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本文(【3年高考2年模拟】2016届人教版新课标高三英语一轮复习课件-语法专练五-特殊句式.pptx)为本站会员(无敌)主动上传,道客多多仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知道客多多(发送邮件至docduoduo@163.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

【3年高考2年模拟】2016届人教版新课标高三英语一轮复习课件-语法专练五-特殊句式.pptx

1、高频考点一倒装1.完全倒装,表示方位或地点的副词或介词短语,如:here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,under the tree等置于句首,且主语是名词时。,2.部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。(2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition,in no way等置于句首时,3.as/though引导让步状语从

2、句用形式倒装的情况:,典例(2014湖南,29)Only when you can find peace in your heartyou keep good relationships with others.答案will解析句意:只有当你的心态平和时,你才能与别人保持好的关系。“only+状语从句”置于句首,后面的主句需部分倒装。时间状语从句中谓语动词为一般现在时,主句需用一般将来时,故填will。,高频考点二强调句式,典例(2014福建,29)It was the culture,rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt

3、 to the new environment abroad.答案that解析句意:是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。根据解析分析可知本句为强调句。去掉It was和空格,题干可以还原为:The cul-ture,rather than the language made it hard for him to adapt to the new envi-ronment abroad.故填that。,高频考点三省略1.不定式的省略不定式作动词expect,refuse,mean,like,love,prefer,wish,hope,want等的宾语时,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但保留不定

4、式符号to。2.状语从句的省略(1)在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致,或从句主语是it时,且谓语中含有be动词时,可以将从句主语和be动词省略。(2)在if引导的非真实条件句中,如果从句含有had,should或were时,可以省略if,同时将这些词置于主语前。,典例(2013课标,28)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police (not).答案not to解析句意:这个司机想把车停在路边,但被警察告知不要这么做。考查省略。空格处补全为not to

5、 park his car near the roadside。,高频考点四祈使句、反意疑问句1.以动词原形开头的句子就是祈使句,考查的重点是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句式。要注意有时候用一个名词短语来代替祈使句的情况。2.反意疑问句中的反意疑问部分首先要根据陈述部分谓语动词的时态和形式做出判断,第二要根据语境判断问的是主句还是从句的情况,尤其要注意陈述部分本身含有否定意义词汇的情况。在学习中注意几个特殊句型的反意疑问句:陈述部分含有must,used to,ought to以及陈述部分为祈使句。考查反意疑问句的答语时要看所提到的事情是否已经发生:发生了就用肯定回答,没发生就用否定回答。

6、,典例(2014湖南,30)(make) what youre doing today important,be-cause youre trading a day of your life for it.答案Make解析句意:让你今天做的事情有意义,因为你正拿你生命中的一天来换取它。本题考查特殊句式。根据句意可知前半句为祈使句,用来给别人提建议,故填动词原形Make。,高频考点五主谓一致 该语法主要考查考生对一些固定用法的掌握,只要熟练掌握了以下几种情况就会做出正确选择。1.“名词或代词+with/together with/as well as等+名词或代词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与第一个

7、名词或代词保持一致。2.由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数遵循就近原则,决定于离它最近的名词或代词。3.and连接两个单数名词表示同一个人、同一个物时谓语动词用单数形式。4.主语从句或非谓语动词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。,5.某些集体名词如果表示一个整体时谓语动词用单数形式,如果表示集体中的各个成员时就用复数形式。6.一段时间、一段距离作主语时往往把它看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。7.百分数或分数与名词搭配时,如果是可数名词复数谓语动词就用复数形式,如果是不可数名词谓语动词就用单数形式。8.注意a n

8、umber of与the number of,a large quantity of与large quantities of的区别。,典例(2014湖南,32)All we need(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.答案is解析句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。根据题干可知all指代的是a small piece of land,所以谓语动词要用单

9、数形式,整句话的语境为一般现在时,故填is。,知识清单一倒装一、完全倒装(Full Inversion)谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种:1.表示方位或地点的副词或介词短语,如here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall 等置于句首,且主语是名词时。如:In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。South of the river lies a small factory

10、.一个小型工厂坐落在这条河的南岸。,Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。In she came.(主语是代词时,不倒装)她走了进来。2.such 置于句首时。如:Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scien-tist.这就是艾伯特爱因斯坦,一个简单的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。此句型中的such 多被认为是表语,所以,such 后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。如:,Such are the facts;no one can deny them.这

11、些就是事实,没有人能否定它们。二、部分倒装(Partial Inversion)只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有以下几种:1.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。如:Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。使用特点:(1)在部分倒装句中,如果谓语部分无助动词,则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如:,()Only after the war learned he the sad news.()Only after the war did he

12、learn the sad news.直到战后他才得知那个悲惨的消息。(2)only 修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装。如:()Only when did he return did we find out the truth.()Only when he returned did we find out the truth.直到他回来,我们才查明了真相。(3)only 修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。如:()Only can he answer the question.,()Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。2.否定副词never,nor,not,

13、hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时。如:Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a mov-ing film before.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.=I h

14、ardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。,3.六个重要的固定句型:(1).so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语“也是如此”。They love having lots of friends;so do I.他们喜欢交很多朋友,我也是如此。使用特点:此句型也可写成“it is the same with.”,或“so it is with.”。如:They love having lots of friends;it is the same with me/so it is with m

15、e.如果句意不是“也是如此”,而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed),那么,句子不可使用倒装。试比较:,A:I was afraid.(句中的 I 指的是A)B:So was I.(I 指的是B,此句意为:I was afraid,too.)A:我害怕。B:我也是。A:I was afraid.(I 指的是A)B:So you were.(you 指的也是A。此句意为:Indeed you were afraid.)A:我害怕。B:你就是这样。再比较几个句子:A:It is hot.A:天很热。,B:So it is. B:的确如此。A:He is lazy.A:他很懒惰。B

16、:So is she.B:她也一样。(2).neither(或nor)+be/助动词/情态动词+主语,“也不这样”。Lily cant ride a bicycle;neither(或nor)can Lucy.莉莉不会骑自行车,露西也不会。使用特点:此句型也可写成“it is the same with.”,或“so it is with.”。Lily cant ride a bicycle;it is the same with Lucy/so it is with Lucy.此句型中的neither(或nor)不可用so.not 替代,但可用not.either 改写。,如:()I hav

17、e never been abroad.So hasnt he.()I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he.()I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either.我没出过国。他也没有。(3)So+adj./adv.that.“如此以至于”。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他说英语说得如此清晰,以至于别人都能听得懂。使用特点:在这个句型中,so后面的句子要倒装

18、,而that 引导的句子不倒装。,(4)Neither.,nor.“不,也不”。Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我不知道这件事,也不关心。由于neither 和nor 都是否定词,所以它们后面的分句均需倒装。(5)Not only.,but also.“不仅而且”。Not only does he like English,but also he learns it well.他不仅喜欢英语,而且学得好。使用特点:此句型也可写成 Not only.but.或Not only.but.as well 的形式,但but(al-so)引导的句子

19、必须用正常语序。,(6)Not until.“直到才”。Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。使用特点:这句话可以改写成:We didnt have supper until he returned.再如:Not until 4:00 in the morning can he fall asleep.=He cant fall asleep until 4:00 in the morning.直到凌晨4点他才睡着。如果 not until 引导的是句子,until 从句的主谓不可倒装,只是主句需要倒装。,三、形式倒装(For

20、mal Inversion)形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是,只把强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多,但有几个重要的句型需要特别注意:1.感叹句What an interesting talk they had!他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀!How interesting their talk is!他们的谈话多么有趣呀!使用特点:对名词(或中心词是名词)感叹时,用what 引导;对形容词或副词感叹时,用how 引导。,2.the+形容词/副词比较级.,the+形容词/副词比较级.句型The more you listen to English,the easier

21、it becomes.你听英语听得越多,它就变得越简单。The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.你越努力,取得的进步就越大。此句型中的前半句相当于一个条件状语从句;后半句相当于一个主句。所以,上面第二个例句的意思实质上就是:If you work harder,you will make greater progress.3.whatever,however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句Whatever reasons you have,you should carry out your promise.无论你有什么

22、理由,你都应当遵守诺言。,However difficult the problem may be,we must work it out this evening.无论这个问题会有多难,今晚我们必须解决。使用特点:whatever 后面常接名词;用however时常构成以下形式:However+形容词/副词+主语+.4.as,though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装形式的情况(1)表语的倒装Tired as/though he was,he still went on with his work.尽管很累,他还是继续工作。,Strange as/though it seems,it is tr

23、ue.尽管看上去奇怪,这事却是真的。Exhausted as/though she was,she wasnt able to sleep.尽管已经筋疲力尽,但她还是睡不着觉。注意:如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语,前置时要省略冠词。如:Youngest as he is in our class,he speaks English the best.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的,但他英语说得最好。(2)谓语动词的倒装Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.尽管他可能努力了,但考试还是不及格。,Search as they would here and t

24、here,they could find nothing in the room.尽管他们到处寻找,但在房间里找不到任何东西。(3)状语的倒装Much as he likes the bike,he doesnt want to buy it.他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车,但并不想买它。Hard as I studied,I could not catch up with them.我虽然努力学习,但赶不上他们。,知识清单二强调一、强调句型1.强调句型的一般结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分. 强调人时可用 who/that来连接,强调事物时常用 that。所强调的可以

25、是单词、短语,也可以是从句,但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语,但不能是定语或谓语。如:It is I who/that am right.我才是对的。(主语)It was him that/who we met at the school gate.我们在校门口见到的就是他。(宾语)It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.汤姆是在公园里丢的那只手表。(状语),2.强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?如:Was it in 1939 that the Second World War b

26、roke out? 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗?Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?教你们英语的是王教授吗?3.强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他成分?如:Who was it that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁?When was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天给我打电话是什么时候?What is it that you want me to do?你要我干什么?,4.有时可用It might be.that.,It must hav

27、e been.that.句型表示强调。如:It might be his father that youre looking for.你正在找的可能是他父亲。It must have been his brother that you saw.你看到的一定是他的弟弟。5.not.until.句型的强调句其强调句式为:It is/was not until.+that+其他成分.如:He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed.直到10点他才上床睡觉。,I didnt rea

28、lize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a fa-mous film star.直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是一位著名影星。6.强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it可根据能否恢复原句来判断,即把It is/was和that去掉,如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子,这就是强调句型,否则就不是。如:It is there that accidents often h

29、appen.Accidents often happen there.事故经常在那里发生。,以上就是强调句型,被强调成分是状语,把It is和that去掉,可还原成原来的非强调句。It is clear that not all boys like football.很显然并非所有男孩都喜欢足球。去掉 It is和that,句子成了:Clear not all boys like football.很显然这不是一个完整的句子,因此不是强调句型,而是由it 作形式主语,that从句作真正主语的复合句。7.强调句型 It is/was.that.;It is/was+时间+when/before从

30、句;It is+时间+since 从句;It was not long.before.等句型的区别,(1)强调句型与It is/was+时间+when/before 从句在“It is/was+时间+when/before从句”中,it 指时间,when/before引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。如:It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天午夜我回到了家里。It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday.昨天当我回到家里时,已经是午夜了。/昨天

31、我还没到家就到了午夜了。第一句是强调句型,被强调的是时间状语,因此用介词短语表达;而第二句是一般句型,时间以名词的方式表达,用来作表语。,(2)强调句型与 It is+时间+since 从句It is.since.表示“自从以来已有(时间)”。注意:两个句型中的时态一般不同,试比较:It was two years ago that I began to learn English.我是在两年前开始学英语的。It is two years since I began to learn English.我学英语两年了。第一句为强调句型,强调的是过去的事情,用一般过去时;而第二句表示“从过去到现在

32、已有多长时间”,用一般现在时,其强调句型同样可以用一般现在时。如:,It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花在学英语上的时间是两个小时。(3)强调句型与It was not long.before.上述句型可有以下几个句式:It wasnt long before.不久以后就了It wont be long before.不久就会It was two years/days before.过了两年/两天才It was not two years/days before.不到两年/两天就It will be two years

33、/days before.还得两年/两天才,It will not be two years/days before.用不了两年/两天就会试比较:It was two years before he came back from abroad.It was two years later that he came back from abroad.同样表示“他两年以后回国”,强调句型中应注意状语的表达方式。二、对谓语动词的强调It is/was.that.结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词,用助动词do,did 或does。如:Do come this evening.今天晚上一定要来

34、呀。,He did write to you last week.上周他的确给你写信了。Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆的确学习很努力。知识清单三反意疑问句一、陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句当must 作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分用neednt;当含有mustnt(不允许、禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must/may。如:You must go now,neednt you?你现在必须走,是吗?,You mustnt smoke here,must/may you?你不可以在此吸烟,行吗?当must/may(might)表示推测,即must作“一定,准是”讲,may/

35、might作“可能”讲时,可首先将句子改为“I am sure/guess that从句”,反意疑问部分的动词形式根据be sure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如:1.You must/may(might)be hungry now,?I am sure/guess that you are hungry now,arent you?You must/may(might)be hungry now,arent you?你现在一定/可能饿了,是吗?,2.You must have heard about it,?I am sure that you have heard abou

36、t it,havent you?You must have heard about it,havent you?你一定听说过这件事了,是吗?3.You must have watched that football match last night,?I am sure that you watched that football match last night,didnt you?You must have watched that football match last night,didnt you?你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了,是吗?(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语last night)二

37、、陈述部分含有used to 的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用 usednt或didnt均可。如:,You used to sleep with the windows open,usednt/didnt you?你过去经常开着窗户睡觉,是吗?三、陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。如:He ought to attend the lecture,oughtnt/shouldnt he?他应该去听这个演讲,是不是?四、陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,li

38、ttle,nothing,nobody等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:He could hardly walk without a stick,could he?没有拐杖他几乎不能走路,是吗?,五、如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如:Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesnt he?汤姆不喜欢打网球,是吗?Its unfair,isnt it?那不公平,不是吗?六、陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致。如:,He said that

39、 he would come to my birthday party,didnt he?他说他要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?2.陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致;陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和时态与主句的主语和时态保持一致。如:I dont believe he will succeed,will he?我认为他不会成功,会吗?Tom doesnt believe Jane will succeed,does he?汤

40、姆认为简不会成功,对吗?,七、祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:1.否定祈使句,+will you?2.肯定祈使句,+will/wont you?3.Lets.,+shall we?4.Let us.,+will/wont you?5.Let+第三人称.,+will you?如: Open the door,will/wont you?打开门,好吗? Lets go out for a walk,shall we?,我们出去散步,好吗?Let us go home now,will/wont you?现在,(您)让我们回家,好吗?八、回答反意疑问句时应遵

41、循的原则1.不管是主句为否定,还是附加问句为否定,回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了,用肯定回答,否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You arent a teacher,are you?或You are a teacher,arent you?时,你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可,如果你是老师,回答Yes,I am.否则,回答No,I am not.2.要么肯定到底,要么否定到底,不会出现类似于Yes,I dont.或No,I do.的形式。九、附加问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况,知识清单四祈使句和感叹句一、祈使句1.否定式和强调式Dont be

42、 so sure.别那么有把握。(否定式)Please dont forget to take your medicine.请不要忘了吃药。(否定式)Do come on time this evening.今晚务必准时到。(强调式)Do be careful!千万要小心!(强调式)2.带主语的祈使句(1)为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时,需加主语“you”,有时还可同时加称呼语。如:,Tom,you water the flowers!汤姆,你浇花!(2)命令/吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时,祈使句需带主语“you”,还可同时带称呼语。如:You,girls,clean the de

43、sks;you,boys,sweep the floor.你们,女生,擦桌子;你们,男生,打扫地板。(3)在表达“不高兴,厌烦”等情绪时,可带主语“you”。如: You mind your own business!你少管闲事!(4)祈使句的主语除了用“you”外,还可用“everybody,everyone,somebody,someone”等,它们可以放在句末。如:Be quiet,everyone!大家静下来!,3.祈使句+and+陈述句=If.,+主句祈使句+or+陈述句=If.not.,+主句如:Work hard and you will succeed.(=If you wor

44、k hard,you will succeed.)努力学习,你就会成功。Hurry up or we will be late.(=If you dont hurry up,we will be late.)快点儿,否则我们就迟到了。二、感叹句1.基本构成形式(1)What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!,(3)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!What a clever boy he is!=How clever the boy is!多聪明的男孩儿啊!What beautiful flowers these are!=Ho

45、w beautiful these flowers are!这些花多美啊!What sweet water it is!这水可真甜呀!How high the mountain is!这山真高呀!How fast he is running!他跑得真快!,2.省略形式的感叹句(1)how直接修饰谓语动词:How+主语+谓语!How(much)we love our motherland!我们多么热爱我们的祖国呀!(2)省略主语和谓语How wonderful(it is)!真棒!3.其他形式的感叹句How can you be so silly!你怎么这么傻!The design and th

46、e colours!多美的图案和色彩!,To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然要把这样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁!知识清单五省略一、定语从句中的省略现象定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略。二、状语从句中的省略现象1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,这时从句中可出现如下结构:(1)连词(as,as if,once)+名词Once(he was)a student,he worked very hard.,当他是个学生的时候,他学习非常用功。(2)连词(

47、though,whether,when)+形容词Work hard when(you are)young,or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。(3)连词(whether,as if,while)+介词短语He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他四处张望,好像在找什么东西。(4)连词(when,while,though)+现在分词While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.走在街上的时候,我听见有人叫我的名字。,(5)连词(w

48、hen,if,even if,unless,once,than,as)+过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.那个展览比预料的更有趣。(6)连词(as if,as though)+不定式He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.他张了张嘴,好像要说话。注意:当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,有时候也有这样的省略。如:Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing the street.她爸爸告诉她过马路时要小心。,

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