1、过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者；过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系，即被动关系。 Greatly interested, I asked how he played these works.,Unit 4 Pygmalion Period 3 Grammar & Writing 课件（人教版选修8，重庆专用）,过去分词（二） 过去分词作状语,一、意义,大感兴趣之下，我问他是如何演奏这些新作的。 Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. 如果身
2、体好，我希望今年完成这工作。 They came in, followed by their wives. 他们走了进来，妻子们跟随在后。过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.,二、功能,1表时间，可转换为when，while或after等引导的时问状语从句。,When he was accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Pa
3、rty. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 Seen from the top of the hill，the city looked like a big garden. When it is seen from the top of the hill，the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。Deeply moved by the story; the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.,2表原因，可转换为as，since或because等引导的原因状语从句。
4、, Because they were deeply moved by the story; the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. Because they were encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to t
5、ake up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。 If heated，water can be turned into vapour. If it is heated，water can be turned into vapour. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。,3表条件，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。,United we will stand；divided we will fall. If we are united we will stand；if we are divided we will fall. 团结就是胜利；分裂
6、必然失败。Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. Although they were exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people，he continued his study.,4表让步，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。,Even though he was laughed
7、 at by many people，he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。The old man went into the room，supported by his wife. The old man was supported by his wife and went into the room. 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。 Aunt Hu came in，followed by her husband. Aunt Hu came in，and(she) was followed by her
8、 husband.,5表方式或伴随情况。作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。,胡阿姨走进来，(她)后面跟着她的丈夫。分词作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上when，while，if，once，unless，although等连词。相当于状语从句的省略。 If merely drawn on your imagination，the report will not be convincing. 假若仅靠你的想像去写，报告是不会有说服力的。 Once(it is)seen，it will not be forgo
9、tten. 只要看见就不会忘记。,6连词过去分词,Given another hour，I can also work out this problem. 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。,三、 独立主格 1过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。,【温馨提示】 有些过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost (迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；born(出身子)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of (厌烦)等。 Lost/Abso
10、rbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。,(given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一个小时。) Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful. 从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。 (seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市)。主格结构，即分词必须有自己的主语。独立主格在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。如果主语和动词是被动关系，就要用
11、过去分词；如果是主动关系，则用现在分词。,2当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，要使用独立,The signal given，the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。 (the signal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语。) Her head held high，she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(her head是held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语she就不再是held high的逻辑主语。)的宾格)分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。其中with/without可以省略。 They sat the
12、re silently，(with) their eyes fixed on the lake.他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。,3独立主格结构有时也可以用“with/without名词(或代词,【感悟高考】with care,one tin will last for six weeks. （2012北京，27）A.Use B.Using C.Used D.To use解析 句意：如果小心使用，一罐可维持6个星期。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。空格处的非谓语动词与逻辑主语one tin之间为被动关系，故选择C项。答案 C,2.When for his views about his teach
13、ing job,Philipsaid he found it very interesting and rewarding. （2012安徽，30）A.Asking B.askedC.having asked D.to be asked解析 句意：当被问及对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现教学非常有趣而且很值得做。考查过去分词作状语。主语Philip与ask之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。Whenasked相当于状语从句when he was asked。答案 B,The island，_to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2011全
14、国卷，15) Ajoining Bto join Cjoined Dhaving joined 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态的形容词，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。 答案 C,3.,用所给动词的适当形式填空 He soon felt asleep，_(exhaust)by the journey. He went to the hospital to be_(examine) _(be)ill，she stayed at home. Mr.cooper,
15、 deeply_(move), thanked him again and again. Please answer the question_(use)another way. 答案 exhausted examined Being moved using,warm welcome. Asurprise Bwas surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised 解析 考查省略结构和非谓语动词。补充完整为：Though he was surprised，跟后面句子的主语一致，可以省略主语和系动词。 答案 C,【单项填空】 Though_to see us，the p
16、rofessor gave us a,already_for a meal to be cooked. Alaid Blaying Cto lay D. being laid 解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。table与“放置”这个动作之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。桌子应该是被放置，选择laid。 答案 A,The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table,movie. Ato dress Bdressing Cdressed Dbeing dressed 解析 句意：据报道，在这部电影中她将扮成一名法官出场。设空处作状语，主句主语she与d
17、ress在逻辑上为被动关系，故排除A、B两项；being dressed表“正在被打扮”；不符合句意；dressed表被动且完成，故C项为正确答案。 答案 C,Its reported that she will appear_as a judge in the,exercise，if_regularly，can improve our health. Abeing carried out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out 解析 补全为if proper amounts of exercise are carried out。句意：这个实验表明合
18、理的运动量可以促进我们的健康，如果运动量有规律的进行的话。 答案 C,The experiment shows that proper amounts of,AOpened BHaving opened COpening DBeing opened 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园是有创意的乐园。open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生。 答案 A,_in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the ori
19、ginal fun park.,【写作任务】 在世界环保日到来前夕，联合国教科文组织就如何处理城市垃圾向世界中学生征文。请你以“Saving Our City”为题，写一篇短文。 【写作内容】 1城市垃圾的危害：污染环境，有害健康； 2你所在的城市是如何处理垃圾的： (1)垃圾分类；,议论文(一),观点论述类议论文,(2)报纸、玻璃的再利用； (3)填埋有害垃圾； (4)处理废水、废气； (5)尽我们所能，爱护环境，保护环境。 【写作要求】 100词左右。 【写作分析】 第一步：认真审题,一审体裁：本次写作要求写一篇观点论述类议论文。议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种文体，它通过摆事实，讲道理
20、的方式来辩明是非曲折，从而表达出作者的观点。从而提出自己独到见解的分析文章。,二审结构：写议论文要注意 1议论文要有论点、论据和论证三个环节(即三个要素)。在论证的过程中，要求语言必须简练，准确，要尽可能避免使用口语，多用书面语，可适当使用名言警句；以议论为主，辅之以叙述，说明和描写等手法。英语的议论受篇幅限制，短文开头就应提出论点。 2写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论，即论据和论证要围绕论点展开。根据题目要求，有时需要从正反两面来论述，可增强论证的力度。最后，可得出结论，照应开头，形成一个有机的整体。 三审时态：议论文的时态比较灵活，应根据具体内容使用正确的时态；
21、 此文可选用一般现在时。,第二步：提炼要点 1. deal with the rubbish 2. breathe the polluted air or drink the polluted water 3. pay attention to 4. is believed to 5. to protect the environment 6. pass laws 7. prevent . from. 8. fight against,第三步：扩点成句 1It is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities. 2If people br
22、eathe the polluted air or drink the polluted water, they may get ill. 3Our city has begun to pay attention to the problem. 4The rest, which is believed to be harmful, is sent to a certain place and buried. 5To protect the environment, the government has passed laws to prevent people from throwing ru
23、bbish everywhere. 6We should do our best to fight against pollution.,【参考范文】It is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities. Rubbish must be treated properly, otherwise it may cause problems. It may pollute the air and water. If people breathe the polluted air or drink the polluted water, the
24、y may get ill.Our city has begun to pay attention to the problem. As far as I know, some rubbish is sorted and sent to different factories. Rubbish, such as old newspapers and glass, is recycled. The rest, which is believed to be harmful, is sent to a certain place and buried. Waste air is cleaned b
25、efore it goes into the air.Waste water is treated before it is poured,into rivers.To protect the environment, the government has passed laws to prevent people from throwing rubbish everywhere. Weve been trying, but there is still a long way to go. We should do our best to fight against pollution.,【亮
26、点展示】 本文主题鲜明，要点完整，逻辑性强。开篇便点明主题，引出话题；第二、三段为主体部分，逐步揭示主题；最后一段提出号召，表明决心，具有感染力。在语言运用方面，本文使用了大量的复杂句式，比如第二段中As far as I know，which is believed to be harmful等非限制性定语从句，第三段中的To protect the environment动词不定式作目的状语，大大提升了文章的档次。另外本文还使用了大量的重点短语及固定搭配，如：deal with，such as等，也为文章增色不少。,【写作模板】 观点论述类议论文 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为
27、议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下) 正文： 第2段：First of all. Secondly. Besides.(列出23个赞成或反对的理由),结论： 第3段：In conclusion, I believe that. (照应第1段，构成 “总分总”结构),一、 总结句型 1in general/above all/with the result that
28、/as a result/consequently，. 2As far as I am concerned/as for me，. 3This truth above seems to be selfevident. 4In my point of view，I like/prefer A much more than B. 5I still prefer A，however，for they teach me not only to be.but also to be.，both in .and in.,英语写作常用句式 (一),6There is no doubt that. 7In or
29、der to make our world a better place in which to live we should make efforts to. 8To a large extent，.，therefore，reflects. 9If all above mentioned measures are achieved，. 10Wherever you are and whatever you do，.is always meaningful. 11So clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opin
30、ions on it. 12Now，which one do you preferthe one.or the one.? Were it left to me to select，I should not hesitate a moment to choose the former/latter.,二、并列句型 1Some people like A due to.However，there are many young people，including me，especially like B. 2There might be two reasons，I think. 3A and B a
31、re both important，they are attribute which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life. 4Different people have different attitudes towards.，some believe that.others，however，argue that.still others maintain that. 5First.besides，in addition.whats more. 6For one thing.nevertheless，for another.,
