1、Unit 5 First aid,知识归纳,1. _ n. 衣柜,temporary,bleed,choke,cupboard,知识清单,aid,ankle,(一) 基本单词,7. _ n. 皮；皮肤 8. _ n. 器官 9. _ n. 屏障；障碍(物) 10. _ n. 毒药; 毒害vt. 毒害; 使中毒 11. _ adj. 复杂的 12. _ n. 液体 13. _ n. 辐射；射线 14. _ n. 平底锅；盘子,skin,organ,barrier,poison,complex,liquid,radiation,pan,15. _ n. 炉子；火炉 16. _ n. (生物)组织；
2、薄的织物；手巾纸 17. _ n. (pl.) 剪刀 18. _ n. 盆; 盆地 19. _ vt. 生死攸关的,stove,tissue,scissors,basin,squeeze,vital,bandage,22. _ n. 症状; 征兆 23. _ n. (水)壶；罐 24. _ vt. 礼节 30. _ n. 咽喉；喉咙 31. _ n. 救护车,symptom,pour,ceremony,throat,kettle,wrist,damp,sleeve,blouse,ambulance,32. _ n. 损伤;伤害_ v. 损害;伤害 33. _ n. 变化; 多样(化); 多变(
3、性)_adj. 各种各样的 34. _ adj. 轻微的; 温和的; 温柔的_ adv. 轻微地; 温和地 35. _ vi. 隆起 _adj. 肿胀的,injury,injure,variety,various,mild,mildly,swell,swollen,(二) 派生单词,36. _ adj. 难以忍受的; 不能容忍的_v. 忍受; 容忍 37. _ adj. 牢的; 紧的; 紧密的_ adv. 紧地; 牢牢地 38. _ adj. (动作)稳定有力的;坚定的 _adv. 坚固地; 稳定地,unbearable,bear,tight,tightly,firm,firmly,39. _
4、 vt. 待遇 40. _ n. 勇敢；勇气_ adj. 勇敢的 v. 勇敢面对,treat,treatment,bravery,brave,41. _ vt. 涂; 敷; 搽; 应用; 运用vi. 申请; 请求; 使用; 有效_ n.申请人 _ n.申请(书) 42. _ n. 压力; 挤压; 压迫(感) _ v. 挤压; 压迫,pressure,press,apply,applicant,application,1. 病倒 _ 2. 急救_ 3. 榨出; 挤出 _ 4. 触电;电休克 _ 5. 品种繁多的; 种种的 _ 6. 反复; 多次 _ 7. 在适当的位置; 适当 _,fall il
5、l,first aid,squeeze out,electric shock,a variety of,over and over again,in place,(三) 短语,8. 许多; 若干_ 9. 找到 _ 10. 区别对待; 有影响; 起作用 _,a number of,put ones hands on,make a difference,1. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上, 否则都要把它脱掉(必要时可用剪刀帮助)。unless为从属连词,
6、引导条件状语从句, 意为“除非否则的话”, 相当于if . not .。,(四) 句式,2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在房间里学习, 突然听到一声尖叫。be doing.when. 正在做这时, when在此句中意为“这时, 突然”, 相当于at this/that time。,3. Theres no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life. 毫
7、无疑问, 是约翰敏捷的思维和在校学到的急救技术挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。There is no doubt that.是固定句型, 表示“毫无疑问”, 其中that引导的是同位语从句。,1. aid n. 资助课文原句： First aid 急救【归纳】 aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在某方面帮某人aid sb. with sth. 以某物帮助某人,核心要点,(一) 单 词,give/offer/carry out first aid 进行急救 go/come to ones aid 援助某人 with the aid of
8、sb. with ones aid 在某人的帮助下 in aid of 为帮助,aid 正式用词, 指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难, 着重强调对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。 assist 强调在提供帮助时, 以受助者为主, 所给的帮助起第二位或从属的作用。,aid / help / assist,help 最普通用词, 含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮助, 侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他方面的帮助。如:,She came to the gentlemans aid. 她来援助那位先生。 She assisted the hostess with preparing snacks. 她协助女主人
9、准备点心。 She helps with housework at home. 她在家时会帮忙做家务。,2. poison n. 毒药; 毒害 v. 毒害; 使中毒,课文原句： You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the suns harmful rays. 皮肤有三层, 它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。,【归纳】 take poison 服毒poison sb./sth. 毒害某人/某物 【拓展】 poisonous adj. 有毒的; 有害的be
10、 poisonous to 对有害/毒,3. squeeze vt. 挤,课文原句：For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad. 对于二度烧伤, 要保持湿布清凉, 需把湿布放回冷水盆中, 拧出水后再放在烧伤面上, 这样要反
11、反复复地做一个小时左右, 直到不太痛时为止。,【归纳】 squeeze out 榨出; 挤出squeeze.out of/from把从中榨出来squeeze in/into 挤进squeeze ones way 勉强通过; 挤过,4. vital adj. 至关重要的; 生死攸关的,课文原句： If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. 如果属于二度或三度烧伤, 就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。,【归纳】
12、 be vital to/for 对极为重要Its vital to do sth. 做某事极其重要,5. pour v. 倒; 灌; 注; 涌,课文原句： Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin. Sam把水泡弄破, 把从冰箱拿出的冰水倒在皮肤上。,【归纳】 pour into 涌入pour out 倾诉; 倾吐pour cold water over/on 对泼冷水pour sth. out to sb. 向倾诉,【运用】用pour的适当形式填空I was_ of the train
13、 together with other passengers, but it was _ cats and dogs outside. Seeing so many people _ the waiting hall, I felt this really _ cold water on my plan to attend my teachers birthday party on time.,pouring out,pouring,pouring into,poured,6. treat v. 处理,课文原句： John used these to treat the most sever
14、e injuries to Ms Slades hands. 约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。,【归纳】 treat sb. like/as sth. 把.当看待treat sth. seriously/carefully严肃/认真对待.treat sb. to sth. 招待某人.treat sb. for. 治疗某人(某处伤)treat oneself to. 吃.; 享受Its my treat. 我请客。,【拓展】 treatment n. 治疗; 疗法; 疗程; 对待; 处理,【运用】 用treat的适当形式填空 1) Hes receiving a _ for c
15、ancer. 2) The doctor successfully _ the wounded.,treatment,treated,7. apply vt. 应用; 运用; 涂; 搽vi. 申请; 请求; 使用,课文原句：He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他使劲地按住伤口, 使血流得慢些, 一直等到警察和救护车的到来。,【归纳】 apply oneself to.致力于; 集中精力做apply (to sb.) for sth.(向
16、)申请; 请求apply to (to为介词)适用于; 对有效apply.to. 把应用于;将涂/贴在上apply ones mind to 致力于;专心于,1. fall ill 病倒; 生病,(二) 短语,课文原句：First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救是在医生来之前, 给生病或受伤的人一种临时的帮助。,【拓展】 fall asleep 睡着; 入睡fall behind 落后;
17、输给别人fall apart 崩溃; 土崩瓦解fall back 后退; 退却fall over 跌倒fall down 倒下; 跌倒; (建筑物)倒塌; (计划)失败fall in love with sb. 爱上某人fall to pieces 崩溃; 倒塌,【温馨提示】 fall ill 强调突然病倒, 短暂性动词短语, 不与一段时间状语连用; be ill 表示生病的状态, 延续性动词短语, 可与一段时间状语连用。,2. over and over again 反复; 多次,课文原句：For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by puttin
18、g them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad. 对于二度烧伤, 要保持湿布清凉, 需把湿布放回冷水盆中, 拧出水后再放在烧伤面上, 这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右, 直到不太痛时为止。,【拓展】 (all) over again 再次; 重新over and over 一再地; 反复地again and again 反复地;
19、 再三once again 再次time and (time) again 多次; 一再地time after time 多次; 不断地time and again 一次次地now and again 时而, 有时,【温馨提示】 now and again(every)now and then时而；有时；不时,3. in place 在适当的位置; 适当,课文原句： Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用胶布把绷带固定。,【拓展】 in ones place 处在某人的位置上take the place of sb.take sb.s place代替某人o
20、ut of place 不合适的; 不恰当的make place for 为让出地方,4. put/get/lay ones hands on 找到; 得到,课文原句：He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. 他立即向附近的一些人要绷带, 当他们都找不到绷带的时候, 他的父亲却从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。
21、,【拓展】 at hand 在手边; 在附近; 即将到来by hand 手工in hand 在手里; 在掌握中; 在控制下from hand to hand从一人手中传到另一人手中hand in hand 手拉手; 共同地on the one hand, on the other hand一方面; 另一方面,5. make a difference 对某人/物有作用或 影响; 对某人/物重要/要紧,课文原句： It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。,【拓展】
22、make no difference (to sb./sth.)对某人/物没有作用或影响; 对某人/物不重要/不要紧make some difference (to sb./sth.)对某人/物有些作用或影响make all the difference关系重大; 大不相同tell the difference 分辨; 区分; 区别,1. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上, 否则把衣服都要脱掉。如果需要的话, 可以使用剪刀。unless为从属连词, 引导
23、条件状语从句, 意为“除非否则的话”, 相当于if.not.,(三) 句式, unlessif.not. 但并不是所有的if.not. 都能替换成unless, 特别是当从句的动作或情况不发生, 主句的情况才能发生时, 只能用if.not., 不能用unless。 unless与if, when等一样, 可使用省略结构。,2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在房间里学习, 突然听到一声尖叫。be doing.when.正在做这时, when在此句中意为“这时, 突然”, 相当于at this/that tim
24、e。,【拓展】 be about to do.when.正打算这时be just going to do.when.正要这时be on the point of doing. when.正要这时had just done.when.刚做了这时,3. Theres no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life. 毫无疑问, 是约翰敏捷的思维和在校学到的急救技术挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。There is no doubt that.是固定句型,
25、 表示“毫无疑问”, 其中that引导的是同位语从句。,【拓展】 There is some doubt whether. 不太确定I have no doubt about sth./that.我确定/相信I doubt whether/if. 我怀疑是否I dont doubt that. 我不怀疑be in doubt 不肯定; 不确定no doubt 无疑; 确实without/beyond doubt 毫无疑问; 的确,省略 在英语中, 为了使语言简洁或避免重复, 省略句中的一个或几个句子成分, 这种语法现象称为省略。 简单句中的省略 在简单句中, 可省略主语、谓语或谓语的一部分、宾
26、语等, 有时甚至同时省略若干成分。如：,语法,(You) Hand me the book over there. (Is) Anybody against the suggestion? What do you think made David so happy? Passing his driving test (made him happy).,并列句中的省略 在并列句中, 如果后面的分句与前面的分句中有相同的成分, 常被省略, 以避免重复。如： To some students learning math is very easy, and to others (learning ma
27、th is) so hard. This machine functions well, but that one doesnt (function well).,复合句中的省略 1. 定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中, 可省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom, who。如： That is the film (which / that) we watched last week. Tom isnt a man (whom / that / who) you can believe in.,注意： 当先行词为the way时, 从句用that或in which引导
28、, that或in which也常被省略。如： We admired him for the way (in which / that) he faces his difficulties. 关系代词作介词的宾语, 且介词置于关系代词之前时, 则不可省略关系代词。如：,The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner. （whom 不可省略） 2. 状语从句中的省略 在状语从句中, 如从句的主语与主句的主语一致, 谓语中又包含动词be时, 可以省略主语和动词be。状语从句中作主语的代词it以及动词be也可以省略。如：,While (I was)
29、 in Hangzhou, I paid a visit to the West Lake. The computer is of no use unless (it is) repaired. Although (he is) still young, he knows a lot. Hand in the work tomorrow if (it is) possible.,3. 宾语从句中的省略 在宾语从句中, 连词that 一般可以省略；但宾语从句中包含that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句时, 通常只有第一个that可以省略。如： I dont believe (that) M
30、ike has joined the army. Lisa told me (that) she was ill and that she couldnt go to school the next day.,注意：有时可用so或not代替上文的内容。如： Work hard. If not (If you dont work hard), you will fail in the exam. Do you think Mr. Green will give us help? I hope so. (I hope he will give us help.),【拓展】 动词不定式中为了避免重复
31、, 常省去前面出现的相同部分, 而只保留不定式符号to；如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been时, 这些词要保留。如： I asked my friend to have a drink, but he didnt want to (have a drink). Are you a teacher now? No, but I used to be (a teacher).,将下列句子改写为省略句。 1) Im not listening to music now, but I was listening to music in the morning. _ 2)
32、Mrs. Smith wont attend the party unless she is invited. _,Im not listening to music now, but I was in the morning.,Mrs. Smith wont attend the party unless invited.,3) The boy didnt want to take these tablets, but he had to take them._,The boy didnt want to take these tablets, but he had to.,如何写指导性说明
33、文 【写作任务】 你校英文报计划出版一期急救常识专刊，现面向全校学生公开征集稿件，你有意参加。请你根据所给图画及汉语提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍如何用海姆利克氏急救法(the Heimlich maneuver)从窒息者咽部除去异物。,写作,注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 标题已给出，但不计入总词数。 How to help a choking victim _,【写作指导】 审题定调 本习作属于指导性说明文，旨在为读者提供解决问题的方法及具体的操作步骤。这类写作的特点是：目的明确、简洁明了、步骤清晰、操作性强。此类说明文的句子以祈使句为主，时态以
34、一般现在时为主，人称多用第一人称或第二人称。,谋篇布局 本文可分两部分来写： 第一部分：简要说明海姆利克氏急救法的适用对象（异物卡喉的患者）； 第二部分：按照动作先后顺序说明施救步骤。,组织语言 第一部分,第二部分,【范文展示】 普通范文 How to help a choking victimIf you find someone is choking, you can try the Heimlich maneuver. That can save a life in seconds. Please perform it by following these simple steps.1.
35、 Stand behind the victim and lean him / her slightly forward.2. Put your arms around the victim, make a fist with one hand, hold your wrist with another hand and place it below his / her chest.,3. Pull both hands backwards into their stomach with a hard, upward movement.4. Do the action again and ag
36、ain until the food in the throat is gone.Attention: Use less force if the victim is a child or weak., 高级范文 How to help a choking victimThe Heimlich maneuver is the most effective way to save a person who is chocking on food. The steps are as follows:1. Reach around the victim from behind, make him /
37、 her lean slightly forward and circle your hands around his / her stomach.2. Make a fist with one hand, hold your fist with another hand and put the fist against the bottom of his / her chest.3. Quickly and with force press the stomach inward and upward.,4. Repeat this series of movements until the
38、object stuck in the throat is removed.Attention: Use less force if the victim is a child or weak.,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。,1. Frank was under _ (press) from his parents to become a doctor. 2. War has made life almost _ (bear) for the people remaining in the capital. 3. Her legs have got _ (swell) from
39、 standing up all day.,swollen,pressure,unbearable,4. This medicine is _ (poison) if taken in large quantities. 5. “Of course I dont mind,” she answered _ (mild). 6. The same subject matter gets a very different _ (treat) by Chris Wilson in his latest novel.,treatment,poisonous,mildly,II. 根据括号内的汉语提示补
40、全下面句子。(每空一词),1. Bruce went home in a hurry because his kid _ _ _ (突然病了). 2. Julia decided to go abroad for _ _ _ _ (种种原因).,a variety of reasons,fell ill suddenly,3. I read the article _ _ _ _ (再三) till it made sense. 4. Please take a look and see if everything is _ _ (适当). 5. This scheme will certai
41、nly _ _ _ (有影响) to the way I do my job. 6. Neil cut open a lemon and _ _ (挤出) the juice.,squeezed,over and over,in place,a / the difference,again,make,out,III. 简化下面句子, 并保持句意基本不变。,1. The office has been cleaned and it has been painted too. The office has been cleaned and painted. 2. Harry did his hom
42、ework, even though he didnt want to do his homework. Harry did his homework, even though he didnt want to.,3. Recently Fred has been listening to a lot of music, but he has not been reading much.Recently Fred has been listening to a lot of music, but not reading much. 4. Although I could have gone t
43、o university, I didnt go to university. Although I could have gone to university, I didnt.,5. The ceremony honoured twelve brilliant athletes who were visiting the U.K.The ceremony honoured twelve brilliant athletes visiting the U.K. 6. We cant repair your car today but we can repair it tomorrow. We
44、 cant repair your car today but we can tomorrow.,IV. 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。,Even as a young army doctor during the French Revolution, Jean Larrey (1766-1842) did not wait 1. _ the wounded to be brought to him but treated them on the battlefield. For this he was criticized by his super
45、iors. But his 2. _ (brave) and devotion to the wounded were recognized by,for,bravery,Napoleon, 3. _, when he became Emperor of France in 1804, made Larrey Chief Surgeon of his Imperial Guard. Larrey was always looking for new ways to relieve the suffering of 4. _ (injure) soldiers. After seeing how fast horse artillery (骑炮兵) could move on the battlefield, he 5. _ (create) “flying ambulances.” Consisting of a doctor, two assistants and a nurse in a,
