1、大学英语四级听力技巧,短对话,1事实状况题 2行为活动题 3观点态度题 4地点场景题 5谈论话题型 6虚拟语气与否定转折题,7身份关系题 8数字信息题,1.事实状况题,问题是关于谈话的一方或双方说了什么、所处状态、做某事的原因何在、结果如何等。 提问方式通常为：What do we learn from this conversation?What does the man mean?What can be inferred from the conversation?,解题技巧 ： 1. 根据选项特点判断问题类型（陈述事实情况，一般现在时或过去时） 2.正确选项一般不会是原文的细节再现 （同
2、义转换，或根据内容推断事实) 3.注意捕捉选项中的关键词 (某事的原因或结果为考察重点，注意动词）,真题示例 ：2007-6-13 A The man regrets being absent-minded.B The woman saved the man some trouble.C The man placed the reading list on a desk.D The woman emptied the waste paper basket.,M: I wish I hadnt thrown away that reading list!W: I thought you migh
3、t regret it. Thats why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?,2.行为活动题,问题是关于谈话的一方或双方做过、正在做、准备去做什么，或一方建议另一方去做什么。 提问方式通常为：What will the man/woman most probably do?What are the speakers probably going/trying to do?What does the woman
4、 suggest doing?,行为活动题,解题技巧 ： 1.根据选项特点判断题型 (选项一般是动词短语形式 ） 2.听音时留意对话中的动词，尤其注意与选项中动词相关的信息。 3.注意表示请求或建议的句式或短语。 如：Why dont you? What about? Lets; Youd better; If I were you, I would; Id like to; You might as well,行为活动题,真题示例：2007-12A. Have a short break.B. Take two weeks off.C. Continue her work outdoors.
5、D. Go on vacation with the man.,M: Youve had your hands full and have been overworked during the last two weeks. I think you really need to go out and get some fresh air and sunshine.W: You are right. Thats just what I am thinking about.Q: What is the woman probably to do?,3.观点态度题,问题是关于谈话一方对另一方或第三方的
6、行为、品德、观点等的态度或评价。 提问方式通常为：What does the woman/ man mean /imply?How does the woman /man feel about.?What does the woman/man think of?,观点态度题,解题技巧 : 1. 根据选项特点判断问题类型。(观点态度类试题的选项中一般都含有一些引出观点态度的动词或短语，常见的有：think, believe, find, guess, imagine, consider, as far as I know等。) 2. 熟悉表示观点态度的常见词语。 3. 把握说话人的语气。,观点态
7、度题,真题示例: 2006-6 A The Edwards are quite well-off.B The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C Itll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D Its too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.,W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.M: Should
8、they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad.Q: What does the man imply?,4.地点场景题,问题是关于对话发生的场合、地点或者涉及到的人或事物所处的位置。 提问方式通常为：Where is the conversation most probably taking place?Where are the two people?What kind of sto
9、re is she going to ?,地点场景题,解题技巧 : 1. 抓住与特定地点相关的常用词语。 2. 熟悉常考的地点。 四级对话中常涉及的地点场景包括：clinic or hospital, restaurant, school or campus, bookstore, railway station, airport,library, post office, bank, hotel,地点场景题,真题示例: 2006-6 A At a clinic.B In a supermarket.C At a restaurant.D In an ice-cream shop.,M: Il
10、l have the steak, French Fries, and lets see, chocolate ice-cream for dessert.W: Oh-oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead? Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?,A) Grocery B) Shoe C) Drug D) St
11、ationery,地点场景题,W: Ill be happy to pick up some things for you while Im at the storeWhat do you need?M：Some milk，a loaf of bread，and a cartoon of eggsQ：What kind of store is she going to?,场景题型词汇小结： 校园：campus, dorm, library (renew the books, overdue, pay a fine, bookshelf), lab, canteen, roommate, pro
12、fessor, semester, term, pass, fail, exam, course, credit, resume，tutor, graduate, presentation, speech, report, lecture, paper, scholarship银行：open an account, cash the check, buy travelers check, ATM, draw/deposit money, balance, savings,餐馆：menu, a table for two, a table in the corner/by the window,
13、 full, on diet, treat, order, course, salad, wine, dessert，waiter, reserve, take order机场：board, flight, gate number, check in, boarding pass, seat-belt交通：due to arrive, fast train, non-stop train, xx minutes late, postpone, delay, break down, traffic jam, flat tire, speeding, pay a fine,邮局：business
14、hours, parcel, postage, letter, stamp等。家庭：darling, sweet heart之类的比较亲近的称谓语，watch TV, fix the washing machine, grocery, mow the lawn, sofa, kitchen, dining-room, have a bath等。旅馆：check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等。,租房场景,首先辨别是租房还是买房。For lease, for rent 出租与for sale 出卖 房子的类型有：公寓fl
15、at, apartment, 学生宿舍dormitory (dorm) , 学生旅店student hostel, 青年旅店youth hostel ，还有一种叫留宿当地居民家里homestay. 一般房子有的家电或设施有： 炉子stove, 冰箱fridge, 微波炉microwave oven, 洗衣机washing machine, 空调air-conditioner, 电风扇electric fan, 冷却器电暖炉radiator, 电炉electric stoves ， 床上用品及其他物品有： 枕头pillow, 枕套和被单pillow case and bed linen, 被单被
16、褥 sheet, 床垫mattress, 毯子blanket, towel手巾毛巾， 窗帘curtain，地毯carpet 房子位置：Road(Rd.), Street(St.), lane小路巷, Avenue 大道 门厅的叫法：hall, lobby, porch 阳台balcony，睡房bedroom, 厨房kitchen,图书馆场景,主要考察情景和词汇 catalogue(under titles/authors/subjects)目录 reference stacks书库 library card/admission card借书卡 date slip/deadline/date o
17、f expiry期限 due应付费 overdue and pay a fine过期并交罚款 renew续借 available可获得的 out on loan借出的 closed reserved只读不借 in circulation在书库里 out circulation借走了 not for circulation不外借 held in the closed reserved 闭馆保存的 classification分类 category种类 bibliography书目（籍者检索目录） periodical(magazines and journals)定期刊物 return in t
18、ime及时归还 interlibrary service图书馆际服务 open/closed shelves开架/闭架书库,选课场景,涉及选课主要是对语言的选择： Portuguese, Italian, Russian, Arabic, Mandarin(Standard Chinese), Cantonese, Spanish. French, German 选择级别： fundamental/elementary , intermediate , advanced 选课的时间，日期。 Time and date 申请人：applicant, enrolment admission off
19、ice foreign student office, international student, oversea(s) student,新生报到会： 新生报到会，一般向新生介绍学校的设施，选课情况，学校的历史，如何注册，应该做什么，不应该做什么。 一般由Admission office的Counselor来向新生介绍。 新生入学及入学后大致过程 register/enroll (登记、报到) 一般会到student union office opening ceremony 开学典礼 orientation meeting （介绍会）指学校综合情况 orientation week (初到
20、校)适应周 lecture（教师作的）讲演，报告 tutorial （学生发言的）讨论课,度假场景,度假地的选择，交通工具的选择，住处的选择(这部分与租房类似) make a reservation预定 confirm a reservation确认预定 book a room/table 预订房间/饭桌 cancel ones reservation取消预定 first come, first serve先到先服务原则（即不设预订服务） one-way ticket单程票 round-trip ticket往返票 飞机里面的：VIP/first class头等舱 business class
21、商务舱 economy class经济舱 Express way 高速公路，express train 高速列车 付帐 check(美国)cheque(英) A.T.M自动取款机 cashier收银员 loan贷款 draw/withdraw money提款 give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额 pin number/password/code密码 credit card信用卡 open a student account.开个学生帐户 check the present balance in my account. 查询我帐户余额 apply for a
22、 personal loan. 申请个人贷款 change pounds into dollars 把英镑兑换.成美元 the current rate 汇率,看病场景,考点：健康检查 病症状况表现 医生诊断结果 治疗方案 相关建议 clinic诊所 surgeon外科医生 physician/internist内科医生 oculist/eye doctor眼科医生 dentist牙医 mental hospital精神病医院 vet兽医 psychiatrist/shrink心理医生 symptom症状 flu流感 have/catch a cold感冒 have a sore throat
23、嗓子痛 have a stomachache胃痛 have a fever发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a headache头痛,have a toothache牙痛 feel dizzy头晕 feel chilly觉得发冷 vomit/throw up/nauseate呕吐 pills药丸 eye drops眼药水 vitamin维他命 tablet药片 medication药物 injection注射 cold cure感冒药 take ones temperature量体温 see a doctor看病 send for a doctor请医生 feel ones pul
24、se量脉搏 take ones blood pressure量血压 have an operation 动手术 make an appointment预约,授课场景 部分学科名称： literature文学 philosophy哲学 history历史 art艺术 sociology社会学 linguistics语言学 psychology心理学 engineering工程学 architecture建筑学 business商务 law法学 economics经济学 finance金融学 accounting会计学 banking银行学 biochemistry生物化学,外表衣着 gender
25、 性别 bald/balding 秃头 hair color 头发颜色 brown棕色 blond金发碧眼的 straight/curly/waved hair 直、卷、波浪发 fair hair 金发 dyed hair 染发 parted in the middle 中分 a pony tail 马尾 long/short plaits 长短辫子 slim 苗条的 stout 结实的、矮胖的 slim 苗条的 plump 丰满的 面部： angular 棱角分明的 scar 疤痕 beard 落腮胡子 moustache/mustache 上唇上的小胡子 wearing glasses 戴
26、眼镜 contact lenses 隐型眼镜,旅游出行,travel agency 旅行社 book the ticket 订票 flight number 航班号 take off 起飞 land 降落 check in 办理登机手续 motel 汽车旅馆 hostel 青年旅社 passport 护照 visa 签证 credit card 信用卡 driving license/licence 驾照 expire(v.) 驾照/护照等过期 platform 站台 museum 博物馆 souvenir 纪念品 art gallery 画廊 hiking 徒步旅行 hitch-hike 搭
27、便车旅行 surfing 冲浪 skiing 滑雪 walking boots 行军靴 bag-packer 肩背大包进行自助旅行的人,学校学习,enrolment 注册 application form 申请表 selective/elective/option 选修课 required course/compulsory course 必修课 course arrangement 课程安排 letter of recommendation 推荐信 programme/program 某一专业的课程总称 school 学院 graduate school 研究生院 undergraduate
28、 本科 postgraduate 研究生 School of Arts and Sciences 文理学院 score 成绩 credit 学分 degrees 学位 assessment 对学生的学习情况进行评估 handout 上课老师发的印刷品 assignment 作业 presentation 针对某一专题进行的发言 project 需要学生进行独立钻研的课外课题 paper/thesis/dissertation 论文/硕士论文/博士论,essay 短论文 journal 周记/每周要做的作业 participation/attendance 出勤 lecture 老师的讲课 tu
29、torial 助教的辅导 TA (Teaching Assistant) 助教 office hour 教授与学生面谈的时间 coordinator 课程协调人/班主任 professor 教授 associate professor 副教授 assistant professor 助理教授 lecturer 讲师 dean 系主任 counselor 辅导老师 adviser/ mentor 导师 president 校长 chancellor 名誉校长 faculty 教职员工的总称 principal (中学)校长 headmaster小学校长 headmistress小学校长（女）,a
30、ccountant: 会计 auto mechanic : 汽车技工 blacksmith: 铁匠 boxer: 拳击手 baker: 烘培师 barber: 理发师 (男) baseball player: 棒球选手 actor: 男演员 actress: 女演员 anchor: 新闻主播 architect: 建筑师 artist: 艺术家 associate professor: 副教授 astronaut: 宇航员. attendant: 服务员 bus driver: 公车(巴士)司机 butcher: 屠夫,肉商,carpenter:木匠 cartoonist: 漫画家 cashi
31、er: 出纳员 chemist : 化学师 clerk : 店员 computer programmer : 程序员 construction worker : 建筑工人 cook: 厨师 customs officer :海关官员 dancer : 舞者 dentist: 牙科医生 designer: 设计师,5.谈论话题题,问题是关于对话中所谈论的话题或对象。 提问方式通常为：What are they talking about?What are the speakers talking about?,谈论话题题,解题技巧 : 1. 根据选项特点判断问题类型。（选项概括性都较强，且通常为
32、短语 ） 2. 捕捉与话题相关的关键词。 3. 注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。,谈论话题题,真题示例 : 2008-6A. A tragic accident.B. A sad occasion.C. Smiths unusual life story.D. Smiths sleeping problem.,W: Did you hear Jay Smith died in his sleep last night?M: Yes, its very sad. Please let everybody know that whoever wants to, may attend the
33、funeral.Q: What are the speakers talking about?,6.虚拟语气与否定转折,解题技巧关键是否熟悉特殊表达方法，理解说话者意思。 提问方式:what does the man/woman mean/imply?what can we learn from the conversation?what does the woman think of?,虚拟语气是考试中最容易失分的一个部分，而虚拟语气又常常作为考查点出现在条件句中。虚拟语气，顾名思义，是虚拟的一种情况，换句话说，是和现实情况相反的或者不太可能出现的。使用虚拟语气的条件句又称为非真实条件句，它
34、和一般的真实条件句存在很大的区别。例如：W： Will you go to the party tonight？M1： I will if I have time.M2： I would if I had time.M1的回答表明，他如果有时间会去，这是一个真实的条件句；而M2的回答使用了虚拟语气，是一个非真实的条件句。也就是说，他有时间的可能性微乎其微，所以他是不会去的。可见对含有虚拟语气的非真实条件句的解读方式是和真实条件句不同的，或者说是相反的。解虚拟语气的思路简单说就是“反着选答案”。如果听到的虚拟语气是一句肯定的说法，那么真实的情况就是否定的。反之亦然。,例如：I wouldnt h
35、ave troubled him so much if I had known he was so busy.这句话使用的是否定“不打扰教授”但是因为是虚拟语气，表示和过去的情况相反，那么事实的情况是“经常打扰”。这就是虚拟语气“反着选答案”的解题方式。,虚拟语气类： If I were a girl, I would marry you. Were he younger, he would learn skating. I wish I had more time to spend with you. If only Id listened to what he was saying, Im
36、 sure I could work it out. You should have done your homework. It is high time that I went home. He behave as if he owned the place.,特殊否定类： You are the last person I want to see. He never fails to write a weekly letter home. I couldnt agree with you more. I cant feel better. Not a single person was
37、absent. Every one cannot do this test.,真题解析：2006-12A. The man can speak a foreign language.B. The woman hopes to improve her English.C. The woman knows many different languages.D. The man wishes to visit many more countries.,W: Having visited so many countries, you must be able to speak several diff
38、erent languages. M: I wish I could. But Japanese and, of course English are the only languages I can speak. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?,but后面的信息据统计，四级听力含有but的考题中，考but之后的信息的占到95%，而考but之前信息的题目只有5%。以下一些例子中，可以体会but在各种话题的短对话中的使用情况。1）数字计算题：W： How much time did you have for writing the paper
39、？M： We were given three hours， but I finished it in less than half the time.Q： How long did it take the man to write his paper？本题中，but后面的信息和前面的信息结合才能得到正确的答案。数字题一般不会直接在对话中出现答案，大多数题目需要计算，而but就是计算的一个重要信息点。,7.身份关系题,问题是关于对话中某个人物的职业身份或对话双方的关系等。 提问方式通常为：Whats the womans job?What most probably is Mary?What
40、is the probable relationship between the (two) speakers?What is the most probable relationship between Jim and Bob?,身份关系题,解题技巧 : 1.注意称呼语。 2.捕捉关键词及人物语气。,四级对话中常涉及的职业身份包括： 教授(professor) 秘书(secretary) 医生(doctor) 老板(boss) 服务员(waiter/waitress) 主人 (host/hostess) 修理工(repairer, plumber, electrician)家庭角色(husb
41、and, wife, son, daughter, girlfriend),四级对话中常涉及的人物关系包括： 夫妻(husband wife) 父子(father son) 母子(mother son) 师生(teacher student) 同学(schoolmate/ classmate) 同事(colleague) 老板与秘书(boss secretary) 雇主与雇员(employer employee) 医生与病人(doctor patient) 服务员与顾客(waiter/waitresscustomer) 主人与客人(host/hostess guest) 警察与司机(polic
42、eman driver) 管理员与借阅者(librarian reader) 房东与租房者(landlord/landlady tenant),8.数字信息题,问题涉及到时间、年龄、数量、速度、价格等信息。 提问方式通常为：What time did Suzy leave home?How much does one ticket cost?When is the train leaving?,数字信息题解题技巧,1速记信息。 这类题目的对话中一般都不会只出现一个数字，因此一定要对出现的数字及相关要点信息进行速记。 2听清问题。 做这类题目时，必须清楚地抓住问题是针对什么提问，然后才能根据记录
43、的信息将答案对号入座。 3不要直摄答案。 这类题目的答案一般都不会是原文中数字信息的再现，往往需要经过简单的运算才能得出答案。,数字信息题真题解析（04-6-3）,A At 10:30. B At 10:25. C At 10:40. D At 10:45.,M: So when are the other guys going to get here? The train is leaving in 10 minutes. We cant wait here forever. W: Its 10:30 already. Theyre supposed to be here by now. I told everybody to meet here by 10:15. Q: When is the train leaving? 【解析】数字信息题。本题是问火车什么时候离开。这类题往往是通过一次“加”或“减”得出答案。,Thank You!,
