1、什么叫非谓语动词？ 1：当一个动词在句中做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语或状语成份时就叫做非谓语。 2.因为不同的成份必须用不同的词性，所以做各种成份的动词必须要变化其形式才能做对应的成份。,三 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作 之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在,在谓语表示的动作之后,与谓语表示的动作同时发生,在谓语表示的动作之前,to do/to be done,to do/to be done /to be doing ; doing/being done ;,done; to have done/to have been
2、 done ; having done/having been done,非 谓 语 动 词,动名词,分 词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,不定式:是一种非限定性动词。 1.非限定动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词， 2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。 3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。,一.基本形式： to+动词原形 二.其否定形式是: “not/never to do”/not do. 三.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。,不定式的构成:,肯定： to + V.原 或者 (to)+ V.原否定：no
3、t/never + (to) + V.原,He likes to read novels.I saw him come. We decided not to buy that house. 4) It is interesting to fly a kite. 5) Please let him not go there.,动词不定式的结构,动词不定式,1. 作主语,2. 作宾语,3. 作宾语补足语,4. 作定语,5. 作状语,6. 作表语,7. 作独立成分,8. 与疑问词等连用,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see
4、you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,英语博客网http:/,结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do,二. 时态与语态,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have d
5、one,to have beendone,to have been doing,-,-,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在 它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的 动作一直在
6、进行而且可能之后也继续),三. 用法/ 功能,To see is to believe. Its important to learn English well .,(1). 主语,1.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 2.不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,is,is,三. 用法/ 功能,To see is to believe. Its important to learn .,(1). 主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语.,It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征 （i
7、mportant/ necessary / interesting 等.） of: adj. 多为 描述主语的品质特征 （kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.）,作主语,It is easy _ her to learn English well. It is clever _ you to solve the problem.,of,for,5、轮到我们打扫教室了。It is our turn_ 6、To waste time is to shorten life. （翻译成中文）,to clean the classroom.,浪费时间就是缩
8、短生命。,练习,1、主语 + be + to do sth 主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work / job 等 名词,1、My dream is to be a singer. 2、His work is to clean the classroom every day.,作表语,我的梦想是成为一名歌手。 他的工作是每天清扫教室。,1、动词+ to do sth. 常用动词有： want / wish / like / would like / hope / plan / try / decide / l
9、earn / need / agree / begin / start / forget / remember / manage / seem / fail/ manage/ promise等,1、I hope to finish it tomorrow . 2、She plans to go and teach in the country.,作宾语,1、Dont forget _.(关灯) 2、I happened _when he called me. （出去） 3、I dont want_. (依赖别人） 4、Sam is learning_. (怎样开车） 5、We promise
10、_ the environment.(保护),to turn off the light,to go out,to depend on others,how to drive a car,练习,to protect,1、动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.,1、The teacher asked her to answer the question. 2、The doctor told me to have a good rest.,作宾补-对宾语进行补充说明,常用动词有：ask, tell, allow, want 等,The teacher told me to c
11、lean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.,(4). 宾补,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉:,feel,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等,e.g. I made him do his work.,He was made to do his work (by me).,注意,1 help 后面的“to”可省去,e.g. They often help the grandma
12、 (to)carry water.,2 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动语态不省to）,典型例题 1) - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。 2) Paul doesnt
13、 have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。,3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.,(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3).What do you like to do b
14、esides sleep.,1、Let him _ the work at once. (finish / to finish) 2、Do you like listening to other people_?(talk / talking/to talk ) 3、Jim was seen _the room.(enter /to enter ) 4、Please tell her _here on time . (come / to come),finish,talk,to enter,to come,练习,5、Ill help you _this problem. (to solve /
15、solve ) 6、 I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）,(to ) solve,I wish you to stay with us.,We were made to laugh by her story.,放在被修饰词的后面,I have a lot of work to do. I want to find something to drink.,作定语,不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。,Im looking for a hotel _. A. stay B. stay at
16、 C. to stay D. to stay at,D,位置：,I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.,(5). 定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.),请给我一支写字的笔.,Please give me a pen to write with.,6. 作定语(后置） 1.Do you have anything more_ 要说? 2.She has
17、a lot of work _做 every day . 3. The old man has a house _ 住. 4. She is a nice person_ 共事 .,to say,to do,to live in,to work with,4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,e.g. Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗,I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.,(6) 状语
18、（表示目的或结果）,in order to , so as to , enough to , only to , too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现,(8)“疑问词不定式”用法1. 不定式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、 主语等。 例: He didnt tell me where to go. (直宾)I dont know what to say now.(宾语)I dont know what to do next. (宾语） He taught us how to use the
19、 computer(宾语补足语),返回,注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?,(7).独立结构,to be frank, to be honest,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.,类似的结构,关于不定式中的小品词to,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .,(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.,eg: Woul
20、d you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.,1、习惯于be used to _被用于be used to _ Water is used to _ (put) out fires. I am used to _ (take) a walk after supper. 2、prefer to 比起来更喜欢 比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。 I prefer _ to _.,介词 to 与不定式 to 的区别,put,taking,running swimming,do,doing,All I did was to give him some advice . H
21、is dream is to travel all over the world. Lucy needs a friend to play with . He was the last guest to arrive . Its interesting to read a science fiction .,下列不定式作何种成分？,（表语）,（表语）,（定语）,（定语）,（主语）,He was glad to see you. My father offered to buy a computer for me.He interviewed detective Ken to get some
22、information . The doctor asked him to have more fruit and vegetables.,（状语）,（宾语）,（状语）,（宾语补足语）,下列不定式作何种成分？,1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事 eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest. 2、 for
23、get / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘记记得曾经做过某事 eg. Please remember to bring my book to school. I remember doing my homework,同义词比较,一、常使用动词不定式的短语 1、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth 该作某事的时候了. 2、cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事 3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)
24、作某事 4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事 5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事 6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事,中考重点句型,exercise,My teacher was made _ his teachingbecause of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being expla
25、ined D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being,D,B,C,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _. learn
26、ed B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,B,D,C,几对易混淆的词组： stop to do sth. 停止去做某事doing sth.停止正在做 forget to do sth. 忘记去做doing sth. 忘记已做了 remember to do sth. 记得去做doing sth. 记
27、得曾经做,7.-How do you deal with the disagreementbetween the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meetthe demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _. school to study in
28、B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study,B,A,9. -Did you get a job?- No, I _ , but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to
29、 Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go,B,D,B,12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night. To make B. Made C. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to be
30、g14.The boy pretended _ when his motherentered. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read,A,A,C,Exercise,1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make
31、 life easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they wil
32、l enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A
33、. who B. when C. how D. why,7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother t
34、old him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D.
35、having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A. to invent B. inventingC. to have invented D. having invented,13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to takeC. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A
36、. To sleep B. SleepingC. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make,1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 _ are both great happiness. 2中国人民决不会征服。 The Chinese people refuse _ 3据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said _. 4 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported _,To love and to
37、 be loved,to give in/ be conquered,to have finished/completed his work,to have arrived safely,5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike _. 6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。 Mary seemed _. 7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。 He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.,to be repaired at once/ immediately,to have been told about it,to have been given,
