1、一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1.一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est;(1)单音节词如:smallsmallersmallest short shortershortest talltallertallest greatgreater greatest(2)双音节词如:clevercleverer cleverest narrownarrower narrowest 2.以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st;如:large largerlargest nicenicernicest b
2、ravebraverbravest3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+ 元音+辅音)中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er ，最高级加-est;如: bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatter fattest wetwetterwettest4.以“ 辅音字母 +y”结尾的双音节词， 把 y 改为 i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;如:easy easiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5.其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加 more，最高级在前
3、面加 most;如:beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如:goodbetterbest wellbetterbestbadworse worst illworse worstoldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthe
4、st注意: (1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. (2) 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常“。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A 比 B 更”。如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那
5、棵树高。 注意: 在含有连词 than 的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴 ，即同类事物之间的比较。 be+.year(s) older thanI am two years older than him2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如:It is getting warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。The wind becomes heavier and heavier.风变得越来越大。Our town is becoming more and more
6、beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3.在含有 or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者 供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim 还是 Tom?4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better. 越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:. A is times the size /height/length/width of B. 如:The new build
7、ing is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或
8、三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如:of the three, in our class 等等。如:Of the three, he is the most hard-working.He is the tallest in our class. 7.“否定词语 +比较级“，“否定词语+ so as“结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.8. 比较级与最高级的转换: 比较级+than+any other+
9、单数名词Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7.修饰比较级和最高级的词1)可修饰比较级的词a bit, a little, much, a lot, even注意: 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错 ) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对 ) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2)下列词可修饰最高级:by fa
10、r(非常,远远超过 ,远比), far, much, mostly, almost。 This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意: a. very 可修饰最高级，用于形容词最高级前，以加强语气( 完全地，真正地) This is the very best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 8.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错 ) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对 ) He is more clever than his bro
11、ther. (对 ) He is cleverer than his brother. 9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错 ) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对 ) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.
