1、笔记符号,state, kingdom, country, nation, national, federal,city, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipal,village, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas,右上角：人 右下角：地方、地名、机构,一. 图形符号,citizen, urban residents / inhabitants,famer, peasant, rancher, agriculturist,领导，监督; 顶点，顶级，最 lea
2、d, supervise, head, peak, top, supreme, utmost, maximum, climax,universal, worldwide, international, transnational, global, transcontinental, all over the world, across boundaries,多国，其他国家 other countries,国民经济 national economy,domestic, native, internal, interior, at home,foreign, overseas, abroad, a
3、lien, exotic, out of the country, beyond seas, in the foreign land,in and out of the country, at home and abroad,进口 import,出口 export,进出口 import & export,飞行员 pilot,飞机场 airport,中国人 Chinese people,经济实体 economic entity,金融机构 financial institution,boss, leader, chairman, ruler, chief, manager, president,
4、majesty, governor, director, supervisor, monitor,国家领导人，政府首脑 state leader,广场 square, plaze,宏观调控，macro-control,首都 capital city,重要 important, significant, key, critical, crucial, essential, vital, eventful, principal, core, of great importance/ significance/ consequence,3. 主要 main, chief, primary, majo
5、r, dominant, overwhelming,4. 精彩 wonderful, terrific, splendid, fantastic, marvelous,2. 杰出 great, well-known, outstanding, remarkable, excellent, perfect, brilliant, distinguished, notable, eminent, promising, prominent, prestigious, glorious, noteworthy,5. 强调 emphasize, focus, underline, underscore
6、stress, highlight, spotlight, accentuate focus on, lay emphasis/stress on attach importance to, pay attention to,the most important,特点，特色，特征 mark, feature, character, symbol, sign, characteristic, speciality peculiarity, attribute,2. 代表 represent, symbolize, typify, stand for, on behalf of,整体，全部，总共
7、whole, all, total, entire, complete, overall general, universal, integral, gross, intact,on the whole, all in all,2. 团结，统一，团聚 united, unification, gather, get together,所有国家,所有人，人民群众,主权和领土完整 sovereignty and territorial integrity,会议 meeting, forum, session, seminar, conference, symposium, committee, a
8、ssociation, parliament, council,峰会 summit (meeting),关联 link to, connect with, relate to, associate with,2. 替代 replace, displace, supplant, substitute instead of, take the place of,交流，交换 exchange, interact, communicate,2. 关系 interaction, relation, relationship partnership,双边关系，bilateral relationship,
9、多边关系，multilateral relationship,举杯，协议 toast, agreement, treaty, contract Convention, revolution,双边协议，bilateral agreement,多边协议，multilateral agreement,发展，develop, development,发达的，developed,发展中的，developing,开始 begin, start, initiate, open, originate, launch, pioneer commence, inaugurate,2. 形成，产生，出现 estab
10、lish, found, create, appear, emerge, occur, come out, break out, come into being / existence,3. 医疗卫生 Red Cross, hospital, medical care medical institution,禁止，结束 end, conclude, complete, cease, stop, close, terminate, expire, halt, over, pause, turn off, switch off, break up make an end of, bring to
11、an end, bring to a conclusion,道路，方法 method, way, road, means, measure approach, manner, access, route, course mode, by means of, by way of,歪曲 twist, distortion of fact,2. 困难，挫折 difficulty, hardship, trouble, painful, tough, frustration, setback,远 far away,近 near, close,台阶，进步 step by step, progress,
12、advance make progress,过去， 历史 in the past, history,昨天 yesterday,上个月 last month,去年 last year,前所未有的，unprecedented,很久以前，long before,未来，将要, in the future,改变，变化 change, transform,果实，成果 fruit, result, accomplishment achievement,（使）消失，废除 delete, exclude, dismiss, erase disappear, vanish, extinct, remove abo
13、lish, get rid of, wipe out,2. 破坏，推翻，剥夺 destroy, ruin, collapse, overthrow demolish, deprive,4. 倒闭，下岗 bankrupt, lay off, resign, retire,5. 死亡，已故的 kill, murder, die, pass away, the late,6. 解决，达到，实现 overcome, settle, solve, address, realize, achieve, accomplish, fulfill,3. 抛弃 abandon, desert, discard,二
14、. 人体行为符号,smile, happy, glad, pleased, excited in a good mood,unhappy, sad, unsatisfied, angry, in a bad mood,Q,1. 说 tell, state, announce, express, claim, address, declare, argue, vow, explain, Introduce, report,2. 评论 comment, remark, evaluate appraise, review,开罗宣言，Cairo Manifesto,赞扬 speak highly of
15、, praise,批评 criticize,众说纷纭，若干说法 various opinions,改革开放 reform and opening up,爱，关心 love, concern, care about,吓唬，威胁 scare, threaten,1. 听, listen to 2. 开放, be open to,:,看 observe, view, glance, stare, notice glimpse, scan, skim, witness, gaze,2. 想 think, consider, regard, conceive ponder, suppose, imagi
16、ne, meditate speculate, contemplate,3. 揭示，显示 show, suggest, indicate, reveal, discover, reflect,1. 来 come 2. 收到 receive 3. 需要，缺少 need, require, want, be short of, 4. 邀请，应邀 invite, on invitation,愿意接受 accept with pleasure,1. 卖 sell 2. 获利 make a profit,去，到 go引起，导致 result in, lead to,1. 买 buy 2. 投资 inve
17、st,增加；上升；完善；繁荣 increase, heighten, enhance, grow, liftsoar, rise, raise, elevate, ascend flourish, advance, update, improve prosperity, boost, give boost to, go up,减少，降低，贬值 decrease, decline, reduce, descend diminish, fall, drop, sink, lower relieve, weaken, lessen, deteriorate devalue, degrade, dep
18、reciate, discount go down, fall off,1. 很，非常 deeply, very, quite, awfully,2. 深远的 profound, far-reaching,推动，促进，有助于 promote, strengthen, encourage stimulate, facilitate, reinforce strive, push, urge, stir, force accelerate, drive, prompt, propel give impetus to, carry forward,阻碍，推迟 obstacle, postpone,
19、delay, restrainwithdraw, discourage, curb, hamper hinder, barrier, bar, encumber, put off stand in ones way, hold back, draw back,冲突，矛盾，分歧，争议 conflict, contradiction difference, dispute,越来越 increasing, growing, more and more,越来越大 bigger and bigger,越来越多 more and more,压力，影响 pressure, burden, load, str
20、ess, impact, influence, effect, affect exert influence on, have effect on,迄今为止 so far, up to now, till now,四. 标点符号,多 numerous, countless, enormous abundant, various, mass, uncountable innumerable, considerable, substantial a series of,2. 持续，继续，一直 last, continue, remain, maintain persist, still, cont
21、inuous everlasting, eternal, permanent, constant, frequent, always, endless, all along, keep on, go on,3. 信息点的弱化,4. 信息的省略 and so on,在某种程度上 to some degree,不那么重要 not so important,1. 危险，警告，当心 dangerous, hazardous, jeopardy warning, alarming, alert in danger, watch out,2. 加强语气：务必，一定，当然 sure, certainly,
22、of course,老实说，说实在的to be frank, to tell you the truth,问题，疑问 question, problem, perplexity, issue, puzzle, mystery, ask, inquiry, query interrogate, confused, bewildered,2. 所有疑问句以“？”开头来记录,百分比，percent,“ ”, ,引用（理论，名言等）,邓小平理论 Dengxiaoping theories,红楼梦A Dream in Red MansionsThe Stroy of the Stone,书,由组成，包括
23、，容纳 contain, comprise, cover, include enclose, involve, embrace, be made up of, consist of, ,用于记录状语,五. 数学符号,因为，由于，幸亏 because, due to, thanks to,所以，因此，结果是 so, therefore, that is why consequently,和，另外，多 plus, and, add, more than, besides, moreover, in addition,另外五十 another fifty,五十多 more than fifty,更少
24、 fewer,减去，负增长minus,除了 except,相同，一致 the same as 公平 fair, equal, justice 比作 compareto 符合 be consistent withbe in agreement withcomply with,不赞同，不平等，有差距，不符合 disagree, unfair, difference, disparity,不符合事实 not comply with the fact,大约，大概 about, almost, nearly,等于说，也就是说 that is to say, in other words,1. 大于，超过
25、 surpass, exceed, more than superior to,2. 供过于求 supply exceeds demand,过热 overheated,少于，低于 less than, inferior to,2. 供不应求 demand exceeds supply,总和 sum,属于 belong to,错的，不好的，负面的 wrong, mistake, fault, bad, negative notorious,2. 否决 veto,不称霸 not seek hegemony,对的，好的，积极的 correct, good, positive, affirmative
26、,2. 支持，善于，有利于 support, be good at, in the interest of,3. 认可，批准 endorse, ratify, confirm, approve,文,中,立,六. 中文,文化，文学，文明 culture, literature, civilization,中国 Peoples Republic of China,立场，position,(一）中文字,力,儿,大,力量，能力，权力 power, strength, force, ability, capability,儿童 , children,big, huge, great, vast, gia
27、nt tremendous, immense, spacious, extensive, massive, capacious,市,市场，market,（二）偏旁部首,学习 study, learn,家 family, home,快，迅速 soon, rapid, swift, speedy quick, prompt,组织 organize, structure, tissue,建设 build, construct,措施 measure,饭，食物 meal, rice food,餐馆，饭店 restaurant,疾病 illness, disease, ailment, sick,病人 p
28、atient,军事，军队 military, army, troop,管理 management, administration,健康 health,fu,(三) 拼音字母,感谢 thank, appreciate,称霸，霸权主义 hegemony, seek hegemony,贡献 contribution,腐败 corruption,七. 谐音,仅仅 just, merely, only, nothing more than,not only,环境 environment, surroundings, setting circumstance, condition, background,
29、八 化学符号,Fe,铁 ferrum, iron,铁路 railway,九 生物,女性 woman, female,男性 man, male,十 地图标识,学校,教育,十一 英文,（一） 英文字母,b,c,d,但是 but, however, nevertheless 相信 believe, trust,世纪 century,日子，今天 day, today,e,f,g,h,经济 economy,金融 finance,政府 government,1. 希望 hope,2. 小时，hour,I,m,M,我 I, me,1. 月 month,2. 分钟 minute,管理 management,n
30、,多 many, much, multi-,p,1. 政治，政党，政权，政策 politics, party, power, policy,2. 部门 department, section, ministry,外交部 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,生产，产品 produce, manufacture, product,r,R,改革 reform,1. 权利 right 2. 公路 road,高速公路 expressway,s,1. 科学 science,2. 社会 society,3. 自从 since,社会主义 socialism,从那以后 from th
31、en on,t,R&D,时间,倍 time 想，认为 think,技术 technology,科技 science and technology,高科技 high-tech,研发 research and development,u,v,w,y,你 you,胜利，成功 win, success, victory, triumph,我们 we,年 year,（二）英文小写缩略,al,co,虽然，尽管，即使 although, though, despite in despite of, even if, even though,商业 business, commerce,公司 company,
32、corporation, firm,com,社团 community,财政 fiscal,教育 education,例如 for example, for instance,ins,info,infra,保险 insurance,信息 information, message,基础设施 infrastructure,邀请 invitation,nu,核的 nuclear,消息 news,贸易 trade,旅游 travel, tour, journey,税 tax,gym,grad,doc,demo,利用 use, utilize, make use of,体育馆 gymnasium,毕业生
33、graduates,医生，博士 doctor,演示 demonstrate,en,经验，经历 experience,效率 effective, efficiency,尽快 as soon as impossible,请 please,能源 energy,（三）英文大写缩略,CPC,SOE,PC,中国共产党 Communist Party of China,国有企业 state-owned enterprise,1. 个人电脑 personal computer,2. 记者招待会 press conference,DPRK,ROK,亚太地区 Asia-Pacific region,朝鲜 Demo
34、cratic Peoples Republic of Korea,韩国 Republic of Korea,LR,JC,JV,HR,劳动力资源 labor resources,联合公报 Joint Communique,合资企业 Joint Venture,人权 human right 人力资源 human resources,PE,SME,SEZ,OK,批准，认可 ratify, authorize,计划经济 Planned Economy,社会主义市场经济 Socialist Market Economy,经济特区 Special Economic Zone,组织缩略&国家地区缩略,UN,
35、联合国 United Nations,UNESCO,GATT,联合国教科文组织 United Nations Economic, Scientific, and Cultural Organization,关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,APEC,OPEC,EU,WTO,世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization,亚太经合组织 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,石油输出国家组织 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries,欧盟
36、European Union,IMF,Am,US,UK,国际货币基金组织 International Monetary Fund,美国 America, the United States,英国 the United Kingdom,HK,TW,Kr,朝鲜，韩国 Korea,香港 Hongkong,台湾 Taiwan,日本 Japan,BJ,SH,SZ,CS,北京 Beijing,上海 Shanghai,深圳 Shenzhen,长沙 Changsha,（四）单词,spy,new,（五）音标,1. 行动 act, action, activity,2. 计划，方案，项目 program, pro
37、ject,十二 货币符号,￥,1. 美元 dollars,2. 钱 money,1. 人民币 RMB,2. 利益 interest, profit,英镑 pound,十三 其它符号,这，现在，现行，当前 this, now, here, existing, modern current, nowadays, contemporary at present,2. 基础 basis, basic, foundation, fundamental,3. 稳定 stability,现行政策,本届政府,和平与稳定,保障，坚持，维护 ensure, guarantee, safeguard insist on, maintenance,千 thousand,一千 one thousand,十四 关联词/路标词,虽然但是,因为所以,不是而是,不但而且,if,I/b,I/h,I/t,I/exp,I/est,如果 if, provided that,我相信 I believe,我希望 I hope,我认为 I think,我期待 I expect,我估计 I estimate,
