1、AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS,The Political Career of a Female Politician,Unit 2 Section B,Contents,Reading Skills,Introduction,Like the other skills for your use, the skill introduced in this unit does render you better able in reading.,Practice,Th
2、is practice is designed to help you get a deeper insight into the skill special for this unit.,Introduction:,阅读实践,随 笔,Facts or Opinions,Facts are statements that tell what really happened or really is the case whereas opinions are statements of beliefs, judgments, or feelings. It is not always easy
3、to make a clear distinction between facts and opinions as writers often mix facts and opinions even within the same sentence, with some words representing facts and others representing opinions. There are some tips for distinguishing facts from opinions:,Introduction：,阅读实践,随 笔,1. Test the writers op
4、inion by asking whether a different opinion is possible. You do not have to agree with the different opinion or with the writers, for that matter. You just have to be able to see if there is another view. 2. Look for adjectives that interpret ones opinions such as pretty, ugly, handsome, dangerous,
5、evil, attractive, well-dressed, good, etc.,Facts or Opinions,Introduction：,阅读实践,随 笔,If we say a girl is pretty or ugly, it is clear that it is only our point of view. Words like probably, perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, on occasion usually imply certain facts and indicate possibilities. Other wo
6、rds say clearly that an opinion will follow like I believe, I think, in my opinion, I feel, I suggest, etc.,Facts or Opinions,Introduction：,阅读实践,随 笔,Here are two examples taken from Text A.,But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “The Tramp”, the little man in rags w
7、ho gave his creator permanent fame. (Para. 1),Example 1,Facts or Opinions,Introduction：,阅读实践,随 笔,Explanation,Even though the words only, great, permanent inply opinions, the sentence presents many facts Charlie Chaplin, created, comic character, the Tramp, the little man in rags. Even more important
8、, the main point of the sentence is to state the fact that Charlie Chaplin created “The Tramp”, which brought him fame. Thus the sentence is basically factual.,Facts or Opinions,Introduction：,阅读实践,随 笔,This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely t
9、he secrets of Chaplins great comedy. (Para. 6),Example 2,Even though the words surely and great imply opinions, the sentence presents many factsphysical transformation, the skill with which he executed it again and again. The sentence is basically factual as it introduces what the secret of Charlie
10、Chaplins great comedy is.,Explanation,Facts or Opinions,Practice,阅读技巧,随 笔,Directions: Pick out the words that present facts and those that present opinions in the following sentences from Text B. Write “F” before each sentence that basically represents a fact; write “O” before each statement of opin
11、ion. Then confirm your answers when reading the passage.,Practice,阅读技巧,随 笔,( ) 1. Yet, six months ago, she did a most revolutionary thing: She ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won.,It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions.,F,Words representing opinions: Words repr
12、esenting facts:,a most revolutionary thing,six months ago; ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won,Practice,阅读技巧,随 笔,( ) 2. Ms. Mbogos victory was even more surprising because she was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men.,It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some
13、words for opinions.,F,Words representing opinions: Words representing facts:,even more surprising,was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men,Practice,阅读技巧,随 笔,( ) 3. For the thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi, Ms. Mbogo suddenly became a symbo
14、l of the increasingly powerful political force women have become in Kenya and across Africa.,It is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts.,O,Words representing opinions: Words representing facts:,suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force,th
15、ousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi,Practice,阅读技巧,随 笔,( ) 4. One veteran female political activist said that many women had not been taught the basics of political participation.,It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions.,F,Words rep
16、resenting opinions: Words representing facts:,many women had not been taught the basics of political participation,One veteran female political activist said,Practice,阅读技巧,随 笔,( ) 5. Yet, political activity among Kenyan women is not a new phenomenon.,It is basically an opinion though the sentence co
17、ntains some words for facts.,O,Words representing opinions: Words representing facts:,not a new phenomenon,political activity among Kenyan women,Text Study,New Words,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,New Words,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,New Words,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,New Words,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,New Words,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览
18、,New Words,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,Questions Previewing,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,For you to be better conditioned for reading as fast as required in the new type of examination “Fast Reading”, Text B can serve to be your fast-reading material. But, for this to be achieved, the best course of action is to know
19、what to scan for in your skimming. Thus, the trick is to keep in your mind the key words of each question before you start off. That is where the “Question Previewing” comes in.,Questions Previewing,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) acco
20、rding to the text.,1. Ms. Mbogos victory surprised people greatly because she was the first female mayor in Embu, Kenya. 2. When Ms. Mbogo began running for the Embu Council, she already had experience in political career.,Questions Previewing,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,3. After Ms. Mbogo became a Kenyan am
21、bassador to a foreign country, women there began to understand her better. 4. Kenyan women are taught to vote for those who could provide them with the necessities to live on. 5. Traditionally, Kenyan women are housewives, who can decide how to use the money of the family.,Questions Previewing,词汇学习,
22、课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,6. After winning her council seat, Ms. Mbogo joined the town planning committee, in which she could do more practical work for the town than she could in the education and social services committee. 7. Ms. Mbogo has never encountered any abuse in her political life. 8. Ms. Mbogo is now
23、 particularly welcomed by people of low social status.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,The Political Career of a Female Politician,Chinese,Para. 1 Modest and soft-spoken, Agatha Muthoni Mbogo, 24, is hardly the image of a revolutionary. Yet, six months ago, she did a most revolutionary thing: She
24、 ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Question 1,Para. 2 Ms. Mbogos victory was even more surprising because she was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men. For the thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairob
25、i, Ms. Mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force women have become in Kenya and across Africa.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Question 2,Para. 3 Ms. Mbogo launched her dream of a career in politics in 1992 by running for the Embu Council, facing the obst
26、acles that often trouble African women running for political office. She had little money. She had no political experience. She faced ridiculous questions about her personal life. “My opponent kept insisting that I was going to get married to somebody in another town and move away, ” Ms. Mbogo said.
27、,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 4 Ms. Mbogo also faced misunderstanding among the towns women, many of whom initially were unwilling to vote for her. She became an ambassador for womens political rights, giving speeches before womens groups and going from door to door, handbag in h
28、and, spending hours at a time giving a combination of speech and government lesson.,Question 3,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 5 “I was delighted when she won the election, because men elected her,” said Lydiah Kimani, an Embu farmer and political activist. “It was the answer to my
29、prayers because it seemed to be a victory over this idea that women cant lead.”,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 6a Education of African women has become a top priority for political activists. One organization has held dozens of workshops in rural Kenya to help women understand the
30、nations constitution and the procedures and theory behind a democratic political system.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Question 4,Para. 6b One veteran female political activist said that many women had not been taught the basics of political participation. They are taught to vote for th
31、e one who “gives you a half kilo sack of flour, 200 grams of salt, or a loaf of bread” during the campaign, said the activist.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 7 Women politicians and activists say they are fighting deeply-held cultural traditions. Those traditions teach that African
32、 women cook, clean, take care of children, sow and harvest crops and support their husbands. They typically do not inherit land, divorce their husband, control their finances or hold political office.,Question 5,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 8 Yet, political activity among Kenyan
33、women is not a new phenomenon. During the struggle for independence in the 1950s, Kenyan women often secretly provided troops with weapons and spied on the positions of colonial forces. But after independence, leaders jealous to protect their power shut them out of politics, a situation repeated acr
34、oss the continent.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 9 Today, men still have the upper hand. Women in Kenya make up 60 percent of the people who vote, but only 3 percent of the National Assembly. No Kenyan woman has ever held a cabinet post.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,
35、Para. 10 Against that background, Agatha Mbogo began her political career. After winning her council seat, she declined a spot on the education and social services committee after a colleague called it “a womans committee”. She instead joined the town planning committee, a much more visible assignme
36、nt.,Question 6,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 11 Then last year, she decided to challenge Embus mayor, a veteran politician. Ms. Mbogo said she had become frustrated because the donor groups that provide substantial aid to Kenyas rural areas “did not want to come here”.,Passage Rea
37、ding,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 12 “We werent seeing things done for the community, ” she said. “It was a scandalthe donors money seemed to be going to individuals.” Para. 13 After a fierce campaign, the council elected her, 7 to 6. She said women in Embu celebrated. Men were puzzled; some wer
38、e hostile. They asked, “How could all of those men vote for a woman? ” she recalled.,Question 7,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Question 7,Para. 14a Ms. Mbogo has not met with the kinds of abuse that other female politicians have been subjected to, however. Some have said their supporters
39、 are sometimes attacked with clubs after rallies. Last June, Kenyan police attempted to break up a womens political meeting northwest of Nairobi, insisting it was illegal and might start a riot.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 14b When the 100 women, including a member of the Nation
40、al Assembly, refused to go, officers tore down their banners and beat them with clubs and fists, witnesses reported. Para. 15 In contrast, Ms. Mbogo generally receives warm greetings from the men of Embu, and many say they are now glad the council chose her.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chines
41、e,Para. 16 Donor groups are now funding projects in Embu in earnest. A new market is going up downtown. A 200-bed section for new mothers is being added to the hospital. A dormitory-style home has been built for the dozens of homeless street children who once wandered the city. Ms. Mbogo is especial
42、ly proud of the market and the hospital because “they have an impact on women”.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 17 At the current market, where hundreds of people, shaded by umbrellas, lay out fruits and vegetables, one person who sells lemons said she liked the new mayor. Para. 18
43、“I feel like if I have a problem, I can go to her office,” she said. “The other mayor shouted. He acted like an emperor. He did not want to hear my problems.”,Question 8,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Para. 19 Nearby, a man said he found Ms. Mbogo a refreshing change. “Im tired of men,”
44、he said, watching over his pile of onions. “They give us so many promises, but they dont deliver the goods. As long as she keeps giving us what we want, she is all right.”,Question 8,Reading Comprehension,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F
45、) according to the text.,1. Ms. Mbogos victory surprised people greatly because she was the first female mayor in Embu, Kenya.,2. When Ms. Mbogo began running for the Embu Council, she already had experience in political career.,F,T,Refer to Para. 2,Refer to Para. 3,Reading Comprehension,词汇学习,问题预览,随
46、 笔,课文阅读,3. After Ms. Mbogo became a Kenyan ambassador to a foreign country, women there began to understand her better.,4. Kenyan women are taught to vote for those who could provide them with the necessities to live on.,5. Traditionally, Kenyan women are housewives, who can decide how to use the mo
47、ney of the family.,F,T,Refer to Para. 4,Refer to Para. 6,Refer to Para. 7,F,Reading Comprehension,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,6. After winning her council seat, Ms. Mbogo joined the town planning committee, in which she could do more practical work for the town than she could in the education and social serv
48、ices committee.,7. Ms. Mbogo has never encountered any abuse in her political life.,8. Ms. Mbogo is now particularly welcomed by people of low social status.,T,F,T,Refer to Para. 10,Refer to Paras. 13-14,Refer to Paras. 17-19,Test Yourself,Long Conversations,In-Depth Reading,In each exercise, you wi
49、ll hear 3 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, 3 or 4 questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), a
50、nd decide which is the best answer.,Long Conversations,Directions,随 笔,深层阅读,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,Questions 1 to 3 are based on the conversation you are going to hear.,1.A) To go boating on the St. Lawrence River. B) To go sightseeing in Quebec Province.C) To call on a friend in Quebec City. D) To attend a wedding in Montreal.,
