1、The Attributive Clause,(定语从句),一个美丽的女孩 a beautiful girl,beautiful,（形容词作前置定语）,一个穿白色衣服的女孩,a girl in white,in white,（介词短语作后置定语）,一个正唱歌的女孩,a girl is singing,who,is singing,（定语从句，a girl为先行词）,定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。,Li Ming
2、is a boy.,Li Ming is a good boy .,Li Ming is a good boy .,形容词作定语,介词短语作定语,在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。,good,with glasses,who is wearing glasses,句子作定语,先行词,引导词(关系词）,从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,（被修饰的名词或代词）,（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）,修饰先行词的句子,定语从句分析 结构：先行词+引导词+从句,This is the card that Ive just received,先行词,引导
3、词,从句,关系代词,关系副词,who,that ,which , whom, whose,Where, when,why,定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词,引 导 词：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系副词,引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,做题一般步骤,步骤二,步骤三,In which = where,I live the house (WRONG),步骤一,先行词house，带入句子,I live in the house (RIGHT),This is the house_
4、I live., 关系代词who, whom的用法 who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如： I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。 In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。 但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who, that代之。如： The person to whom I complaine
5、d is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。 The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。,关系代词的作用, 关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如： She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的 This is the house whose windows were broken. 这就是窗户被打破了的房子。 Mrs. Gray, whose childr
6、en are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。 His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。,关系代词which的用法,which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如： （1）She was not on the train which arrived just now.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。 （2）He never got back the mo
7、ney which he had lent him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。 which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：Is this the book（ which ）you are looking for？ (look for寻找) 这是你要找的书吗？,关系代词that用法,一、指人的用法 that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如： A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。 He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。
8、 He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。 二、指物的用法 that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如： This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。 She was annoyed by something that I had said.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。 Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。,the handsome the tall
9、 the strong the clever the naughty,boy,The boy is Tom.,The boy who is handsome is Tom.,The boy who is tall is Tom.,The boy who is strong is Tom,The boy who is clever is Tom,The boy who is naughty is Tom., The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling., The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.,The boy who is s
10、miling is Tom.(主语),The boy who has a round face is Tom., The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.,The man who sits in front of me is Tom., The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.,The woman who can speak Russian got the job., The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous.,The teac
11、her who is famous will give us a talk., The man is kind. Everyone likes him.,The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.(宾语), The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.,The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job., The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday.,The teacher (wh
12、om) we met yesterday will give us a talk.,Ex: He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French.,He is the teacher who can speak French., Do you know the man? He came to visit you today.,Do you know the man who came tovisit you today?, The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with the lady.,The la
13、dy (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot., Do you know the man? You will visit him today.,Do you know the man whom you will visit today?,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small,The apple whi
14、ch is green is big., Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat . The goat is eating her flowers.,Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers., Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.,Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night.,A plane is a machine. It ca
15、n fly.,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He is the man. I told you about him.,He is the man (that) I told you about.,1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything (th
16、at) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you. 注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。 注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing
17、., that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,2、当先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen. 4、当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last ,any,little等修饰时 (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to bu
18、y, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？,5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、当先行词既有人，也有动
19、物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语 The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which,who,that （先行词为人）区别,1.用who不用that的情况：,(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。,He who does not reach th
20、e Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise,2.只能用which 的情况:,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物) 2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which (1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(2)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground
21、 and broke.,Read the text again and find the Attributive Clauses:,My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.,2. This is the cage that Polly lives in.,3. We are looking for a thief who likes stealing parrots and necklace.,6. Ill shoot anyone who moves!,4. When was the last time (that ) you saw
22、the parrot?,5. It was about some thieves who robbed a train,7. Ill shoot anyone who moves, anyone who moves!,8. Is that the parrot which you are looking for?,9. And is this the necklace that was stolen?,10. Polly was the thief who stole Mums necklace!,1.This is all_I know about the matter.A.that B.w
23、hat C.who D.whether 2Is there anything else_you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it 4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom 5.There is no dictionary_you ca
24、n find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that 6.This is one of the best books_.A.that have ever been writtenC.that has writtenB.that has ever been written D.that have written,A,B,B,B,C,A,7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ _he saw on the way to the Paris.A.what B.that C.which D.w
25、here 8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn?A.that B./ C.which D.it 9.Is there anything_to you?A.that is belonged B.that belongsC.which belongs D.that belong 10.The scientist and his achievements_you toldme about are admired by us all.A.which B.that C.who D.whose 11.Which of the books_were borrowe
26、d fromhim is the best?A.which B.what C.that D.whose,B,A,B,B,C,12.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields. 13.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is infront of our school gate. 14.This is the very thing _ I was looking for. 15.This is the second novel _I have ever rea
27、d. 16.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me. 17.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree? 18.My hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,whose 在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。,This is the book who
28、se cover is blue.,This is the book of which the cover is blue,This is the book the cover of which is blue,Do you know the girl? Her hair is very short in our class,Do you know the girl whose hair isthe hair of whom very short in our class?,He is the student. I broke his pencil yesterday,He is the st
29、udent whose pencilthe pencil of whom I broke yesterday.,Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt.,Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.,We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story.,We shall make a decision about Ms King, whos
30、e story I have told you.,.,The chair is being repaired now. The legs of the chair are broken.,The chair,whose legs are broken the legs of which are broken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now.,The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little.,The boss of the compa
31、ny, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms King,This teacher is liked by all the students. I work with her son.,This teacher,with whose son I work, is liked by all the students,The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his department.,The boss in whose department Mr King wo
32、rked had heard about the accident.,1 The river _are covered with trees is very long.A which banks B of which banksC whose the banks D the banks of which 2 she likes to use words _is clear to him. A of which the meaning B of which meaning C whose of meaning D meaning of which 3 The manager_company th
33、ey worked agreed _their decision. A which, with B in which, to C whose, with D in whose, with 4 Look! The dictionary ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A which cover B the cover of which C the whose cover D that the cover 5 Mr. Brown,_, works as the manager of the company. A we got he
34、re in his car B we got here by car C in whose car we got here D by whose car we got here,D,A,D,B,C,6 Will you please show me the girl _name is Linda?A who B whom C whose D which 7 It was a meeting ,_importance I did not realize at the time.A which B of which C its D whose 8 Do you know who is living
35、 in that house _windows face south? A whose B which C which of D its 9 what about the watch price is 100 yuan？A that B its C which D whose10 We telephoned the man home we lived in 1996.A whose B in whose C of which D his11 Mark Twins , for _life had once been very hard, wrote many famous novels.A wh
36、ose B who C whom D his 12 There is a mountain _is always covered with snow.A whose the top B of which top C its top D of which the top,C,D,A,D,B,C,D,As 也可以用来引导定语从句.,当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I should
37、 like to use the same pen as I used yesterday. 3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved. 4.I will read as many books as are required. 5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.,关系副词,关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . w
38、hich (介词同先行词搭配),when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.,why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
39、(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted
40、when he grew up.,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league,on which,where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,This is the house where I lived two years ago.,in which,why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）”。,Do you know the reason why she was lat
41、e.,It rained heavily, for which he was late forthe class.,1. This is the town _ I was born.This is the town _ I visited last week. 2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school.I will never forget the day _ I spent with you. 3. This is the reason _ he was late.This is the reason _ he told me.The
42、 reason _he explained is not true.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,“介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意： 1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素 A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to colleg
43、e. 4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _most people had had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars? 2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars? 3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book _
44、 she often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which, The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him,The boy (whom/that) you want to talk to is in the lab.,The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab., This is the boy. I sit behind him.,This is the boy (whom/that) I sit behind.,This is the
45、 boy behind whom I sit.,Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now,Do you find the pen (which/that) I wrote with just now?,Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：,1.介词 + whomwhich,The woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army,2.介词 短语 + whichwhom,Th
46、e fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well.,3. 不定代词 或数词 +whichwhom,There are many books here , none of which belongs to me. China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.,4.名词+ of which,She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.,part of whom/which,T
47、here are 23 students in our class, A:_(他们都） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些）are from Xiabancheng D:_（没有一个）are from Beijing,all of whom,most of whom,some of whom,none of whom,There are 23 students in our class. (,and) A:_ (他们都） love mothers deeply. B:_ （大多数） are from countryside. C:_ （有些） are from Xiabancheng D:_ （没有一个） are from Beijing,
