1、ND FOR THE FIRST PART,大学英语四级基本写作要求,大学英语基本写作方法,教育部对大学英语课程教育要求对写作提出了明确的具体的要求一般要求；较高要求；更高要求AB级 四级 六级,教育部对大学英语写作的基本要求,大学英语文章写作的固定结构,大学英语考察的重点,把握大学英语写作的 “四度”与 “四步”四度 四步 切题度 读题与审题 内容表达清晰度 构思与布局 文字通顺连贯度 草拟题纲 语法正确度 写作,大学英语写作考察的重点,切题度 读题与审题构思与布局内容表达清晰度草拟题纲文字通顺连贯度度 写作语法正确度,四级考试作文评分标准,基本评分标准：. 作文满分为15分2. 阅卷标准为
2、5等：2-5-8-11-153. 各分数段可根据考生的写作质量上下浮动1分，无半分之说。,四级考试作文评分标准,具体评分标准： 2分-条理不清，思想不清，语言破碎，多有严重语法错误； 5分-基本切题。思想不清，连贯性差，较多严重语言错误； 8分-基本切题。个别地方思想不清，文字勉强连贯，有一定语法错误； 11分切题。思想清晰，表达连贯，少量语法错误； 14分思想清楚，文字通畅，连贯较好，语法有个别错误。,四级考试作文评分标准,字数扣分：,四级考试作文评分标准,从评分标准中得到的几点启示：考生以教学大纲规定的四级要求为出发点，必须有针对性复习。 以思想感情表达为主，从整体上谋篇，重视结构，内容充
3、实，然后考虑遣词造句 内容与语言相辅相承，为中心思想服务,四级作文基本题型,提纲式作文 段首句作文 关键语作文 情景式作文 图表式作文,近五年来四级作文命题回顾,2004年1月-应用文:信件.回答朋友的询问1. 建议报考专业的理由2.报考专业的基本条件3.应如何备考 2004年6月-应用文:景点介绍.你是导游对老外1.some welcoming words2.the schedule for the day3.a description of the visited place,近五年来四级作文命题回顾,2005年6月-应用文:信件.在教师节为老师写信1.向老师致以节日的问候2.从一件难忘的
4、事回忆老师的教诲3.我如何报答老师的关爱 2005年12月-大学校园是否应对旅游者开放1.名校校园正成为旅游热点2.校园是否应对游客开放3.我认为,近五年来四级作文命题回顾,2006年6月-应用文:海报.招收自愿者1.校学生会组织一次署假自愿者活动,现招聘志愿者2.本次自愿者活动的目的,内容及安排3.报名条件和联系方式 2006年12月议论文:关于新年晚会1.许多人在除夕观看春节晚会2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会3.我的看法,近五年来四级作文命题回顾,2007年6月-应用文:社团招募1.本社团的活动内容2.参加本社团的好处3.如何加入本社团 2007年12月-议论文:What electives
5、 to choose1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择不同的课程3.以你自己为例,近五年来四级作文命题回顾,2008年6月-议论文:Recreational Activity.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐好处及危害3.你自己来谈谈感受 2008年12月-议论文:Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag 1、一次性塑料袋的使用 2、使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3、限制一次性塑料袋的使用,2008年四级作文范文欣赏,These days disposal products often hit the headlines of new
6、spapers and have been brought into focus of the public. Indeed, it is widely accepted that they have gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life. Taking a look around you, you can find examples too numerous to list: When you walk on the street, you can see plastic bags flying over
7、 your head; When you ramble along the river, you can find plastic bottles floating on the water; When you stroll in the park with your lover, you can notice waste paper thrown everywhere. Among the most important reasons often cited by people is the quickening pace of modern life. They are often too
8、 busy to wash dirty dishes or glasses, as a result they can do nothing but use disposal products. Also playing a part is the improvement of peoples life. As a result of the policy of opening and reform, an increasing number of people are much richer than before and can afford disposal products. （原因）
9、 Admittedly, they might benefit us in a short term. Unfortunately, they will do us harm in more than one way. The major harm is (that) they are sure to pollute the environment. To make matters worse, they are likely to have potential harm to public health. To illustrate this point, I can think of no
10、 better example than HP, the river through S. As a result of disposal products in it, the water has caused some diseases in the local people. （影响） To sum up, for the factors mentioned before, we can safely reach the conclusion that the prevalence of disposable products is bound to cause a chain of u
11、ndesirable effects. In view of the present situation, it is high time that the government tried every means to protect the environment. Only in this way, can we have a bright future.,2008年四级作文范文欣赏,Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China. When we went shopping at supermarkets and depar
12、tments stores, shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience. For a while, life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us. However, disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment. Costumers usually threw them away after use, and because they are th
13、in and hard to decompose, these plastic products will exist for a long time. This is an immediate threat to our earth and water. Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to
14、invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this societ
15、y contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.,2008年四级作文范文欣赏,In our daily life, most people use disposable plastic bags for shopping and other purposes. However, the excessive use of disposable plastic bags has resulted in a great damage to our environment. The problems brought by
16、disposable plastic bags are various, ranging from environment to peoples health. In the first place, it takes years for the plastic products to decompose and be absorbed by the soil. Secondly, the use of disposable plastic bags will indirectly do harm to peoples health. Sometimes people buy hot food
17、 packed into disposable plastic bags for saving time to wash their dining utensils. Yet they are not informed of the chemical material the bags release in high temperature. Therefore, they are also eating the poisonous stuff while enjoying the tasty food.Its enlightening and significant that our gov
18、ernment has banned the use of disposable plastic bags officially, and people will be charged for the use of such bags. This action is reducing the consumption of bags to a great extent. It is a great measure for the sustainable development of our earth.,2008年四级作文范文欣赏,Nowadays we may find ourselves s
19、urrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into peoples focus.First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drai
20、nage system and causing water pollution. Whats more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they are of great convenience. But what they dont quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison so
21、me innocent animals.In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances peoples awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of th
22、e running of supermarkets.,四级作文基本题型,提纲式作文 在四级考试中占主导地位 多数给出三步提纲 三段式谋篇方式 提纲中蕴含文章主旨,近年来四级基本题型,提纲式作文 特点: 1. 无论是应用文还是议论文,要求讲出有立意的观点和思想2. 要求语言逻辑上的严谨和思维的流畅3. 语法上的无懈可击.语汇上的灵巧准确,四级作文基本题型,提纲式作文写作要领： 审题时仔细研究作文题目和提纲 确定各级主题，明确主题句 确定时态和人称，确定整体构思 拓展各段主题句，运用相关连接词 检查与修改,模拟题作文分析,题材分析 Test 1: 议论文:出国留学热;原因;我的观点 Test 2:
23、 议论文:网络带来方便;也有缺点;我的观点 Test 3: 议论文:礼貌是传统美德;大学生意识差.我的看法. Test 4: 议论文:越来越多学生兼职;利弊;我的观点 Test 5: 议论文:宣布词:比赛目的时间地点;要求;裁判奖励细节 Test 6: 议论文:住宿的优缺点:好处;不便;我的观点 Test 7: 议论文:学校严重的攀比现象;大学生应怎么做;我的看法 Test 8: 议论文:五一黄金周推动经济发展;造成问题;我的太度 Test 9: 议论文:当前一部分学生贷款完成学业;毕业没有按时还款;有哪些原因,怎么解决. Test 10: 议论文:一些大学生毕业选择当村官;人们对这一现象持不
24、同的观点;我的观点.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,议论文写作分为三个步骤提出问题 分析问题 解决问题引出话题 论述问题 得出结论注:第二段论述是重点即表明观点加以论述,四级作文写作方法-议论文,综观历年四级作文,写作类型可分为四种1.现象分析型 2. 问题解决型 3.对比选择型 4.观点论证型,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型 第一段:提出问题, 描述现象 第二段:分析问题,阐述原因 第三段:解决问题,表明观点例:2006年12月议论文:关于新年晚会1.许多人在除夕观看春节晚会2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会3.我的看法,四级作文写作方法-议论文,The Spring Festival Even
25、ing Get-Together has been held in China for over two decades, which seems to have been an indispensable company during the traditional New Years Eve for a great number of people, who appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved fa
26、mily. However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it, as more diverse life styles have emerged nowadays. Some prefer to go to a fancy restaurant to enjoy a gourmet meal; some intend to go on a vacation to an incredibly exotic destination for a novel and thorough re
27、laxation; others may have even more post-modern notions, like go bunging, hiking, or cycling for entirely new different experiences, forgetting all about the Spring Festival. To me, the Evening Get-Together is supposed to be here to stay. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us
28、a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. Besides, with such a gathering, family members will have a perfect opportunity to enjoy more fun and happiness, for nowadays most people are so engaged in their daily businesses that they can rarely find
29、 any extra time to stay with their family, which, if not properly adjusted, might add further to the already worsening situation of the values of Chinese families.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,2008年12月-议论文:Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag 1、一次性塑料袋的使用 2、使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3、限制一次性塑料袋的使用,四级作文写作方法-议论文,In our daily
30、 life, most people use disposable plastic bags for shopping and other purposes. However, the excessive use of disposable plastic bags has resulted in a great damage to our environment. The problems brought by disposable plastic bags are various, ranging from environment to peoples health. In the fir
31、st place, it takes years for the plastic products to decompose and be absorbed by the soil. Secondly, the use of disposable plastic bags will indirectly do harm to peoples health. Sometimes people buy hot food packed into disposable plastic bags for saving time to wash their dining utensils. Yet the
32、y are not informed of the chemical material the bags release in high temperature. Therefore, they are also eating the poisonous stuff while enjoying the tasty food.Its enlightening and significant that our government has banned the use of disposable plastic bags officially, and people will be charge
33、d for the use of such bags. This action is reducing the consumption of bags to a great extent. It is a great measure for the sustainable development of our earth.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,模拟作文中的现象分析型()Test 1: 议论文:出国留学热;原因;我的观点 Test 2: 议论文:网络带来方便;也有缺点;我的观点 Test 3: 议论文:礼貌是传统美德;大学生意识差.我的看法. Test 4: 议论文:越来越多学生兼职;利弊
34、;我的观点 Test 5: 议论文:宣布词:比赛目的时间地点;要求;裁判奖励细节 Test 6: 议论文:住宿的优缺点:好处;不便;我的观点 Test 7: 议论文:学校严重的攀比现象;大学生应怎么做;我的看法 Test 8: 议论文:五一黄金周推动经济发展;造成问题;我的态度 Test 9: 议论文:当前一部分学生贷款完成学业;毕业没有按时还款;有哪些原因,怎么解决. Test 10: 议论文:一些大学生毕业选择当村官;人们对这一现象持不同的观点;我的观点. ,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型作文的格式: 第一段: According to, we find clearly that n
35、owadayswhich should been given concern, has already aroused our attention, which makes us amazed/impresses us/inspires us is that.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型举例(模拟题作文1)的第一段写作方法: Study Abroad 目前很多中国学生出国留学 留学热的原因 我的观点,四级作文写作方法-议论文,Study Abroad 第一段: 目前很多中国学生出国留学1.According to newly-made survey, more and student
36、s in universities and colleges are planning to go abroad for study.2. We find clear that nowadays students in universities and colleges who aim at going abroad for study are increasing greatly. 3. To our surprise, students in universities and colleges who plan to go abroad for study are increasing g
37、reatly. 4. What makes us amazed is that many ,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型第二段写法 你可以写这样的句子开头: 原因1 : First of all/firstly/to begin with/ in the first place. 原因2: whats more/secondly/moreover/ 原因3: In addition to/besides 原因4:therefore/as a result/Consequently.总结最终导致的结果.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,Study Abroad 第二段: 留学热的原因The t
38、rend is attributed to advantages of studying overseas. In the first place, students can have access to advanced science and technology as well as desirable working conditions which might not be available at home. In the second place, they are exposed to entirely new ideas and trends. Whats more, ove
39、rseas experience is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages,四级作文写作方法-议论文,现象分析型第三段写法 你可以写这样的句子开头: In my opinion,/as far as I am concerned/as to me/in my point of view,来概括自己的观点.Firstly/for one thing/On one hand,理由1 besides/in addition to/for another/on the other hand,理由2 To con
40、clude/to sum up/in a word/in concusion,总结句,四级作文写作方法-议论文,Study Abroad 第三段: 我的观点 Yet, we should avoid go abroad blindly. On one hand, it is expensive. On the one hand, it is probably painful because a completely new environment with different customs and habits may also be a barrier to overseas studen
41、ts, and you may find yourself in a strange world and may feel helpless. So we must be sure that we can get better education and experience overseas before making the final decision.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,欣赏评说:What makes us amazed is that the number of students who enjoy going abroad for study is greatly incr
42、easing. They are mainly students from universities and colleges, and a small part from high schools.The trend is definitely based on students different purposed. First of all, they hold the idea that the experiences in foreign countries are valuable, which will help them be independent for their fut
43、ure. Second, they think there is a direct access to foreign countries advanced science and technology, which will enable them to enhance their knowledge. Possibly at last they expect go learn much about the a new culture.In my opinion, however, abrupt decision to go abroad will do harm. On one hand,
44、 expenditure in foreign countries are on earth higher than in domestic. On the other hand, the extreme depression created by a new customs and habits will hurt you for the time being if you are not well prepared. The aimless option for learning fields will also be likely to fail your previous dream.
45、 Therefore , it is wise of you to think over before you really put it into reality.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,作文赏析At present, more and more people go to have a trip in our country in the Golden Week Holidays. At a result, the economy increases and people can enjoy their lives.But, everything cant be perfect. The
46、 Golden Week Holidays also bring some problems. First of all, it bring more press to traffic which in the beautiful places. Whats more, because people are playing in the same time, the see more people rather than what they really want to look at. In addition, after a week of play, they are too tired
47、 to put full of their heart in their jobs.As far as I am concerned, people should think twice about the time in the Golden Week Holidays. On the other hand, enjoying the time, for another, they can worked better after it.,四级作文写作方法-议论文,常见的对比选择型模式引言对比型 段落对比型首段为引言 观点一的利二段为对比 观点二的弊三段为选择 三段为选择,四级作文写作方法-议
48、论文,对比选择型 引言选择型 2008年6月四级作文 一.写作部分(9：00-9：30)Part Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危
49、害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。,Recreational Activities It is a striking fact that the issue of recreational activities has triggered a heated discussion. In the era of information and technology, increasing numbers of people are fond of taking part in various recreational activities (ranging from watching TV, play
50、ing cards to surfing the Internet and so on).Yet, no one could fail to notice both the favorable and unfavorable influence that recreational activities bring to people. On the one hand, recreational activities are good to peoples health, both physically and mentally. For instance, sports and dancing
51、 can keep people fit, and surfing the Internet can bring people a lot of information and knowledge. On the other hand, recreational activities might be harmful if people are addicted. Spending too much time on recreational activities will seriously affect peoples normal lives, especially work and study.From my perspective, we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities. Meanwhile, we might as well learn how to avoid some negative effects of recreational activities when making the most of them.,
