1、1第二节 影响化学反应速率的因素巩固练习1、在一个密闭、恒容的容器中进行下列反应：4NH 3（g） + 5O2（g） 4NO（g）+6H 2O（g）在一定的条件下达到平衡，现向反应容器中通入少量的氯化氢气体，产生的结果是( )A.容器内压强增大 B.原平衡不受影响 C.正反应速率增大 D.NO 浓度降低2、对于在一定条件下进行的化学反应：2SO 2+O2 2SO3，改变下列条件，可以提高反应物中活化分子百分数的是 （ ）A、增大压强 B、升高温度 C、加入催化剂 D、减小反应物浓度3、 在锌与某浓度的盐酸起反应的实验中，一个学生得到下面的结果：序号 锌的质量/g 锌的形状 温度/ 完全溶于水的
2、时间/sA 2 薄片 5 400B 2 薄片 15 200C 2 薄片 25 100D 2 薄片 30 t1E 2 薄片 35 50F 2 颗粒 15 t2G 2 粉末 15 t3则下列说法正确的是 （ ）t 1=75s t 22 00t3 单位时间内消耗的锌的质量 mGmFmBA、 B、 C、只有 D、全部正确4、将 4 mol A 气体和 2 mol B 气体在 2 L 的容器中混合并在一定条件下发生如下反应：2A(g)+B(g)2C(g)。若经 2 s 后测得 C 的浓度为 0.6 molL-1，现有下列几种说法：用物质 A 表示的反应平均速率为 0.3 molL-1s-1用物质 B 表
3、示的反应的平均速率为 0.6 molL-1s-12 s 时物质 A 的转化率为 70% 2 s 时物质 B 的浓度为 0.7 molL-1其中正确的是（ ）A B C D5、从下列实验事实所引出的相应结论正确的是（ ）选项 实验事实 结论A其他条件相同，Na 2S2O3 溶液浓度越大，析出硫沉淀所需时间越短当其他条件不变时，增大反应物浓度化学反应速率加快B在化学反应前后，催化剂的质量和化学性质都没有发生改变催化剂一定不参与化学反应CH+浓度相同的盐酸和醋酸分别与等质量的形状相同的锌粒反应反应开始速率相同D在容积可变的密闭容器中发生反应 H2（g）+I2（g） 2HI（ g） ，把容积缩小一倍正
4、反应速率加快，逆反应速率不变26、在一体积不变 的密闭容器中发生如下化学反应 ：2A(g) B B(g)C(g)。当物质 A 的起始浓度为 1.0 molL1 、物质 B、C 的起始浓度为 0 时，物质 A 的浓度、转化率以及物质 B 的浓度随反应时间的变化如下列各图所示：则下列有关说法中正确的是（ ）A条件 I、条件 II 时的反应温度不同，压强相同B条件 I 时可能未使用催化剂，条件 II 时可能使用了催化剂C条件 III 时的平衡混合物中，物质 C 的浓度等于 0.6 molL1D条件 IV 和条件 II 相比较，条件 IV 时可能缩小了容器体积7、合成氨工业对国民经济和社会发展具有重要
5、的意义。对于密闭容器中的反应：N 2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) H0，673 K，30 M Pa 下 n(NH3)和 n(H2)随时间变化的关系如下图所示。下列叙述正确的是（ ）A点 a 的正反应速率比点 b 的大B点 c 处反应达到平衡C点 d(t1 时刻 )和点 e(t2 时刻) 处 n(N2)不一样D其他条件不变，773 K 下反应至 t1 时刻，n(H 2)比上图中 d 点的值大8、把石灰石浸入盐酸中，下列措施能使反应速率增大的是 （ ）A、加大盐酸用量 B、增大盐酸浓度C、粉碎石灰石 D、增大体系压强9、用铁片与稀硫酸反应制取氢气时，下列措施不能使氢气生成速率加快的是 （ ）
6、、加热 、将稀硫酸改为的浓硫酸、滴加少量硫酸铜溶液 、不用铁片，改用铁粉10.和都是汽车尾气里的有毒气体，他们之间能缓慢反应生成 和 ， ，对于该反应的下列图 I：在条件 I 时的反应情况图：在条件时的反应情况图 III：在条件 III 时的反应情况图：在条件时的反应情况0.2460.81 c(A)mol/L13045t(s)0.260.81 c(A)mol/L13045t(s)0.2460.81 的转 化 率 13045t(s)0.260.81 c()mol/L13045t(s)nabcdeNH32t1t2t03说法中正确的时 （ ）、降低压强能增大反应速率 、使用适当催化剂增大反应速率、升
7、高温度能增大反应速率 、增大压强 对该反应速率无影响11. 等质量的铁与过量的盐酸在不同的实验条件下进行反应，测定在不同时间 t 产生氢气体积 V 的数据，根据数据绘制得下图，则曲线 a、b、c、d 所对应的实验组别可能是( )组别 c(HCl)(mol/L) 温度() 状态1 2.0 25 块状2 2.5 30 块状3 2. 5 50 粉末状4 2.5 30 粉末状A.4321 B1234 C3421 D124312.二氧化氮在加热条件下能够分解成一氧化氮和氧气。该反应进行到 45s 时，达到平衡（NO 2 浓度约为 0.0125molL-1） 。右图中的曲线表示二氧化氮分解反应在前 20s
8、 内的反应进程。（1 ）请计算前 25s 内氧气的平均生成速度。（2 ）若反应延续至 70s，请在右图中用实线画出 25s 至 70s 的反应进程曲线。（3 ）若反应开始时加入催化剂（其他条件都不变）请在图上用虚线画出加入催化剂后的反应进程曲线。13.在溶液中进行某化学反应 2A B + D 在四种不同条件下进行，B、D 起始浓度为零，反应物 A 的浓度（mol/L）随反应时间（min ）的变化情况如下表 ：根据上述数据，完成下列填空：（1 ）在实验 1，反应在 10 至 20 分钟时间内平均速率（V A）为 mol/（Lmin ） 。（2 ）在实验 2，A 的初始浓度 C2= mol/L，反
9、应经 20 分钟就达到平衡，可推测实验 2 中还隐含的条件是 。（3 ）设实验 3 的反应速率为 v3，实验 1 的反应速率为 v1，则 v3 v1（填“ ”、 “ = ”、 “ ”、 “ = ”、 “ 44.0 s D数据不足，无法判断(4)通过分析比较上表数据，得到的结论是_。5第二节 影响化学反应速率的因素同步测试答案一、选择题1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、C 9、B 10、 C 二、填空题1、 （ 1） 5.510-4molL-1s-1；（2）图中实线；（3）图中 虚线；2、 （ 1） 0.013；（2）1.0，使用催化剂；（3） ， ；（4）吸热，温度升高时，平衡向右
10、移动。本题有关化学反应速率、化学平衡的图表分析，主要是考查对表中所隐含信息的观察能力。对于问题（1）只要从化学速率的定义出发，从表中找出反应在 10 至 20 分时间内的 A 浓度变化值，即可求出 A 的平均速率为(0.80molL -1- 0.67molL-1)/10min= 0.013molL-1min-1。对于问题（2）的解答，首先要从计算 800 该反应的平衡常数（K = 1）入手，查出实验 2 中 A 的平衡浓度，代入有关平衡表达式即可求出 B、C 的平衡浓度，进而得出 A 的初始浓度。比较实验（1） 、 （2）的条件，温度、浓度相同，达到平衡的时间不相同，从中推测出实验 2 中还存
11、在着催化剂这一隐含条件。对于问题（3）的解答，也要以 K = 1 入手，求算出 40min 后 B、C 的平衡浓度为 0.6molL-1，进而求出 A 的初始浓度为 1.3molL-1；然后根据浓度越大，反应速率也越大，得出 3 大于 1 的结论。对于问题（4）的解答，亦是根据观察表格中的数据入手，实验 1 到实验 4 属温度升高，A 的平衡浓度减小，说明平衡向着正反应方向移动，该方向为吸热反应。3、 （ 1）放热； 需要； -(E 1 - E2) kJmol-1（2）409 kJmol -1； （3）使用了催化剂。6（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for
12、 implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regul
13、ations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as “negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the part
14、y organizations and Party members do not touch the“ bottom line “. Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental prin
15、ciples of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two 7regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revis
16、ed history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole
17、party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on t
18、he problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years compr
19、ehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administer
20、ing the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, “eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to“ hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonom
21、y requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to “clean“ the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of coun
22、ty-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive
23、 strictly administering the practice 9needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority
24、 of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, r
25、eally put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China atta
26、ches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commissi
27、on for Discipline Inspection from 2014 10under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the
28、direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs DepartmentThe first party committee is main
29、ly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (au
30、tonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspec
31、tion of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful 11study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On
32、October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys
33、eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on t
34、he current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party 12consciousness, mainta
35、ining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that “no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary
36、 Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules.“ the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the p
37、arty constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations gove
38、rning the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue “de“, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the “self-discipline“, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the “vital few“, emphasized self-13d
39、iscipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a “negative list“, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the
40、 strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the pr
41、esent stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provis
42、ions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key
43、 problems (a) adhere to 14according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specification
44、s, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the “self-discipline“, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, “eight prohi
45、bition“ 52 are not allowed to “about the content of the“ negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required.
46、The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since
47、the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party 15members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-disc
48、ipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as “four must“ “eight code“. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as “four must“ the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards r
