1、IELTS WRITING,Welcome to IELTS WRITING class!,若要花解语， 倾国城。花下死，做鬼也风流。,IELTS WRITING,张牡丹,Teaching Plan,Lesson One: 雅思写作简介+评分标准+写作步骤+如何写作首段Lesson Two: 分论点的思维方法Lesson Three: 段落间的连接关系+如何写中间段+如何写末段Lesson Four: 雅思题型+话题分析 Lesson Five: 小作文1Lesson Six: 小作文2,5.23,5.51,各科均分（中国大陆A类考生）,5.53,5.80,5.39,5.47,writing,
2、reading,speaking,listening,中国考生的雅思考试成绩,资料提供: www.ielts.org,IELTS WRITING,雅思写作中中国考生所存在的主要问题：词汇匮乏，表达单一，词不达意 语法基础差，文章多语法错误 中国式的英语。 If you don not think clearly, you will not write clearly.知识面窄，思路不开阔 缺乏必要的英文写作技巧，如段落的展开方式以及作文的组织结构等。HOW?WHAT?,Genarl Introduction,雅思议论文考查什么能力？,根据题目要求做出描述、进行论述或表明态度。 不仅考查写作能力
3、，同时也考查考生的思维和论证能力。,IELTS WRITING：TASK II,Task II: less than or equals to 40 minutes and more than 250 words 一. TR（Task Response任务反应情况）二. CC（Coherence& Cohension连贯和衔接）三. LR（Lexical Resources词汇资源）四. GR&A（Grammatical Range& Accuracy语法 范围和精确度）,英文写作的特点：(第一条评分标准）points and supporting pointsIn writing, any
4、idea that you advance must be supported with specific reasons or details.,WRITING,中英文修辞大不同,circular 迂迴 Chinese Rhetoric,枝状 线状 English Rhetoric,具体讲：英语的布局谋篇原则通常为：从一般到 具体、从概括到举例，从观点到案例再到数据支持。,IELTS WRITING：TASK II,任务反应易犯错误：总论点跑题（正评价，负评价，既有正评价又有负评价） 2. 分论点没有论证 3. 分论点的论据不够充分 4. 语言太绝对,IELTS WRITING：TASK I
5、I,总论点What is your opinion about nuclear technologies?,IELTS WRITING：TASK II,1.总论点跑题要求论述在某一限定范围内的话题。题干必须从头到尾，词词读完。Some people say that it is not right for the government to spend so much money on artistic projects such as art galleries and sculptures. Do you agree or disagree?Some people think that i
6、t is necessary to punish children in order to teach them the difference between right and wrong. Dou you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer. If you agree, what kind of punishiment do you think should be given to children by parents and teachers? Give reasons for your answer.,IELTS WRITI
7、NG：TASK II,一个段落围绕一个观点来写， 而且一个段落的段末不许出现新的观点。更重要的是，文章的最后一段一般不许出现新的观点。一般由重申论点和补充说明构成。,IELTS WRITING：TASK II,3. 分论点的论据不够充分3.1 论据不充分：文化差异3.2 论据出处3.3 论据不符合事实，建议：practical & cost- effective3.4 论据以偏概全,IELTS WRITING：TASK II,4. 语言太绝对4.1 表达总论点的时候，一般适宜表达某个事件的好处超过坏处，或是坏处超过好处，而不是这个事件只有好处或是坏处。（多使用副词）4.2 表达分论点的时候也需
8、要恰到好处。The capital punishment can not be replaced by any other punishments. It cannot be replaced by anything, today or future.,IELTS WRITING：TASK II,二. CC（Coherence& Cohension连贯和衔接）关联词分为三种：段间，句间，和句内关联词。段间：写作流程中介绍句内关联词： 主要用于句子扩展句间关联词：1.表转折：however, nevertheless2.表递进：in addition, moreover, furthermore
9、3.表因果：therefore, hence, thus, consequently,IELTS WRITING：TASK II,三. LR（Lexical Resources词汇资源）正式，准确，多样四. GR&A（Grammatical Range& Accuracy语法范围和精确度）准确，多样，时态，简单句+复杂句,四大问题,注意!,Requirements,认真阅读历年真题 对应相应不太会写的内容做提纲训练 写作文后自己修改（语法，词汇）-先质后量 4. 教师批改后自己再次修改 5. 在复习时候，应该针对话题然后按照题型训练,雅思写作的训练方法（1）精读 （2）互译 （3）改写 何为模
10、板？,WRITING,有用网站,1.http:/ 2. http:/ 3.http:/ 针对社会热点话题的专家观点 4. http:/ 提供大量不同领域的文章 5. http:/www.idebate.org/,IELTS WRITING：TASK II,低于Band 5的六种技术情况：1. 没有完成写作任务 2. 格式错误 3. 字迹模糊，难以辨认 4. Task 1和Task 2写反 5. 攻击考官,不能缩写 不能格式混乱 不能使用口语化词语 不能英式英语美式英语混用while 的用法 字迹模糊，难以辨认Task 1和Task 2写反 题型判断错误,学生常问的问题,1. 怎样才能得高分？
11、2. 分数是怎样得出来的？ 3. 没有观点，不知道怎么展开怎么办？如何训练？ 4. 得分点的分布？ 5. 常考话题有哪些？,IELTS WRITING,构思-Brainstorming 分析1： Children now watch more television than at any time in the past. Write an essay for a university lecturer considering its potential risks and benefits. For:gain knowledgeobtain informationwiden(broaden,
12、 expand) their vision/horizonswatch it for relaxation. important educational tool.,IELTS WRITING,Against:Physical:weaken childrens eyesight/ do harm to / impair couch potatoPatient grow thin / switch the channelStudy: 1. waste time 2. take up too much of childrens limited precious time which can oth
13、erwise be used for more valuable activities, such as sports or homework, and therefore result in poor academic performance. Students become addictive and they can not get themselves away from the negative influence of television.,IELTS WRITING,Mind: Alienate/distance their relationship with families
14、 adult only programs Confuse/ puzzle children Mislead: violence/sexually appealing things,IELTS WRITING,审题构思,IELTS WRITING,审题1）人们现在工作压力越来越大，说说这种现象产生的原因及提出解决这一问题的建议.2） Many people think that nowadays people are being subjected to more and more pressure in their work, and thus are having less and less
15、 time to relax. What is your opinion?,IELTS WRITING,3） 最近一项调查表明青少年每周花14小时看电视，而和家庭成员在一起的是时间只有6小时。有人认为这会对他们和其他家庭成员间的关系造成不良的影响。你是否同意这一观点。4）有些父母几乎不和孩子呆在一起，他们让孩子独自安静的看电视。为什么会出现这样的现象，这种现象会导致什么样的后果？,IELTS WRITING,Brainstorming 分析2：Boarding school:For：1. Cultivate the spirit of independence, look after them
16、selves.2. Communicate with their peers, learn to cooperate and tolerate, develop a sense of team work and collectivism.3. Less likely to be spoiled,IELTS WRITING,1. Lack of adequate communication and emotional exchange with parents, thus widening the generation gap. 2. Bad for physical development 3
17、. Psychological health: homesick, lonely 4. Prone to negative influence 5. Expenditure/cost,Against:,1.充分利用原题信息改写实例,At present it is hard for college graduates to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such
18、 traditional ones as history and geography. What do you think?,At presentThese days, nowadays, at the present time, currently, in the contemporary society / world Hard Find it difficult to do, have difficulties in doing sth. College graduates College studentswhen they graduate,Manynumerous, a great
19、number of, countless Claimargue, contend, insist, maintain, proclaim, state, advocate, hold the view that, assert Give priority to prioritize, pay more / increasing attention to, lay more stress on, attach great importance to,改写后,These days there is a growing tendency for college students to have di
20、fficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. （事实引入）A large number of people hold the opinion that lack of practical knowledge, among other things, contributes to this situation. In light of this, they contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional one
21、s. For my part, I am in favor of their viewpoint.,现代社会At presentIn the contemporary / modern societyIn this information eraAs we are ushered into the information age,IELTS WRITING,提供大背景1. Recently, sth. has become a priority for sb. seeking to secure a bright future in this rapidly changing world.,I
22、ELTS WRITING,2. The issue of sb. doing sth. is a complex and sensitive one which has drawn attention from sb1. ,sb2, and sb3.,IELTS WRITING,3. There is a growing tendency for sb. to do sth.,3. Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyong our wildest
23、expectations. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis.,IELTS WRITING,Computer and library?,IELTS WRITING,IELTS WRITING,一.包含关系 1. among whichAA由很多后果（this phenomenon might have quite a few negative ef
24、fects）, among which B could be one of the most remarkable.A recent survey shows that teenagers spend 14 hours watching television programs each week, but only 6 hours with their family members. Some people claim that this has an unfavorable influence on the relationship between them and their family
25、 members. ,IELTS WRITING,A recent survey indicates young people in their teens spend the vast majority of their spare time watching TV rather than talking with other family members. This phenomenon might bring quite a few negative effects, among which the unfavorable influence on the family relation
26、ship could be one of the most remarkable.,IELTS WRITING,2:在问题解决引出主题的过程中，都可以套叠一个大范围小范围问题很多解决方案 among which could be one of the most remarkableIt is important for children to learn what is right and what is wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn the distinction. To what exte
27、nt do you agree, and what sort of punishment should be given?Children should be instilled what is right and what is wrong at an early age. There are quite a few ways to achieve this end, among which punishment is a very popular means.,The best way to improve environment is to increase the price of f
28、uel?,IELTS WRITING,二. 对等关系通过强对比引出主题：先写强对比的事物A，然后再写主题A,IELTS WRITING,1)WhereasWhat are your opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of “fast food” and “traditional food”? Some people hurry to fast food restaurant to save their time, whereas some others wait a relatively long time for traditio
29、nal food.,IELTS WRITING,Public transport or private cars?,IELTS WRITING,2)On the other handNowadays, there are two kinds of school: public and private. Recently, there is a growing tendency for students to enter private schools. On the other hand, some people still prefer to go to public schools.,Ge
30、neral knowledge or practical skills?,IELTS WRITING,三转折关系通过转折引出主题B but A1) should have however/ Admittedly howeverA report indicates that nowadays children are becoming more and more lazy; fat and unsociable. The social and economic development should have resulted in a happier life. However, (nowada
31、ys) recently more and more (increasingly more) parents are concerning their children have become lazy, fat and unsociable.,IELTS WRITING,2) It is universally acknowledged that(It goes without saying)howeverThe overuse of modern technologies in recreational activities have brought us (people) easier
32、ad more convenient life. However, to use them too often might result in the loss of creativity belonging to human beings.,IELTS WRITING:如何表明总论点,如何表明总论点：这一部分要表明自己的态度，一般来说总论点有三种态度,两种模式：1.两边倒 2. 一边倒,IELTS WRITING:如何表明总论点,1.两边倒 认为事情的好处和坏处一样多I am of the opinion that this new trend has both advantages and
33、 disadvantages. In fact, this new trend has both advantages and disadvantages.In fact, both types of schools are indispensable to society concerning the advantages and disadvantages of both of them.Merits/demerits; favorable/unfavorable effects; strength/weakness,IELTS WRITING,Nowadays, there are tw
34、o kinds of school: public and private. Discuss the merits of each.Recently, there is a growing tendency for students to enter private schools. On the other hand, some people still prefer to go to public school. In fact, both types of schools have advantages and disadvantages.whether we should believ
35、e in the news stories presented by journalists depends on the actual situation involved.,IELTS WRITING,2. 一边倒1） 正面表达自己的观点2) 好处比坏处多The advantages outweigh its disadvantages.Modernization is more a curse than a blessing for females. 3) 同意/不同意I am for/againstI find myself on ones side.I find myself in
36、virtually complete with如果同意，请再引出主题的最后一个主语后面加上as far as I am concerned; 如果不同意，请吧题干的观点写成别人的观点，然后进行让步和反驳。,IELTS WRITING,常用句型练习:我喜欢/认为/同意/赞同/支持According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer. rather thanIn my point of view, I like.much more than.As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on
37、the side of the latter view. In my opinion, the advantages of .are more than those of.To my mind, the advantages far outweigh the drawbacks.,IELTS WRITING,As far as I am concerned, this proposal seems a bit absurd and ridiculous.Personally, I hold thatI totally agree with this statement, and I will
38、explain why this is the case.I fully support/agree with the statement thatPersonally, I side with the former/latter opinion.Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.To be frank, I advocate the argument that,IELTS WRITING,我不同意/反对I would state my objection to this issue after analyzing th
39、e following three reasons.I can hardly share/consent to this proposal because it is so inconceivable and impractical.,IELTS WRITING,1.A recent survey indicates that young people in their teens spend the vast majority of their spare time watching TV rather than talking with other family members. This
40、 phenomenon might bring quite a few negative effects, among which the unfavorable influence on the family relationship could be one of the most remarkable. ,IELTS WRITING,同意：A recent survey indicates that young people in their teens spend the vast majority of their spare time watching TV rather than
41、 talking with other family members. This phenomenon might bring quite a few negative effects, among which the unfavorable influence on the family relationship, as far as I am concerned, could be one of the most remarkable concerning the following aspects (perspectives).,IELTS WRITING,不同意：Admittedly,
42、 TV has brought people colorful life by supporting them with better information in terms of quality and quantity. However, nowadays, young people in their teens spend the vast majority of their spare time watching TV rather than talking with other family members. Quite a few people insist that this
43、phenomenon might bring quite a few negative effects, among which the unfavorable influence on the family relationship could be one of the most remarkable. To some extent this may be true, but in practice watching TY for long time does not necessarily mean the aloof family relationship concerning the
44、 following aspects.,IELTS WRITING,2.Scientific and technological advances have improved our daily lives. However, in many fields scientists cannot solve the problem they have created themselves. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Give your reasons. -,IELTS WRITING,Admittedly, our daily live
45、s have been greatly improved by scientific and technological development. However, the problems created by scientist cannot be settled by themselves.同意：Admittedly, our daily lives have been greatly improved by scientific and technological development. However, the problems created by scientist, as f
46、ar as I am concerned, cannot be settled by themselves concerning the following aspects. 不同意：This may be true for those scientists in a single field, but now scientists in different areas are cooperating well aiming to solve all the problems confronted by people.,IELTS WRITING,3.The overuse of modern
47、 technologies in recreational activities makes human beings less creative. Do you agree or disagree?,IELTS WRITING,It is universally acknowledged that modern technologies in creational activities have brought us easier and more convenient life. However, to use them too often might result in the loss
48、 of creativity belonging to human beings. 同意：It is universally acknowledged that modern technologies in creational activities have brought us easier and more convenient life. However, to use them too often, as far as I am concerned, might result in the loss of creativity belonging to human beings. 不
49、同意：it is true that nowadays children are more inclined to be lazy and less creative. However (Nevertheless), the overuse of modern technologies, by nature, will not lead to loss of ingenuity concerning the following aspects.,IELTS WRITING,4.It is important for children to learn what is right and what is wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn the distinction. To what extent do you agree, and what sort of punishment should be given,
