1、,History of Israel,Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews-the Hebrews-wandered through the deserts of Middle East. They were travelling merchants, moving from one trading post to the next. And that was how they came to be called “Hebrews”, which means “wanders”. About 1300B.C.,the Hebrews cam
2、e to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms. Their history was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament, which still later become the first part of the Christian Bible.
3、,Around 1300B.C. when the Israel was dominated by Egypt, Moses, the famous Hebrew leader, went to see the pharaoh of Egypt, telling him that Yahweh wanted the pharaoh to end Hebrew slavery and let the Hebrews leave Egypt. With this began the Exodus, which lasted forty years.,The forty years in the w
4、ilderness in and around the desert made the Hebrews tough and strong , welding them into a great nation. When the wandering tribes left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai(西奈）,Moses climbed to the to mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments(摩西十诫）.
5、 And the Ten Commandments are the unbreakable contractual relationship between God and the Israeli, which marks the formation of Judaism.,First . I am the Lord thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. Thou shalt have none other gods before me.我是耶和华你的上帝，曾将你从埃及地
6、为奴之家领出来，除了我之外，你不可有别的神Second. Thou shalt not make thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath ,or that is in the waters beneath the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy God am a jealous Go
7、d, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me , and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.不可为自己雕刻偶像，也不可做什么形象仿佛上天、下地，和地底下、水中的百物。不可跪拜那些像，也不可事奉它，因为我耶和华你的上帝是忌邪的上帝。恨我的，我必追讨他的罪，自父及子，直到三四代；爱我、守我戒命的，我必
8、向他们发慈爱，直到千代,Third. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.不可妄称耶和华你上帝的名；因为妄称耶和华名的，耶和华必不以他为无罪Fourth . Keep the Sabbath day to sanctuary as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee. Six day thou shalt labour, and do al
9、l thy work: but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou ,nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as th
10、ou. And remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the Lord thy God brought thee out thence through a mighty hand and by a stretched out arm:therefore the Lord thy God commanded thee to keep the Sabbath day .当记念安息日，守为圣日。六日要劳碌做你的工，但第七日是向耶和华你上帝当守的安息日。这一日你和你的儿女、仆婢、牲畜，并你城里寄居的客旅，无论何
11、工都不可做；因为六日之内，耶和华造天、地、海，和其中的万物，第七日便安息，所以耶和华赐福与安息日，定为圣日,Fifth . Honor thy father and thy mother, as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee; that thy days may be prolonged, and that it may go well with thee, in the land which the Lord thy God given tee.孝敬父母，使你的日子在耶和华你上帝所赐你的土地上得以长久Sixth. Thou shalt not ki
12、ll.不可杀人Seventh. Neither shalt thou commit adultery.不可奸淫Eighth. Neither shalt thou steal.不可偷盗Ninth . Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbor.不可做假见证陷害人Tenth. Neither shalt thou desire thy neighbors house, his field, or his manservant, his ox, or his ass, or any thing that is thy nei
13、ghbors不可贪恋人的房屋；也不可贪恋人的妻子、仆婢、牛驴，并他一切所有的,After Moses death, under the leadership of Joshua, the Israeli conquered all ethnic of Canaan and went into the promised land. And divide Israel into twelve tribes(十二支派）。 Today, modern-day Jews are descended from only a few of these Tribes.,Judges era(士师时代）,Aft
14、er Joshuas death, Israel went into the Judges era, and established their permanent abode. But they failed to settle down. They was threatened by both domestic trouble and foreign invasions.,The Israeli United Kingdom(以色列统一王国）,About 1030 years ago, the judges era turned into United Kingdom. And there
15、 were three kings: Saul, David, and Solomon. Then the Israel was divided into two parts: the Western which consists of ten tribes formed the Israel. The East which consists of two tribes formed the kingdom of Judah.,722 B.C. ago, the Israel was wiped out by Assyria(亚述国）In 586 BCE King Nebuchadnezzar
16、 II of Babylon conquered Judah. According to the Hebrew Bible, he destroyed Solomons Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylon. In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon and took over its empire. Cyrus issued a proclamation granting subjugated nations (including the people of Judah)religious freedom . According to the Hebrew Bible 50,000 Judeans, returned to Judah and rebuilt the temple. A second group of 5,000,returned to Judah in 456 BCE although non-Jews wrote to Cyrus to try to prevent their return.,Thank you !,
