1、Key to exercisesUnit 1Preview1. Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanks in the following sentences.1. aim/purpose; training; practical/professional skills; technical training; universities2. graduate school; Shakespeares plays; be a pharmacist3. making a living; keep himself;
2、 his family; expose; ideas4. waking; average; a living; all about 5. in danger; mechanized savages; push-button Neanderthals6. have left us; peculiar accomplishments; species 7. center; storehouse8. sarcastic; humorous 2. Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions, paying specia
3、l attention to the parts in bold type.1)It means annoying experiences, tough problems or failures. 2)They must have finished their graduate studies with an advanced degree like a PhD.3)It simply means “one of the students”. The word “body” here means the whole group of students. Because the student
4、is thin and tall. It is meant to be humorous rather than insulting.4)He teaches English literature.5)By using the word “stuff”, he shows his dislike for the course very clearly. He doesnt like the course because he thinks it is useless for his planned career. 6)We can assume that he does not think i
5、t necessary to waste money on the books since he intends to drop the course.7)The latter. It is a humorous way of referring to a certain type of people.8) He is talking about the Pharmacy School. He is being sarcastic when he calls it “a Drugstore Mechanics School” It means “技工”.9) He is talking abo
6、ut the diploma for university or college graduates. He has in mind people like what the student wants to be: pharmacists.10) It means “having been introduced to the ideas developed or produced throughout history.11) It refers to his effort to convince the student.12) “Hold” here is an intransitive v
7、erb meaning “remain true”. It is often used as a set phrase “hold true”.13) It means “things of the same kind”. 诸如此类14) We call it the future continuous tense. It is used for ongoing future actions.15) He is saying here that you will make sure that the medicine you make will not be mixed with poison
8、 if you are trained as a pharmacist; that the houses you build will successfully keep out bulls if your chosen job is engineering; and that your client will not be sentenced to death because you are incompetent if you want to be a lawyer.16) These are all useful things to do and raises/brings up you
9、r children.17) In formal English, “may” is used to express a hope or wish. More examples: May our country be prosperous and our people happy.May peace finally prevail.Note: suffice (be sufficient) It is formal for humorous effect.18) 民主的思想家. Will you be heading a family that is familiar with the gre
10、at democratic ideas in past history?19) He means the tall student. “Pest” is often used to refer to an annoying person especially a child.20) No. He means that he is aiming to make money. That is his purpose for coming to school.21) youre going to have trouble finding something to do when you are no
11、t spending money.22) then you shouldnt go to college. You have no reason to go to college.23) He is saying here that young people may become savages like the ancient people who lived 35,000 to 130,000 years ago although they can now push buttons and use machines, hence, a “new species”.24) Our colle
12、ges are bound to produce some students of this kind. He is very sarcastic about these people and thinks that they are not truly educated and civilized as they should be today. Therefore he uses the expression: “ such life forms”. Note also that the word “graduate” is used as a transitive verb here.2
13、5) We are talking about how ideas or concepts are developed and how important they are in the evolution of the human species. Animals live by instinct. Only human beings are able to formulate ideas such as love, freedom, democracy, and equality. These ideas make us different from other animals. And
14、we get these ideas from people in the past. That is why reading is so important. Many scholars maintain that without reading we dont know how to think. There are, however, people who emphasize the importance of direct experience. They say that Doing is also learning. Sometimes they even go as far as
15、 to maintain that reading may prevent us from creative thinking.26) The fact that we have the faculty means thatVocabulary1. Do the following exercises on word formation rules. 1)The following words are adjectives ending with the suffixes “-ent” and “-ant,” and their corresponding nouns usually endi
16、ng with “-ence” and “-ance.” Decide which of the following should be the former, and which the latter.1. different2. independent3. extravagant4. competent5. arrogant6. important7. confident8. fragrant9. significant10. convenient 11. evident12. intelligent13. relevant14. present15. urgent 16. violent
17、17. current18. frequent19. distantNote: The following words are nouns, not adjectives: accountant; assistant; defendant; dependant; attendant2)Guess the corresponding nouns of the following, paying special attention to their pronunciation.1. qualification clarificationunification notificationclassif
18、ication identificationintensification justificationsimplification certificationglorification specification2. modernization mechanizationrealization civilizationglobalization specializationAmericanization industrializationurbanization idealizationcentralization marketizationnationalization privatizat
19、ion3. permission discussionadmission professioncommission confessionremission impressionemission oppressionsubmission compressiontransmission expressionomission depression3) Give derivatives of the following words.1. sense: sensitive; sensible; senseless; Comment 园园园园1: 此处没有提供汉语翻译。sensibility; overs
20、ensitive; insensitive2.technique: technical; technically; technician;3.special: specially; specialty; specialize4.intellect: intellectual; intelligent; intelligence5.civil: civilize; civilization; civilized; uncivilized 4)Translate the following into Chinese.1.Many people agree that the increased en
21、rollment is a big accomplishment.2.The lack of availability of certified accountants who can meet such high qualifications is still a big problem.3.Early specialization is not wise. Students should have a wide exposure to world culture before they specialize.4.Strong as we might be some day we must
22、never become arrogant. We should continue to pursue the policy of peaceful co-existence among nations.5. It is a penetrating thought that a nations power rests essentially with its advanced civilization. 6. Our memory of past disastrous experiences is an extremely important spiritual resource.2. Tra
23、nslate the following verb+noun collocations into English.1)fold ones arms2)fold the letter3) acquire knowledge4)generate ideas5)generate jobs6)generate power7)generate interest8)employ workers9)use/employ time10) rear/raise ones children11) rear sheep12) raise ones family13) raise ones voice14) rais
24、e tax15) raise the question16) maintain contact17) maintain law and order18) maintain peace3. Give the synonyms and antonyms of the following.Synonyms1. reasonably/ rather/quite2. clearly/evidently3. to keep4. to raise5. to gain/obtain6. to produce7. to prove8. department (university)9. humanity10.
25、drugstore /chemist (英)11. type/example/model/case12. to enter/join 13. however/but 14. sharp/thoughtful15. thinker/intellectual16. to shake/tremble/shiver17. unavoidably/certainly/18. to suppose/presume/think/guess19. to help/assist20. strange/odd/unusual/queer 21. achievement/success/victory22. spe
26、cial skillAntonyms1. unavailable2. modestly3. general4. unqualified5. uncivilized/savage6. to unfold7. unemployed8. incompetence9. insensitive4. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below.1)to see to it; exposed to 2)out for; succeed in3)averages out 4)specialize in 5)stuck for 6)presi
27、de over7)stuck for; see to it that 8)true of 9) out to; see to it that 10) have no business5. Fill in the blanks with the right word or expression in the bracket.1)in making; to find2)see 3)out; of; of; for4)to5)by; for6)Poor as he was; put7)for8)in9)believed in; forcing10) physicist; sensitive6. Tr
28、anslate the following sentences into English. 1)It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens.2)As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and m
29、ore involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations. 3)We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.4)Information is now
30、 easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library5)That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres.6
31、)These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 7)The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our peoples lives is really improve
32、d.8)Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds; and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields. 9)Give absolute power to some individual or any particular g
33、roup of people, and that person or group are sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”10) Traditionally in our country school education was always said to be more important and useful compared with all other pursuits.Grammar1
34、. Point out how future time is expressed and what concept each future expression conveys.It is far more complicated to talk about the future than to talk about the present and past. Generally, future time is expressed in these ways. Future at Presenta) “will” as in 3): used to say something is expec
35、ted to happen “will be doing” as in 4): used to say that you are sure that something will happen because arrangements have been madeb) “be going to”: used 2), 5) to say that something will happen quite soon or to talk about sbs intentions or what they have decided to do c) “the present progressive”
36、as in 10): used to talk about something that will happen because you have planned or arranged itd) “the simple present” as in 9): used to say that something will definitely happen at a particular time, especially because it has been officially arrangedFuture in the Pasta) “would” as in 7): used to s
37、ay what you intended to do or expected to happenb) “was/were going to” as in 1): used to say that something was expected to happen c) “was/were to do” as in 6), 8): used to talk about something that would happen because it had been planned or arranged.2. Learn to use emphasizing coordinating conjunc
38、tions.1. Point out the grammatical form each pair of the conjunctions connects.Emphasizing coordinating conjunctions connect parts of the sentence that have the same grammatical form. 1)two nouns2)two adjectives3)two prepositional phrases4)two infinitive phrases5)two noun phrases6)two noun phrases7)
39、two prepositional phrases8)two prepositional phrases2. Combine each pair of the sentences using the right emphasizing coordinating conjunctions.1) The province is strong both in industry and in agriculture. / The province is not only strong in industry, but also in agriculture. 2) Relief agencies sa
40、y the immediate problem is not a lack of food, but transportation.3) Generally, after working for the company for five years, young employees either are promoted or leave.4) TV programs for children should not only entertain but also teach.5) Obviously, these children are motivated not by a desire t
41、o achieve, but by fear of failure6) At present, it would be neither practical nor desirable to eliminate examinations altogether.7) Asian Americans are playing a more active role in politics than ever before, both at local and national level.8) My uncle believes that in our town sightseeing is best
42、done either by tour bus or by bicycle.9) Wood flooring not only cleans easily, but is environmentally friendly.10) Until I read the article I knew neither where she was brought up nor (where she was) educated.11) I find the new manager neither easy to get along with nor delightful to talk to.12) Con
43、trary to what people had expected, not only did he attend the meeting, but he also spoke for twenty minutes.3. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.(1) other (2) best (3) reason (4) mental (5) next(6) As (7) take (8) cool (9) thinking(10) rest4. Translate the following sentences into English.1)
44、 The premier is leaving for New York for a UN conference tomorrow.2) He is to meet the heads of state of several countries during his stay in New York.3) What are you going to do during the National Day holidays? Are you going home or staying on campus?4) What do you think school will be like in twe
45、nty years time? I think children will probably learn at home with a mechanical teacher.5) Thirty years ago, my grandparents never thought they would be able to move into a two-storey house with all the modern facilities.6) What they lack is not money but experience.7) They have come to China not onl
46、y to learn Chinese, but to learn about Chinese culture as well.8) What children want most from their parents are not material things but love and attention.9) You may either write your essay in your regular exercise book or do it on your computer. 10) Im not quite sure why he didnt show up. Either h
47、e was not interested, or he simply forgot about it.11) A society should respect both its scientists and its garbage collectors.12) He is miserly both with his money and with his time. 5. Identify and correct the mistakes. Note there is no mistake in two of the sentences.1) I will phone you as soon a
48、s I arrive in Beijing.2) We can hardly imagine what life will be like in 50 years.3) What are we going to do if Edith wont help us? (No mistake in this sentence. Here “ifwill” is possible when will expresses “willingness”.)4) Please be seated, everyone. The show is about to begin. (Use “be about to
49、do sth” to say that something will happen almost immediately. “Will” is not used.)5) It is predicted that in about ten years time, China will be able to send man to the Moon. (“To be able to do sth” is used to say it is possible for someone or something to do something.)6) Drop in whenever you please. Youll always be welcome. (Adverbs of frequency, such as always, usually, often, sometimes, etc, usually go immediately in front of the main verb.)7) Neither his parents, nor his brother was able to come to his performance. (The main verb ag
