning. 15. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,基本句型 二 + +(主谓宾),此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,必须跟一个宾语,才能使意思完整,而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。,2S十V十O主谓宾结构,eg: I saw a film .译:我看了一部电影。 (I是主语,saw是谓语,a film宾语) eg: They took good care of the children 译:他们把这些孩子照看得很好。(they是主语 ,t

30、ook good care of是谓语,其中took是take的过去式,the children是宾语),说明: 此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组,分两种情况: 1.及物动词+副词, 2.不及物动词+介词即变成及物动词词组,1.动词+副词: get in(收割), hand in(提交,交进) turn on(开), turn off(关上), move on(走开), pass on(传递), put on(穿上), have on(穿着)2.动词+介词: persist in(坚持),succeed in (在成功) work on(从事于), operate on(在上动手术), agr

31、ee on(同意)get on(上车,上船), ride on(骑上),有的含有介词 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的,可理解为固定的动词短语。如,look after(照顾), look at(瞧), belong to(属于), serach for seek for look for(寻找), refer to(参考,提及), think of(考虑,评价), send for(派人去请), care for(喜欢), suffer from(受之苦), deal with(对付,应付), object to(反对), pay

32、for(付的钱),等 。,总结:动+副构成的短语动词,宾语是名词可以置中或置后,宾语是代词只能置中.,1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动副词组是可拆分的。如, They carried out the plan successfully. 还可以表达成: They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只说 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully. 动副词组都可以这样用,如,point out(指出), carry out(执行), put for

33、ward(提出), work out(做出,算出), find out(找出), give up(放弃), give away(赠送,分发),pick up(拣起), put up(挂上)等。,Exercise practice,1.昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2.这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times. 3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out) They have carried out the plan successfully. 4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doi

34、ng) You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 6.我开窗户你在意吗? Do you mind my opening the window? 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。(dress oneself) Jim cannot dress himself.,8.我不信任那个人。 (believe in) I dont believe in that man. 9.他指出了我作文中的错误。 (point

35、out) He pointed out the mistakes in my composition. 10.圣诞节我们将去看望外籍老师。 (call on pay a visit to) On Christmas Day, we will call on our foreign teachers. 11.你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in) You must hand in your exercise-books after class. 12.五分钟内我们是不可能解决出这道题的。 (work out) We cannot work out the problem in five

36、 minutes.,13.这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。 (take good care of) The nurse will take good care of your father. 14.你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) You can depend on him in your work. 15.写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over) After writing a composition, we must go over(介)it.,基本句型 三 + + (主系表),此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓

37、语,才能表达完整的意思。 系动词有三类: 1.表示特征和存在状态的: be, seem, appear, feel ,look,smell, sound, taste 2. 表状态延续的:remain, stay, keep, continue, stand 3. 表状态变化 的:become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come,grow,For example: 1 It seems reasonable to ask students to buy a dictionary. 2 He appears (to be) a normal person. 3 Kee

38、p calm when an erathquake happens. When I came in, he remained silentseated. The house stood empty for a long time. In winter, the river runs dry easily. It will continue (to be) hot in September. What you said proved (to be) reasonable.,翻译练习:,我的兄弟都是大学生。 冬季白天短,夜晚长。 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 孩子们,请保

39、持安静。My brothers are all collegeuniversity students. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. Children, keep quiet please.,这本书是有关美国历史的书。 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 他失业了。 树叶已经变黄了。 这个报告听起来很有意思。 This book is about the his

40、tory of the United States. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. He is out of work. (思考He lost his job.什么句型?) The leaves have turned yellow. The report sounds interesting.,基本句型 四 + +IO +(主谓间宾直宾),此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(多指物),另一个是动作的间接宾语(多指人)。 若要先说出直接宾语,后说间接宾语,则要借助与介

41、词to 或for。 He bought me a beautiful skirt. He bought a beautiful skirt for me.,4.S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构,在此句式中,V是带双宾语的及物动词。 常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get等。eg: He gave me a book. (he 是主语,gave是谓语动词,是give 的过去式,me是间宾,a book是直宾) = He gave a book to me 译:他给我一本书。,用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着

42、,向着,对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有: (需借助 to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等 (需借助for的)buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing等。,翻译练习:1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给

43、我好吗? 5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了,1. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. This term I have written three

44、letters to my parents.,7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 9. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗? 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗? 11. 新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,7. My father has bought me a new bike. 8. Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 9. Will you please get me a new copy? 10. Shall I call you a taxi? 11. The new machine will sa

45、ve you a lot of labour。,基本句型 五 + + +(主谓宾宾补),此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外,还需跟一个补充成分来不足宾语,才能使意思完整。,5.S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构,说明: 此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。 宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有,名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词。如, The sun keeps us warm. Adj. I heard him

46、singing. V-ing分词 You must get your hair cut. V-ed分词 We made him our team leader. 名词 He often asks his son to do some housework. 不定式,特别提醒1: A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间 是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与 过去分词之间是被动关系。,We saw the thief caught by the police.,People found the water polluted.,I heard the girl singing in t

47、he classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.,I often hear this song sung in the street.,特别提醒2: 一些表示“使,让,令”一类的动词如 let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),keep(使得,让), 以及一些跟感官有关的动词如see(看),hear(听到), watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen t

48、o (倾听),observe(观察,看到),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等常接复合宾语结构。若动词后的宾语补足语为不定式时, 常常省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时, 则要带”to”. e.g Mr Li made us clean the blackboard yesterday. (被动)We were made to clean the blackboard yesterday. We often hear her sing next door. (被动)She is often heard to sing next door.,特别提醒3: 英语中常用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,是英语常用句型。,即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如, I found it (was)very pleasant to be with your family.,

本站链接:文库   一言   我酷   合作


客服QQ:2549714901微博号:道客多多官方知乎号:道客多多

经营许可证编号: 粤ICP备2021046453号世界地图

道客多多©版权所有2020-2025营业执照举报